7th Grade Review

Place the magnets in the correct place.

Atom Molecule

What can you tell about the difference between atoms and

molecules?

All matter is made of atoms.

Molecules are combined atoms.

All matter can be classified as an element or a compound.

…lets give it a try!

Place the magnets in the correct place.

Element Compound

Now it gets tricky.

Let’s put all 4 words together.

Made of atoms

Molecules

Elements Compounds

Compound = A group of two or more different types of atoms bonded together.

Atom = A basic unit of matter (nucleus and surrounding electrons).

Molecule = A group of two or more atoms bonded together. (Note: can be same OR different types!)

Element = One or more atoms of the same type.

Definitions:

Cells1. Plant Cell Structure & Function2. Levels of Organization3. Photosynthesis4. Cellular Respiration

Cell Part Function/Job

Cell Wall Provides support or structure for the cell.

Large Central Vacuole (LCV)

Holds (mostly) water for the cell.

Chloroplast Site of PHOTOSYNTHESIS (When plants use light energy to make their own food!)

Plant Cells Have these but animal cells do not

Definition:

a living thing that carries out life processes

ORGANISM

ORGAN SYSTEMS

ORGAN

TISSUES

Definition:

similar tissues working together with a common purpose

Definition:

similar cells working together with a common purpose

Definition:

smallest unit of life

Definition:

a group of organs working together to perform body functions

CELLS

Photosynthesis & Respiration

1. Write the chemical reaction for photosynthesis showing what goes in AND what comes out.

Write the chemical reaction for respiration showing what goes in AND what comes out.

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

OverviewPhotosynthesis Respiration

Reactants (all)Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Water (H2O)Sunlight

Glucose (sugar)Oxygen (O2)

Products (all)Glucose (sugar)

Oxygen (O2)Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Water (H2O)ATP Energy

**Major Product** Glucose (sugar) ATP Energy

Type of organism Plants only Both (plants and animals)

Where in the cell Chloroplasts Mitochondria

Punnett Squares• Used to predict the possible

phenotypes and genotypes of offspring.

• Remember, each organism carries two sets of genes (one from each parent).

• When they reproduce, they pass down one of these two alleles to their offspring.

Punnett Squares

First, place the genes of one parent on the top.

We use letters (any letter will do).

Capital letters represent dominant alleles, and lower case letters are recessive.

A a

Punnett Squares

• Next, place the genes of the other parent on the side.

• Again, capital letters represent dominant alleles, and lower case letters are recessive.

A a

A

a

Punnett Squares

• Now, we distribute those same letters to the boxes below or next to them.

A a

A

a

We always write the dominant allele first!

AA Aa

Aa aa

Punnett Squares

A a

A

a

AA Aa

Aa aa

Punnett squares tell us the POSSIBLE genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

They also tell us the CHANCE of that genotype or phenotype occurring

Punnett Squares

A a

A

a

AA Aa

Aa aa

AA = dominant traitAa = dominant traitaa = recessive traitGenotype Chance

AA = 1 in 4 chance (25%)Aa = 2 in 4 chance (50%)aa = 1 in 4 chance (25%)

Genotype Phenotype

Question: How many of the 4 offspring here will show the dominant trait?

Let’s practice!

Adaptations & Evolution

Adaptation: Any trait that helps an organism survive and

reproduce in its environment

AdaptationsHow many can you find?

AdaptationsSpeaking of Eyes…and Teeth

Evolution: The process of gradual change over time

ORThe process in which inherited

characteristics within a population change over generations,

sometimes resulting in new species

Pakicetus: 50 myaEvolu

tion

Kutchicetus: 46 myaEvolu

tion

Ambulocetus: 49 myaEvolu

tion

Dorudon: 40 myaEvolu

tion

Whale: presentEvolu

tion

Videos

• Whale Evolution, 1m: http://bit.ly/159GHpH

• Flounder, 2m: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIMRSt40OMk

• Octopus (camouflage), 4m:http://bit.ly/YrLoFc• Octopus (mimic), 2m: http://bit.ly/159GX7U

Interactions of Living Things

Predatoran organism that hunts, kills and eats all or part of another organism.

Preyan organism that is killed and eaten by another organism.

Producers organisms that use energy from the sun to make their own food.

Consumersorganisms that cannot make their own food, and need to eat other organisms to get their energy.

There are four different kinds of consumers:

1. Herbivores2. Carnivores3. Omnivores4. Decomposers

1. Herbivore

an organism that eats only plants.

2. Carnivore

an organism that eats only animals.

3. Omnivore

an organism that eats both plants and animals.

4. Decomposers

an organism that gets its energy by breaking down dead organisms into simple materials.

As an organism eats it gets its energy from its food. If that organism is eaten than its energy is passed on. A FOOD CHAIN is

the path that energy takes from one organism to another.

In most ecosystems, organisms eat more than one thing. A FOOD WEB is a

system of many connected food chains in an ecosystem.

Energy travels in one direction within an ecosystem.• As an organism is eaten only a small

portion of its energy (~10%) is passed on to the next consumer in the food chain.• More organisms need to be at the base of

a food chain than at the top.

Energy Transfer