7 chapter 07 telecommunications network

Chapter -07

Telecommunications Network

Management Information Systems Page 91

Chapter 7 Telecommunication Networks

7.1 Introduction to Telecommunication Networks

A computer environment that consists of multiple computers and printers can be connected

together to exchange data and information. Such a group of connected computers and devices is

called a network.

Telecommunication is the exchange of information in any form (voice, data, text, images, audio,

and video) over computer-based networks.1 A Telecommunications Network is a collection of

terminals, links and nodes which connect to enable telecommunication between users of the

terminals. Each terminal in the network has a unique address so messages or connections can be

routed to the correct recipients. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address

space.2

The links connect the nodes together and are themselves built upon an underlying transmission

network which physically pushes the message across the link, using circuit switched, message

switched or packet switched routing.

Telecommunication in the modern era is the science and practice of transmitting information by

electromagnetic means.

In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke

signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages such as

coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. In modern times, telecommunications

involves the use of electrical devices such as the telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, as well as

the use of radio, microwave transmission towers, fiber optics, orbiting satellites and the Internet,

which is a vast world-wide computer network.

A revolution in wireless telecommunications began in the first decade of the 1900s with

pioneering developments in radio communications by Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi.

Marconi won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 for his efforts. Other highly notable pioneering

inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include

Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Edwin

Armstrong, and Lee de Forest (radio), as well as John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth

(television).

A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to

exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing devices (network nodes) pass data

to each other along data connections. The connections (network links) between nodes are

established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the

Internet.

Network devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes. Nodes can

include hosts such as servers and personal computers, as well as networking hardware. Two

devices are said to be networked when a device is able to exchange information with another

device.



7.2 What is Telecommunications Network? Write different types of

Telecommunications network with examples. Explain.

A network is group of two or more computer systems linked together using wires are or radio

waves over a geographical area. Telecommunication is the exchange of information in any form

(voice, data, text, images, audio, and video) over computer-based networks.3 A

Telecommunications Network used for telephone calls between two or more arties. There are a number of different types of telephone network:

a) A fixed line network where the telephones must be directly wired into a single telephone

exchange. This is known as the public switched telephone network or PSTN.

b) A wireless network where the telephones are mobile and can move around anywhere

within the coverage area.

c) A private network where a closed group of telephones are connected primarily to each

other and use a gateway to reach the outside world. This is usually used inside companies

and call centers and is called a private branch exchange (PBX).

Public Telephone Operators (PTO) own and build networks of the first two types and provide

services to the public under license from the national government. Virtual Network Operators

(VNO) lease capacity wholesale from the PTO and sell on telephony service to the public

directly.

Telecommunications networks are:

a) Computer networks

b) The Internet

c) The telephone network

d) The global Telex network

e) The aeronautical ACARS network



7.3 Define Telecommunications Network and explain the Telecommunications

Network Models with examples.

A telecommunication network is group of two or more computer systems linked together using

wires are or radio waves over a geographical area. Telecommunication is the exchange of

information in any form (voice, data, text, images, audio, and video) over computer-based

networks.4

Telecommunication is communication at a distance by technological means, particularly through

electrical signals or electromagnetic waves. Early telecommunication technologies included

visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical

heliographs. Other examples of pre-modern telecommunications include audio messages such as

coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. Electrical and electromagnetic

telecommunication technologies include telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, networks, radio,

microwave transmission, fiber optics, communications satellites and the Internet.

All telecommunication networks model are made up of 5 (five) basic components that are

present in each network environment regardless of type or use. These basic components include

Terminals, Telecommunications processors, Telecommunications channels, Computers, and

Telecommunications control software:5

Channels

1) Terminals are the starting and stopping points in any telecommunication network

environment. Any input or output device that is used to transmit or receive data can

be classified as a terminal component.

2) Telecommunications processors support data transmission and reception between

terminals and computers by providing a variety of control and support functions. (i.e.

convert data from digital to analog and back)

3) Telecommunications channels are the way by which data is transmitted and

received. Telecommunication channels are created through a variety of media of

which the most popular include copper wires and coaxial cables (structured cabling).

Fiber-optic cables are increasingly used to bring faster and more robust connections

to businesses and homes.

4) In a telecommunication environment Computer server are connected through media

to perform their communication assignments.

5) Telecommunications control software is present on all networked computers and is

responsible for controlling network activities and functionality.

Early networks were built without computers, but late in the 20th century their switching centers

were computerized or the networks replaced with computer networks.

Terminals Telecommunication Server Computer and Software

Processor Processor



7.4 Define Internet. What are the business values of Internet? What are the differences

among Internet, Intranet and Extranet?

The Internet is an International Telecommunication Systems or international network of

computers. Internet is called network over network. The Internet is basically a very big Wide

Area Network (WAN). It was originally developed by the US Government to improve

communication between its military computers. If a cable is cut down, the information will take

another ways.

The business values of the Internet:

The Internet has become the largest and most important network of networks today, and has

evolved into a global information superhighway. The Internet is constantly expanding, as more

and more businesses and other organizations and their customer, business partners, users, and

networks join its global web.

Internet is a public network. It is the collection of inter connected networks. It is a network of

networks which is capable of communicating with computers on other network and sending data,

files and other information back and forth. The internet connects tens of thousands of

independent networks into a vast global Internet. It is probably the Largest Wide Area Network.

E-commerce websites to achieve six major business values of the Internet:-

a) Generate new revenue from online sales b) Reduces costs through online sales and customer support. c) Attract new customers via web marketing and advertising



d) Increase the loyalty of existing customers via new customer service e) Develop new web-based markets f) Develop new information-based products accessible on the web.

7.4 What are the types of Telecommunication network? Explain.

A computer network is group of two or more computer systems linked together using wires are

or radio waves over a geographical area. A wide are network spans a large physical distance. A

wide area network is geographically dispersed telecommunication network.

The data network is used extensively throughout the world to connect individuals and

organizations. Data networks can be connected to allow users seamless access to resources that

are hosted outside of the particular provider they are connected to. The Internet is the best

example of many data networks from different organizations all operating under a single address

space.

Terminals attached to TCP/IP networks are addressed using IP addresses. There are different

types of IP address, but the most common is IP Version 4. Each unique address consists of 4

integers between 0 and 255, usually separated by dots when written down, TCP/IP are the

fundamental protocols that provide the control and routing of messages across the data network.

There are many different network structures that TCP/IP can be used across to efficiently route

messages. There are different type

g) Wide Area Networks (WAN) h) Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) i) Local Area Networks (LAN) j) Campus Area Networks (CAN) k) Virtual Private Networks (VPN) l) Peer to Peer network m) Client Server/ Server based Network

7.5 What is Wide Area Network (WAN)? Explain.



A wide area network (WAN) connects a number of computers located at a greater distance from

one another. A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a broad area (i.e., any

telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries)

using private or public network transports. Business and government entities utilize WANs to

relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations.

In essence, this mode of telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily

function regardless of location. The Internet can be considered a WAN as well, and is used by

businesses, governments, organizations, and individuals for almost any purpose imaginable.

7.6 What is Virtual Private Network (VPN)? Discuss advantages and with figure.

A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network and the resources contained in the

network across public networks like the Internet. It enables a host computer to send and receive

data across shared or public networks as if it were a private network with all the functionality,

security and management policies of the private network. This is done by establishing a virtual

point-to-point connection through the use of dedicated connections, encryption, or a combination

of the two. The VPN connection across the Internet is technically a wide area network (WAN)

link between the sites but appears to the user as a private network linkhence the name "virtual private network".



A virtual private network (VPN) is a way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g.

internet) to provide secure access to an organizations network. By contrast, traditional WAN connections are made by means of dedicated communications equipment and dedicated leased

lines. Although VPNs may not provide the same data-transfer performance as a dedicated-line

WAN, there are some advantages that a VPN has over a dedicated-line WAN that have made

VPN increasingly popular. The most obvious advantage is the cost of implementation. Since

VPNs use the Internet as the backbone, there is no need to lay cable or lease dedicated lines

between the remote sites needing to connect. This eliminates an incredible amount of overhead.

With a conventional dedicated-line network, an additional Internet connection would be

required. Using a VPN, businesses can network remote offices into one large WAN and provide

access to the internet.

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a secure network connection that enables you to access the

University Network. This method of connecting to the university Network uses an encrypted

"tunnel" to pass the data over the internet. It is this that makes your connection as secure as being

within the boundaries of the University Network.

Advantages

1) Data is very secure within the VPN "tunnel" it would be impossible for the data to be

tampered with in transit.

2) You can have access to all your work files and software without having to physically

move them.

3) You have access to all the online services the same as if you were on the campus.

4) Mapping drives - to access your files, you will need to connect to the server on which

the files are stored (this is called 'mapping drives').

5) File store - find out the different ways you can store and share your files.

7.7 What is a peer-to-peer (P2P) Network? Explain with figure



A peer-to-peer network, there are no dedicated servers, and there is no hierarchy, there

are no password or security among the computers. All computers are equal and therefore

are known as peers. A peer-to-peer (abbreviated to P2P) computer network is one in which each computer in the

network can act as a client or server for the other computers in the network, allowing shared

access to various resources such as files, folder, peripherals, and sensors without the need for a

central servers. P2P networks can be set up within the School, college, University labs, home, a business, or over the Internet. Each network type requires all computers in the network to use the

same or a compatible program to connect to each other and access files and other resources

found on the other computer. P2P networks can be used for sharing content such as audio, video,

data, or anything in digital format.

When accomplishing any task, there is usually more than one way to get the job done, sometimes

even thousands of different ways. When trying to connect more than one computer together there

are also many different ways to get the job done. Some ways are better than others in certain

situations, and it is very beneficial to get started in the right direction when networking

computers, not just because of usefulness, but also because of security issues.

7.8 What is Client-Server Networks? What are the benefits of Client server network in new

technology? Explain.

A client-server network is a system where one or more computers called clients connect to a

central computer named a server to share or use resources. Each client computer must use an

operating system that allows it to be identified to participate in the network.

The Client-Server network model usually consists of one or more server computers that provide

services and information to a number of workstation computers. These services can consist of

many different roles, including: file services, web services, email services, domain name lookup

services, document version system services, Internet sharing services, etc. A great example of the

Client-Server network model is actually the World Wide Internet. On the Internet clients, or

computer with web browsers, access web sites that are hosted on servers.



7.9 Write company wise mobile user in Bangladesh with graph.

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

30000000

35000000

40000000

45000000

GP B.Link Robi Airtel Teletalk Citicell

Company wise Mobile users in BD

Series1

Upto August 31, 3013

Total number of Mobile users in Bangladesh- 10,50,51000

Total number of Internet users in Bangladesh- 3,56,31,269

Company-wise Mobile users in Bangladesh

Grameen Phone - 439, 67000

Banglalink - 270, 76000

Robi - 228, 97000

Airtel - 78, 21000

TeleTalk - 19,08000

Citicell - 13,83000



Questions

1. What is Telecommunications Network? Write different types of Telecommunications

Network with examples. Explain.

2. Define Telecommunications Network and explain the Telecommunications Network

Model with examples.

3. Define Telecommunication. Write five basic components of Telecommunication

Network Model.

4. Define Internet. Write business values of Internet. What are the Intranet, and Extranet?

Explain.

5. What are the types of Telecommunication Network? Explain.



6. What are the LAN, WAN, VPN, Peer to Peer Network, and Server Based Network?

with explain and figure.

7. What is Topology? Write different types of Topology. (Star, BUS, Ring, Mesh

and Hybrid Topologies)

8. What is Protocol? Write about different types of protocols, function of protocols.

(TCP/IP, WWW, HTTP, FTP, Gopher, Telnet etc.)

9. Write company wise mobile user in Bangladesh with chart.

10. What is Client-Server Networks? What are the benefits of Client server network?

11. What is a peer-to-peer (P2P) network? Explain with figure

12. What is Virtual Private Network (VPN)? Discuss advantages and with figure.

References books:

1 O Brien, James A.(2004). Management Information Systems, New Delhi:Tata McGraw-Hill Publication Co. Ltd. P. 104

2 O'Brien, J. A. & Marakas, G. M. (2008). Management Information Systems, New York: McGraw-

Hill Irwin.p.161



5 O Brien, James A.(2004). Management Information Systems, New Delhi:Tata McGraw-Hill Publication Co. Ltd. P. 116 [[[

4 Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon (2001) of Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm

10th ed

7 chapter 07 telecommunications network

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