7 reactors 4g

8/2/2019 7 Reactors 4G

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Future of PowerFuture of PowerReactor DesignsReactor Designs

GEN IV ReactorsGEN IV Reactors

Process Heat ProductionProcess Heat ProductionModular ReactorsModular Reactors


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Gen IV CollaborationGen IV Collaboration

SustainabilitySustainability

EconomicsEconomics

Safety and ReliabilitySafety and Reliability

Proliferation ResistanceProliferation Resistanceand Physical Protectionand Physical Protection


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Goals for Gen IV ReactorsGoals for Gen IV Reactors Sustainability1

Generation IV nuclearenergy systems will

provide sustainableenergy generationthat meets clean air

objectives andpromotes long-termavailability of systemsand effective fuelutilization for

worldwide energyproduction.

Sustainability2

Generation IV nuclear

energy systems willminimize and managetheir nuclear waste andnotably reduce thelong-term stewardship

burden, therebyimproving protectionfor the public health

and the environment.


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Goals for Gen IV ReactorsGoals for Gen IV Reactors

Economics1 Generation IV nuclear

energy systems will

have a clear life-cyclecost advantage overother energy sources.

Economics2

Generation IV nuclear

energy systems willhave a level offinancial risk

comparable to otherenergy projects.

Safety and Reliability1 Generation IV nuclear

energy systems operations

will excel in safety andreliability.

Safety and Reliability2 Generation IV nuclear

energy systems will have a

very low likelihood anddegree of reactor coredamage.


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Goals for Gen IV ReactorsGoals for Gen IV Reactors

Safety andReliability3

Generation IV nuclearenergy systems willeliminate the need for

offsite emergencyresponse.

Proliferation Resistanceand PhysicalProtection1

Generation IV nuclearenergy systems willincrease the assurance that

they are a very unattractiveand the least desirableroute for diversion or theft

of weapons-usablematerials, and provideincreased physical

protection against acts ofterrorism.


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Gen IV ReactorsGen IV Reactors

GFRGFR GasGas--Cooled Fast ReactorCooled Fast Reactor

LFRLFR LeadLead--Cooled Fast ReactorCooled Fast Reactor

MSRMSR Molten Salt ReactorMolten Salt Reactor

SFRSFR SodiumSodium--Cooled Fast ReactorCooled Fast Reactor SCFRSCFR SupercriticalSupercritical--WaterWater--CooledCooled

ReactorReactor VHTRVHTR Very High Temperature ReactorVery High Temperature Reactor


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GasGas--Cooled Fast ReactorCooled Fast Reactor

(GFR)(GFR) Fast NeutronFast Neutron

(2 Orders of Magnitude(2 Orders of MagnitudeGreater FissionGreater Fission

Efficiency than ThermalEfficiency than Thermal

Reactors)Reactors)

Helium CoolantHelium Coolant

High ConversionHigh Conversion

Efficiency of ProcessEfficiency of Process

HeatHeat

600600 MWtMWt

~48% Efficiency~48% Efficiency

UPuCUPuC//SiCSiC (70/30)(70/30)

~20%~20% PuPu 90 bar Pressure90 bar Pressure

490490850 C850 C


8/31http://nuclear.inl.gov/gen4/


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LeadLead--Cooled Fast ReactorCooled Fast Reactor

(LFR)(LFR) Fast NeutronFast Neutron PbPb oror PbPb--Bi AlloyBi Alloy

CoolantCoolant Variable ReactorVariable Reactor

SizesSizesBatteryBattery

ModularModularLargeLarge

12512536003600 MWtMWt

Metal Alloy orMetal Alloy orNitride FuelNitride Fuel

AtmosphericAtmosphericPressurePressure

~550 C~550 C


10/31http://nuclear.inl.gov/gen4/


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Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)

Fission Power in aFission Power in aMolten Salt MaterialMolten Salt Material

Uranium andUranium andPlutonium FluoridesPlutonium FluoridesDissolved in MoltenDissolved in Molten

Na orNa or ZrZr FluorideFluoride Low Vapor PressureLow Vapor Pressure

= Low Stress on= Low Stress onPipesPipes

Online RefuelingOnline Refueling

10001000 MWeMWe ~44~4450%50%

EfficiencyEfficiency 565565850 C850 C

GraphiteGraphite

ModeratorModerator


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http://nuclear.inl.gov/gen4/


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SodiumSodium--Cooled Fast ReactorCooled Fast Reactor

(SFR)(SFR) Fast NeutronFast Neutron Optimized Use ofOptimized Use of

Uranium FuelUranium Fuel

Variable ReactorVariable Reactor

SizesSizes Mixed Oxide (MOX)Mixed Oxide (MOX)

oror UPuZrUPuZr Metal FuelMetal Fuel

1000100050005000 MWtMWt

AtmosphericAtmosphericPressurePressure

530530550 C550 C


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S iti lSupercritical W tWater C l dCooled


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SupercriticalSupercritical--WaterWater--CooledCooled

Reactor (SCWR)Reactor (SCWR) Operate Above theOperate Above the

Critical Point of WaterCritical Point of Water

Thermal or FastThermal or FastNeutronsNeutrons

Reduced Volume ofReduced Volume ofCoolant System andCoolant System andEquipment (Pumps)Equipment (Pumps)

No Boiling or SteamNo Boiling or SteamIssuesIssues

Smaller Plant DesignSmaller Plant Design

17001700 MWeMWe

~44% Efficiency~44% Efficiency UOUO22 FuelFuel

2525 MPaMPa

280280510 C510 C

T > 647.13 K

> 0.322 g/cm

P > 220.55 bar


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VeryVery--HighHigh--Temperature ReactorTemperature Reactor

(VHTR)(VHTR) Can Generate HydrogenCan Generate Hydrogen

and Electricityand Electricity Deployable in RefineriesDeployable in Refineriesto Generate Largeto Generate Large

Amounts of ProcessAmounts of ProcessHeatHeat

Graphite ModeratorGraphite Moderator

Helium CoolantHelium Coolant

Similar toSimilar to PebblebedPebblebed--

Reactor Plant DesignReactor Plant Design

600600 MWtMWt

>50% Efficiency>50% Efficiency ZrCZrC CoatedCoated

Particles (TRISO)Particles (TRISO)

FuelFuel

6406401000 C1000 C


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Beyond Electricity GenerationBeyond Electricity Generation

District HeatingDistrict Heating

Industrial HeatingIndustrial Heating

Saltwater DesalinationSaltwater Desalination

BituminBitumin ExtractionExtraction

Tar Sand / Oil Shale ExtractionTar Sand / Oil Shale Extraction

Coal LiquefactionCoal Liquefaction

Hydrogen Production (SI Process)Hydrogen Production (SI Process)

PlugPlug--in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEN)in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEN)



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Systems distributeSystems distribute

steam or hot watersteam or hot water

to multipleto multiple

buildingsbuildings

Primary method forPrimary method forhousehold heatinghousehold heating

in the Russianin the RussianFederation (80%)Federation (80%)

http://geothermal.marin.org/
http://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htmhttp://geothermal.marin.org/GEOpresentation/sld091.htm


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Industrial HeatingIndustrial Heating


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SaltwaterSaltwater

DesalinationDesalination


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Fossil Fuel Extraction & RecoveryFossil Fuel Extraction & Recovery

http://www.ags.gov.ab.ca/ http://ostseis.anl.gov/guide/tarsands/index.cfm


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Mining Albertas Oil SandsMining Albertas Oil Sands

Steam assisted gravitySteam assisted gravitydrainage bitumen extractiondrainage bitumen extraction

Requires steam at 2Requires steam at 2--66 MPaMPa

Currently produced byCurrently produced byburning natural gas (18 % ofburning natural gas (18 % ofthe energy content of thethe energy content of themined bitumen)mined bitumen)

ScaleScalein Albertain Alberta

Current: 1.1Current: 1.1 MbblMbbl/ day of/ day ofbitumenbitumen

2010: 22010: 2 MbblMbbl/ day/ day

2030: 52030: 5 MbblMbbl/ day/ day

(Ref: Alberta Chamber of(Ref: Alberta Chamber ofResources)Resources)

An ACRAn ACR--700 can supply steam700 can supply steamfor 0.22for 0.22 MbblMbbl/ day; or steam +/ day; or steam +

electricityelectricity

Cap Rock (shale & glacial till) 250m thickSteamChambers

UnrecoveredHeavy Oil

6mo6mo

2yr2yr

5yr5yr

8yr8yr

10yr10yr

~ 1 kilomet er~ 200m


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Coal LiquefactionCoal Liquefaction

HydrogenHydrogen


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HydrogenHydrogen

ProductionProduction

SS II Th h i lTh h i l


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SS--IIThermochemicalThermochemical

WaterWater--Splitting CycleSplitting Cycle


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Advanced HAdvanced H22 Plant DesignPlant Design


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Multiple Energy SolutionsMultiple Energy Solutions


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PlugPlug--in Hybrid Electric Vehiclein Hybrid Electric Vehicle


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Nuclear Power around the WorldNuclear Power around the World

Expand nuclear energy whileExpand nuclear energy whilepreventing spread of sensitive fuelpreventing spread of sensitive fuelcycle technologycycle technology

Fuel Cycle NationsFuel Cycle NationsOperateOperateboth nuclear power plants andboth nuclear power plants andfuel cycle facilitiesfuel cycle facilities

Reactor NationsReactor NationsOperate onlyOperate onlyreactors, lease and return fuelreactors, lease and return fuel

7 reactors 4g

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