6~z66 1:; i - cgiarciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/ciat_digital/ciat/books/historical/114.pdf · i...

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

6~Z66

I Systemwide Livestock Initiative I

COLECCiON ifISIORIC~

Project Proposal

1":;

¡JI .l

Improved Legume-based Feeding Systems for Smallholder Dual-purpose Cattle Production in Tropical Latin America

Submitted through the CGIAR Ecoregional Program for Tropical South America on behalf of Tropíleche, a consortium comprísed of:

CIAT ILRI Comell Vníversity

IVITA, INIA, CODESV (pero) ECAG, CATIE, MAG, VCR, UNCR (Costa Rica)

October 1995

I I I I I I I I I I ~I

I I I I I I I I

¡ -

¡ f?f~OWV 1I

I V&iZ(,b ; U COtECClON rnSTORlCA ¡

_i

Systemwide Livestock Initiative

Project Proposal

Improved Legume-based Feeding Systems for Smallholder Dual-purpose Cattle Production in Tropical Latin A.merÍca

Submitted through the CGIAR Ecoregiona! Program for Tropical Soutb America on behalf of Tropileche, a consortium comprised of:

CIAT lLRI Comen Universíty

I\lTA, INIA, CODESU (peru) ECAG, CATIE, MAG, UCR, UNCR (Costa Rica)

October 1995

I I I I ASB

CA.H CATIE

I CGIAR CIAT CIFOR

I CNCPS CODESL"

I CO~iDES~" CORPOICA EAP

I ECAG El\IffiRAPA F'vNZ-L"ADY

I GIS IARC ICRAF

I IDRC IFPRI IICA

I ILRI INIA IVITA

I LPG LL'P MAG

I NAR NGO ODA

I PASOLAC PRM PROFRIJOL

I RIEPT SU

I TFP THP TLP

I TSBP UCR UFU

I UNCR

I

Acronyms

Altematives to Slash and Bum Consortium Central American Hillsides Consortium Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Consultative Group on International Agriculrural Research Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical Centre for International Forestry Research Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model Consorcio para Desarrollo Sostenible de Ucayali Consorcio para el Desarrollo Sostenible de la Ecoregión Andina Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Escuela Centroamericana de Ganadería Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria Facultad de "Vledicina Veterinaria. Uníversidad Autónoma de Yucatán Geographical Information Systems Intemational Agricultural Research Center Intemational Centre for Research in Agroforestry Intemational Development Research Center International Food Pol!cy Research Institute Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para Agricultura Intemational Livestock Research Institute Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura Livestock Program Group (CGIAR) Land Use Program, CIAT Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería National Agricultural Research Institution Non-Government Organization Overseas Development Administration Programa para la Agricultura Sostenible en Laderas de América Central Programa Regional de ¡'vlaÍz Programa Cooperativo Regional de Frijol para Centroamérica, Mexico y El Caribe Red Internacional de Evaluación de Pastos Tropicales Systemwide Livestock Initiative (CGIAR) Tropical Forages Program, CIAT Tropical Hillsides Program, CIAT Tropical Lowlands Program, CIAT Tropical Soil Biology Program Universidad de Costa Rica Universidad Federal de Uberlandia Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica


Table of Contents

SUMMARY INFORl'VIATION

Title and Executive Summary Convening Center and ¡ARC research staff Collaborating institutions Project location Project duration

PROJECT PROPOSAL

l. Justification and literature review

2/3. Research needs and contribution of project to their resolution

4. Project description

5. Relation oí' objectives to criteria for the SU

6. Workplan

7. Outputs

8. Costs and financing

9. Organization and management

10. Monitoring arrangements

11. Environmental impact

APPENDlCES

1. Cosí schedule

2. Collaborating institutions

3. Benchmark sites

4. Literature references

Page No.

11

11

IV

IV

1

4

9

14

22

25

28

31

31

A1..IIA1..8

A2 .. IIA2 .. 10

A3 .. l/A3 . .3

A4 .. l/A4 . .3


SLiVDL-\.RY INFOR-,gTION

1. Project Title: Improved legume-based feeding systems for smallholder dual-purpose cattle production in tropical Latin .-\¡nerica

Executive Surnmary: Dual purpose cattle eomprise 78% ofche eattk and produce .. 1 % 01 :he milk in tropical Latin America and are largely found in small farms where pasture is ¡he main feed source. The main iimitations to increased produe!ivit;; are the suppl;; and quality cf feed, the genetie potential of the apjmals for milk production aná manageme!1t. Livestock are often associated 1,vith degradation oE the natural resource base OeC3.1¡Se of overgrazing , or clelfing of forest to either replace degraded ~and ;Jr far \ve3hh acquisiticn.

Research 011 ror3.ge im?fOVement has produced impro,,-ed gr1sses and legumes :hat have the potential to overcome [eec limitations. =n particular, herbacecus ane shrtlb legumes coulci pr0,;-i¿e high quality feed and contribute co soil improvement. Apan rfom demonstrations of ¡he pote!1tial OI these improved forages, there has been \ittle researen. lO incorporate them lnto feed S\'stems in assoeiation wit11 ~xisting feed sources Limitations are 1 lack of know!edge of compieme!1tarity o:~ f~~:: sccr:eS ~,:d tl:e dif5cl:lt~: ~n ccnducting research en feed utiliz:lIion on-t~lIT:1 or 1:1 1

It Is proposed th:.1r research be carríed out on m~tching of fccd resourc:es aná developing indtcators of and response to ove::-coming nutrient detlcienc:c$ througn t'eeding and grazing tr:als ccr,.ó.:ctec on-st,:nicn m¿ Cn-f:.1f::1 and -~vhich :.1ti!ize leg~:me-based fCl"2ge systems. The :~search \vould be carried out at bencnmark sir,:::; in LOI~unction '.'iith caübrJtlon of existing rum':::ant m¿ feed system models and characterization of land use and socio-eeonomic pararneters which used together wouId facilitate the extrapoIation of results.

Tne researen wlll be ccnducted bv a consortium, Tropileche. which wil! integrate its actÍvities wj¡h ¡hose oI' the eeoregional eonsortia - Alrernarives to Slash and Burn, Central A.merican Hiilsides, Savannas and Condesan - within the CGIA.R Ecoregional Program for Tropical South America. The partners in Tropileche are the IARC Centers, CIAT and ILRl, Comell Uníversity ~nd two groups of national organizations from Costa Rica and Peru. Research responsibilities ,<¡i:I be assigned aecording to eomparative advantage as to scientific caoability, existing facilities a;¡d suitability of the site for tbe prcposed research. Active research linkages wil! be devele~ed witb. researeh institutions in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexieo and Venezueb whe could become partners in Tropileche. Dissemination of research will be through these Iinkages, national and NGO extension sen'ices and a newsletter.

The project will utilize the existing capability of CIAT in forage development and land use and socio-economic characterization, of ILRl in livestock production and genetics, of Comell in ruminant and feed system modelling, and of national organizalions in forage agronomy, animal nutrition and livestock production. The SU funds would be used to fund research (phD students) and technieal personneI, supplies and services, travel expenses and liaison activities. Tangible outputs will be achieved within three years but it is anticipated the project will need lo continue for a longer period 10 fully achieve the objectives.

2. (a) Convening Center: CIAT, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia

(b) Research staff in L\RC's:

CIAT.· CE Lascar:o (Animal Nutrition-Project Coordinaror) P.l Argel and p, C. Kerridge (Forage Agronomy), IV, Bell (GlS Systems), S, F:1jisIlI;a C"-gricub.:ral Anth,opclogy), J. Smith (Economics), R. Thomas ("utrient Cvcling)

ILRl: ID ce recr'.lited, li'\.'estock procuction spec.lllist ('7l. T~crpe J.ssist-ed in P:-oject design)

3. (a) :"lames of colJaborating lnstitutions: (se~ ."-ppe::ó" 2 fer comac! dec:!i's)

CS."-: Depar:mem af ,,,-nimai Science, Comeil 'Crjyersity

?-;::-c: r'/ll_\ ()n.::L:uto V,:~eri:-.2.[Io de In',-:;stigacicTI~s TrcricQ.l~s y ¿~ _-\..:.LUra) Dt-\. (Tns~:lJto :0J;:c:cnd de Ir.\-es'(:gJ.cicn .-\;!"2.ria) CODESU (Consorcio rara el Des~r:-Dllo S0st~:,~~bI~ de CCJyaE)

C0S~J. Aica: ECAG (E$c:.reL.l CcGwcam.éricZillZl d~ Gan;l¿e;:-i~l) CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) i\L-\G (:\linisterio de Agricultura y Ganadería) ODA (Oyerseas Development Administration) CCR (Universidad de Costa Rica)

3. (b) :"lames and specialisation of rcsearch collaborators:

eSA Comell University - K\V. BI:¡,\:e (Livestock 5ystem \!a¿dIíng)

Peru: I\lT . .\ - F, San M:lftin (Animal Nutritian); \L de la Torre (Livestock Production) j}.¡lA - J. Vda (Forage Agronomy) CODESU- J.M, Toledo (Forage Agronomy, Institutional Linkages) CIAT - K. Reátegui (Forage Agronomy)

Costa Rica: ECAG - F, Romero (Animal Production) CATIE - M, lbrahim (Forage Agronomy) MAG - J. Morales (Animal Nutritian) ODA - S, MacLennan (Animal Production) UCR - 1. Sánchez (Animal Nutrition)

11



111

3. (c) Proposed role of collaboraling institutions:

The proposed role of collaborating inslitutions was decided at a consultarían heló 7-8 July al eIAT. The natianal collabarating institutions wil! work together with ClAT, ILRI and Comellto address rhe strategic and applied-research issues in a complemenrary manner. Comell will provide for enrollment and supervision of PhD studenls who will undertake much of the strategic research under the external supervisicn of ClA T ,mó ILRI scientists.

Colombia:

Cl..\T

ILRl

Cor:1eil

Peru:

Stratezic researeh on :-eed utilizatian ¡hrougn feeding and grazinz ¡rials will be condu~¡ed at ¡he Quiliciao researcn stalian: and lab';ratory- and GIS anaiyses al

CIAT HQ aL Paimira.

- averall caorciinalicn - feeding trials, lacc:atof'j analyses

deyelopment cf 'l.~iGal indicators of nulrient states coordination :lnd :cmpilation of dbgnostic GIS land use 3.t.d se ::lo-ec:ncolc data. base of benc~::lark sites Supervision cf Iíy¿::::tock !Jíoductic-n research at bencbmarJ: sit.es

• • I ~ ,.,

grazmg In;:l.1S al ~1..::11cnuo cJ.l:oration OI~ ~'1l[;1_:_tlant r~~G ;no¿el

- optimization modding to evaluate altemacive tecnnologies - c;ntribute to evall12¡jo~l of animal x nutrition interactia~s

St:-.'"!.te!Iic rese~rc~ ::-r: drv se~son feed SUDDtementation \vill be conducted at ECA.e, appEed research on matching fe;cÍ resaurces for the drj se:1son in onfarm trials, environmental impact in an-farm sites, and diagnostic land use and soeio-economie chancterization in the regian.

ILRliCIAT ECAG/UCR !,[AG/ODNCATIE CCR/lJNCMVL-\G CIAT

- Design and supervision af strat"gic researen - Strategic dry seasan supp!emenration tria!s - On-farm trials - Diagnostic studies - Demand and acceptabílity studies

Coraell - Assist in design of on-farm trials

Srrategíc research on genotype x feed quality interactlon will be conduc:ed at the ¡VITA researen staticn, applied research on development of pro¿uctive md sustainable grass-Iegume pastures in on-farm trials, environmental impact measured in en-farm sites and diagnastic studies of land use and socioeconomics and environmental impacr in the regien as a who]e.

ILRIJCIAT IVITA ININCIAT CODESU CIAT Camell

- Design and supervision of researeh trials - Genotype x feed interaetian research - On-farm trials - Assist with diagnostie studies - Demand and aeceptability studies - Assist with evaluation of genotype x feed interactlons

IV

Tile choice of coUaborating organizations followed considerations of existíng research linkages, priorities fo[ research, and a combL-í.ation of suitability of fue benchmark site \vlth capability oE crgQrjz-:nicns at these sites. It ~,-vas Got feasible to include organjz:ltions from all countries in Tropíleche. CIAT has or is deveioping linkages ,vith researcÍl groups in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico and Venezuela. This indudes Ih'1kages wíth prívate (Nestle in Colombia) and NGO (Ledye in Honduras) associations. Tropileche wíU mah'1tain active linkages witb mese groups.

3. (d) Formalizatian of partnerships:

I I I I I I

R~search :-esponsibi1üies ¡vill ce ::-~:)nrlaiized ':l~rough Lerzers OI l":nd~rst~j:¡:g ocn-veen CL-\.T, the I I::::ad Ce':':ef, anc the colbbor3.tÍng Ü"ist1tutions.

-l. Project Lúcaríans: Quiiicko and Palmira, Colo;;1oia Central Pacific Regien, Cosca Rio P~callp~l. Peru

5. 5rarting and iinlshing ¿.ues:

It is ?ianned w commer:ce tne projeC! in Jar~1Jary 1996 aGd ~i~ish in Dece-r::ser 1998,

S~bject ro ap~rcval of [he projecL a meeting of ¡:he Executi~\:e Ccmmiüee CI~ Tropilecae í.\'Qulci be held in Decemoer ¡ 995 ro make 5uggested revisions te ¡he project, evaluare ,ese aren proposals :ram censerJum members and plan ceordination of activities.

\Vhile a significao! contribu!ian wiII be made tDwards achíeving lhe Prcjeet Purpose within mree years, it is recognized lhat ai! asveets el' the research wiIi no! be compieted. Thus the projecL wil! be assessed ime~alIy after 30 months in arder to arrive at a new set oE intermediate objectives to attf.1C: cOútínuing donor funding.

I I I I I I I I I I I I


PROJECT PROPOSAL

Project Title: Improved legume-based feeding systems for smallholder dual-purpose cattle productiou in tropical Latin America.

1. Jusrification aud Literawre Review

Dual purpose cattle production is an imponant activiry of small [armers in most regions of tropical Latin America. Hmvever. traditíonal sysrems are often marginal in an economic sense (Riesco et al. 1982) and follmv land use practices that are not considered susIainable L'l me long termo In panicular. mis applies lO duaí purpose canje production in me eropical hiilside ares> Jl1d forest margins (Pezo er aL, 1992: Toledo and Formoso. 1993). Tile main limiíations to increased productivity are che supply and quality of feed, the milk production perentíal ol' me animals arra managec.ent. Resear,:h has ~dent:i::e¿ impro·,'ed grasses ar .. d legumes \vith the pctential :0 inc:-e~se liveslcck producüvity per unir area of land (CL~ T 1.99:) -.:vbich l,vcul¿ allow' alter:1aú .... :e ~an¿ '.l3e

ro liveslock on lhe more fragüe areas of rhe landscape. Tiley can be imegrated Wilh annual GOp

(T~oras el al. 1995) or lree croos (Veiga and Serrao 1990) as a component 01' suslainaüle land :.!s~ s=:s~er.:s. :-,b~c!' E=:t2.~:c::s t·:] \vicespre::c 2.do~t:C'n 2.re :l lac:< of in.fonTIation on the:r u:ili=:i~ion ana intcf;r;:u:ion intJ cxisl:ing feeé syste:TIS, md :er::onst:-lte¿ eConor::üc "\/iab::itT Further, as slnallholders are rrequently involved in mixcd crop-livestock system$, decis:...::n making abcut resource use is a complex process. This projeet propcses ro underrake [esearó lhal will remove or cbrifv ¡hese limitations.

Meat and milk are eonsidered a basic part of the diet in Latin America (Jarvis 1986). Tilere was a 12 pereent deiicit in milk production from 1984 to 1991 (CIAT 1993) and a large derlcit of both meat and milk is foreeast bv the year 2000 (Rivas 1994). The livesrock foeus in lhis project is on dual pu¡;ese cattIe beeause they constirute 7S percent of the total cattle and produce 41 percent of the mil:':: ir, tro¡:ic~1 Latín .-I..mericn (Rivas 1992). There is a substantial potemial for increasing lhe present low productivity of 2-4 ¡ milk/cow/day, due to roer quality fooge and low genetie pOlential for milk production, to 6-8 1 miik/co\v//day through matching improved animal genotypes with higher quality feed and improved management (Vacearo de al 1993-1994). i'urtner, ¡here would be a favonbie e'luit]' effeel from improving the welfare of small :':llTI1ers who dominate dual purpose cattle production.

Pasture is lhe dominant feed for cattle in al! regions bul quality is low and feed shortage occurs in areas with long dry seasons. Improved legumes and grasses of high quaJily have the potenlia! to increase beef (Lascano and Estrada 1989) and milk production (Lascano and Avila !991; González 1992); for the larter the response being greater (3 1 milklcow/day) with animals of higher milking potential (Lascano and Avila 1993). These legume-based pastures have been shown lo contribute lO more sustainable land use through N fixation (Ara el al. 1990; Thomas 1995), rapid turnover of P (Oberson el al. 1995) and inereased soi! biological aetivity (Decaens el al. 1994). However, meir utility on farm remains to be evaluated.

Thus lhe key to increased productivity is seen as research to develop feed production and

utilization strategies that wil! allow improved forages lO be combined with natural fora9:es to

optimize the use of both 10 overcome nutrient deficiencies, a stralegy that takes accou;t of options for animal genotype, land use and the ability of lhe rarmer to implemem the new technology. The research needed to achieve this reqcires integration of strategic research on feed utiiization, systems modeiling, diagnostie characterization and applied researeh on-farm,

2

Concclled feeding and grazing trials can provide basie information on matching forage and olher feed cesources to enhanee intake and dígestibilitv, deve!opment of monitoríng teols for inereasin« the efflc:ency of on-fann researc!1" and technical coe:±lcients fer :-'.lmir:ant llutriticn and croplivestce:< optimizaticn mode:s, On-farm researeh is aeeded 'o evaluale the feed mílizatíon str"'t~(J"~T 'l~-1 .... ·-...n~~;¡...,l'+-"" +,-.., 1")..'" ..-l"H,.",10 ,.,,..,..,o.,t "f' m¡-...,..,jtrr;l":r -"('1'1e:. R, r~!l"_, ¡'nont feprl "1nn l¡","ec:toc!' ..... ~_=) ~l!1.<. '-''-' ~,.!.!"" .... ~ .... ~ .1 .... '" "" ... , ,,' :,.~ ....... 1. ''''' .... _-,-,,~(~_~_,._.=. _~~ _ .. __ -'-J :UJ. ___ ~-.... _ .-_ _'"

prcdl:c~on modeis ~~vould indicai:e critical are~ for ;2s~:.1r:b 2lC tcg=t..:er --.vi~: 1;::::2 ~15e :..:-:¿ socio-ccoI1.omic characterizmion allo~N extrapoiaticn DI' L.1.e resu~ts :0 sim.ilar aIe:;1S :n tbc eccregions under study.

Refir:ing ~ethc¿c1ogies fcr on-farnl research 15 seen 25 a T:2jor need. On-farm researen \vitr, f::.riIl;::f pcric:paricn in declslon making is accepted tccJ.y as -:sserLtial for ensuring that 2.prrcp:-i2.te ted:nclogy :s developed and that tt is economic3.iIy viable. \Vhilc a;propriare mcthoGs ~12.Vc bc~n de\:elope¿ for crop research, they 1fe lac;-.:::ng for iivestock researen \\"he!'~ :h~ number of fac:ors and the var:ation are mueh gre:.lter. For cxample, monitor:ng tco~s are requ:red tcr e~,-alu:lting the etfec! of differe:tt feed components OD mllk productjcn. Possibillties couid indude milk or olood constituents such as urea md milk fat acid composition to assess nutririenal stams ef milking cows and lO prediet response trends LO protein (Hammond et aL, 1993) and energy (Slobbs and Brett, 1974) supplemenlalion, These indícators would be used in canjunelion wilh livestoek production models 10 assess technieal interventions,

In these dual purpose eattle production systems, interactions al' eattle genotype and feeding intensity are major determinanls of productivilY and profilabílity, Thus lhe strategic feed urilization sludies and applied on-farm research will be candueted Wilh cows of varying genetic potential for milk production to estimate interaction eifects, Management eonsiderations \vill be laken inlO aecount in L'le on-f~m researeh,

Researeh wiII roeus on improving feed produetion and utilizatian in the seasona!!y dry hillsides of Central America and the forest margins of me Amazonian basin, These ecoregions were selected because lhey are fragile and subject to severe environmental degradation irom variation in lhe management of the livestoek component of lhe farming system, Linkages wil! be developed also Wilh tropical savanna areas in Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia where smallholder dual purpose cattle production is a significan! enterprise,

In the seasonally dry hillsides, the major constraint to increasing milk production is the lack of suitable forage from the native or naturalized pastures during the dry season (Ruiz 1990), Cattle are tumed loose into remaining natural forest on steep areas of the fanns with the result that attempts at re-afforestation have proved dífficult (pROREPI 1994), The introduction of improved grass-Iegume pastures 10 increase the quanlity and quality of forage and leguminous



fodder shrubs for use as supplementation, especiaIly in lhe dry season, would assist in overcoming lhe feed shonage and reduce lhe use of steep slopes. Tne Central Paciiic Region of Costa Rica has been selecled as a benchmark site lhat represents the seasonally dr'] Pacific CDast of Central America and there are good facilities for research in local institutions. The results obtained here can be extrapclated te other seasonally dry tropical areas in Central and South America through land use and economic diagnostic studies made in conjunction with the Cemral America Hillsides (CAH) consortium.

In ¡he [orest margins (defined as areas cleared from primar"y forest). milk production is limited bv tte nualitv cE the :-ofa2e 3.l1G :1-:~ J.2ilit~jr to maintain scs:ainable ?'..r..d orod;"lcüve :Jastures .1 '1 -' _ ~ ...

(Toledo and Formoso 1993). '~'\~illl~ LLlese afeas are also used fcr ar:r..uci and pe:-ennial crop production, no ene system is yet considered susrainabie in ~he longer termo Thus as \vell as investigating the potential for leg1.1:::le-based forages te provide a higher quality diet, there is 3.1so the l1eed te evaluare \vhether they are ccancmicaily and ell'viron:nent:llly sustaicable and ~o "'.Yhat extent [hey compiemem olher componems in a production system. The Pucallpa region in p¡;ru h,lS been se!ected as a benchmark sile for the forest margins. It was seiected because 01 previous rese2r::h ':Jn ::!e':etc~me:1t cf !m~r,:J',-ed leT_lme and grass forages for the are a (Reátegui et al. 19~5:\ lS5CC1J¿cd ecc;~;:C2::J :-ese:::c~ ~!:2.t 15 'Je~::6 ::::::,!'_dll(::e~ b~r ~e;!!be:s (}f !he Alter::2:1Ve ,-" , T" ,--,-" . , 1 ... • , '1' ,.. 1 l' .' R 1 .j.asn ana .o1..;rn ~A~D) consor::ur.a aGíJ. oecause oi tDe cap':¡D~l.i.:y e¡ lCC:.1~ lI:Sl:l"r.l~:Cí...S, 1. .esu~~.3

derived at this s¡!e "viii be directiy applicable to {he .~J1azonian tores! margin areas in Dfazil, Colombia and Ecuador

These ::.\'0 eccsystems JIe cCnSi¿:2ied ~~:lgile :md readily de3r~dable in :m en'."ircnmentc.1 context (Hech! 1993; Karnowitz, undated). In the hillsides, 10ss of vegetation caver through overgrazing can lead to soil erosion, losses in soil fertility and reduced water retention, particularly on the steeper sJopes. In the forest matgins, replacement of the forest by inappropriate grasses with no :lUtr:ent input, ¡carticubrly O~ la"d tYFes not suited for livestock, can lead to losses in soil fertility, weed invasion, and subsequent abandonment of the land. By contfJst, there is good evidence that the intrcduction al' new legume-based forage componenls to imensify livestock production \vill enhance sustainabJe use oí' the forest margin for livestock (Serrao and Toledo 1990) An integral component of ¡he proposed research is therefore :he monitaring of the effect of new forage systems on ¡he environment.

Livestock production is one component in the agro-silvopastoral systems in the majar ecaregions. Thus livestock production, and more explicitly, the introduction of new forage systems wiU be evaluated alongside other forrns of land use and within a frarnework that allows assessment of impact on lhe ecosystem as a whole. This wiU be achieved in association wilh lhe Ecoregional Program for Tropical America and associated consortia. Wilhin the Ecoregional Program it is planned to complete a comprehensive GIS database of land use that includes livestock production and grazing lands. In lhe consortia study areas, land use and economic chatacterization wi11 be carried out. It is proposed to contribute to the characterization of liveslock production systems through this project, thereby integrating livestock research wilh lhe ongoing activities in lhe CAH and ASB Consortia.

3

4

The proposed research on enhancing feed utilization for dual purpose cartle produetion will complement existing IARC aclÍvities in the two ecoregions. At CIAT, it would utilize the results OI~ researcn on identiiícatíon and imprOVeII1cnt of neVi forages for the ecoregions and benefit by lhe researeh in natural resouree management on ,he effee! and role of different land use aclÍvities on sus¡ainabie land use. ICRAF is working through rhe ASB consortium on the identification arrd management of agroforestry systems. IFPRl participates in both the ASB arrd CAH cor:sortia in rhe area of polie:' research. Ar present ¡here is no capability in the area of livestock prcduc:ion, 1nímal genetics or livestOck system3 mcdelling. The project would contribute to overcoming rhis deficiency in rhe short term arrd prcüde rhe oasis for attracting other sources of funding in. t::e medll!m !er~. The ¡:;ro5ect gives ILRl the cp~ortunity to involve itself im.::le¿i~ltely in ccllabo¡-::,ü-:¡e L~'ZC lc:i l llties :n La::~ ~.\.-:: -:-:-ic::.

Tae propasen ccnsortium '.viil ensure rnat na:ional illstiru:~O¡:5 sllari; res¡::onsibility for planill~g and in:ptemei_üng the strategic and applied researcn '.vith :t.e IARC's and an ad"-,,-anced rese2rcn crganiz:J.tion C-\RO). Ihis mtegrated multidiscipIina:y pri)iec~ win brir:g :eleval1t l.,::terIlaticnal 2.r..~ :l2.ticnal crgili1.iz:lti':r:s ~cge:l:er ::1 the cor_scr:iun, 'T~cpi!eche') which '.viD de~relop ne~.v ~echnolcgical componems '.viúlÍn a ~roduc-1ion system con~e~.;:t in a cost effe['tiv~ :nan::Jcf. T ropilecie h.1S been constitu:ed Ll-S a body rn,:.t 1.vÍll i::cilit2te inier -insti:u:ional collacoraticn :0 o··¡erCCGle the major fimitarions that fuce cual purposc c.1ttic o\,vners in tropical i...atin ~-\me:-ica. SLI tlrndi~g lS seen as 'seed' maney to demonstrare :be viabiJity of thc consortium to undeTI:1.l:e strategic and ~pp¡ied reseCtrcl1, the cutputs of \'v·hich ~sill prcvide a basis fer attracting cont:il'.led ii.:nding for it5 actrvities in s traregic. apphed and ad:lptive researen.

2/3. Research and development needs and contribution of project to their resolution

Tl!e limi¡ations thnt fnrmers fa ce in increasing dunl purpo,e cattle prod'.lction haye been menticr..ed above. Tile main constraint ís the quantit:,,- af.d qU2.1ity of feed, thcugh the ge~e~:c potential of aaimals to resrond to irrtproved nutrition and cetter m31lagener.t is also impor:a.-:t. Other constraints include policy issues related to marketing, credit, and securÍiy, aH of whiel! fall outside !he irnmediate :u-ea of rhe proposed research.

Specific res~JIch. needs m¿ the contribution of che rrojec~ to 2ddress priority feed resource cons¡ramrs are:

(í) dvailabilily of slIíiable feed sources for overcoming Ilutrienllimilatiolls for milk production and growlh

PotentiaI forage components have been identified by CIAT and NARS for both the seasooaHy dry tropics and the [orest margins though they have not been evaluated in productioo systems for milk produetioo,

Seasonally dry tropies: available accessions of grasses - Brachiaria dictyoneura and Panicum maximum and legumes - Arachis pintoi, Centrosema macrocarpum and Stylosanthes guianensis (herbaceous species) and Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and Cratylia argenlea (shrubs), Sugaf cane is a usefuI dry season feed source,



5

Forest margins: available accessions of grasses - Brachiaria decumóens, B. dictyoneutCl B. humidicola and PaniCllm mwdmllm and legumes - Arachis pintoi, Centrosema macroc:/rpllm, C. aClItifolillm. Desmodillm ovaliJoiium and Styiosanthes guianensis (herbaceous species) and Coálriocalp gyroides (shrub).

This is a continuing activity of CIAT and tbe :--iARS and wiil be pursued with core funding of the institut:cns. Recent evaluation suggests that ¡here are more productive accessions available than those currently used for large seale planiing. and lbese wilJ be introduced into the projec! on(:e seed supplics are increased. Hov,iever, avaibb le cultivars affer ccnsiderable :ldva::::ages ~ver natiye pasrures and are su¡'5cienüy prcmising ro '.var;:.L.l1 ~hci[ lnclusic-ü in fetc ut:ilizar:cn S~..:~ie5. Trtere is likely ro be further researcn required on identlrlcation 01 rorages rer cir:l seasoa le:;;¿ se~plementaticn.

Conrributicn or~ uraieet: T~le pro~¡ec-: T.vill f:rovide feedback on L1e per:ormance cf avaiL::.ble cultivars, indicar;; ne\v requiremenrs for forages and suggesr priorities fOf expanding s¡;~d prcduction 10 ensure availability of rorage eultívars 10 rarmers.

/lj,i Y"'-"I'I.J,:""O 01' ;'O't' :;]t:-,r;r.'I/r.:-,'} ~(jrn(TOC; rn;r,./u ;',)\,/ "6.;> ¡natc!'E"i ,¡-ji]¡ o,·,-!i.1,·l~l~ l.c,o,·-,~c:o .1,_' -,-~,.l-', ..... ~._" ... " -" , .,., -./L-;,.,-,~~,~ /. _.,'j~~ ' .. ...s'.' v""~ 'v.' ,,~. ,<, ~,y,.,,~¡./,,-,~ .. . '..::-'-

U·l,'·"'-;·""',·I]' '¡l""'~-"'t ,-lJ';;"':e:"';J'~ .r"I' ;>'1""'11"'/ il~e '·,~l'l' ()r~ ':'0-:1 "C"·'(~C:..J -~"'e"1' ·\,-, .... 0 '" ( .U, .... ;. "('-Ji,." ', ... ~ ..... J L,f, _,./J < ....... ti, ·~'v"" '..- .j ¡, j ~.~~ .J~.Jt d.),

Ir 15 ccmn~on ter high quaUty fCfCi;{e 2r other feed :ms:plene!1ts to be fed in one or t\vo meals a da;: e.g,> rro~e~::. banks. Ho\vever, Tesults from contined feeding trials suggesr that in sUF~leme::;.~ing ~1YJibblc fCf:lge SCL!fCeS :0 overcc:ne nutrient de5cie!1cies, it 1S im~ortaet to syr,chronize feeding of the higher quality forage supplement with the basal forage so that the energy and proteín sourees are availab le concurrently. Líkewise it has oeen observed tha¡ small ruminams can make more effieiem use of protein-rieh forage scurees eontaining sorne antiquaiity faetDr (e.g. tannins) when the\' are consumed \Vith o¡her feed than wnen red separateh' in ene or t\Vo mea:s a day. These cose:-"arions need to be evaluated further, partieularly, in grazing sys[ems.

Like\vise with ai! new feed sources, i¡ is important that they are evalu:ned in conjunction wió olher available feed sources beeause [he animal responses Írom diets where feees are consun:d together are pcorly predicted trom the additive eifects oi eaen ingredient.

ContributiDn Df projeet: The project wil! have a major fOCliS on strategic researeh to evaluate the ful! potential of new forages in overeoming nutrient deficieneies when utilized in conjunction with other íorage or feed sources. This wiI1 be earried out in a series of feeding and grazing trails suitably loeated for the problems being addressed. l7lis research wil! resllIt in a m/lch grealer 11l1derslanding of mafching feed resources fo n/minanf livesfoek needs.

(iii) On-farm melhodology lo assess lhe impact of new feed reSOl/rees

There are several reasons \0 carry out on-farm research. Firstly, when farmers are involved in !he researeh process, it is more likely 10 be acknowledged as credible by them. Seeondly, it is

cost effeetive (in o~-staticn reseoreh the overhead cosls are absorbed and tlIus not laken into account) TClirdly, there is immediate feedback on problems of implerr;en~ing Ihe technology being deveIopeci.

6

However, on-farm researen suffers from diffieuIties in interprelation oí' results due lo high variation, olher ractors Ihat may confoUild the factor being investigaled and difticulties in ext"apolalio:l due to on-farm research lending to be site- or farmer-specific. These problems are reduced where objective measurements which retlee! the processes invoived can be made. He:lce it is imponant l'13.t illonitcring tools are l'ilaibble fer cn-f.1[1:} resear.::::.

Ccn.~rlbuticn of ¡][Q1e':t: T':'e pr,:;Ject \vill deT/e1cp !nÓc~:.tC'rs of t~ct!"jen! ~~=-~c~enc~.:'s of ;;-ner3";' 2r:d protein in lac-;:ating COVv'S and :eS¡:C.i1se as th~se defí(:ierü~i¿;s are ccce;:::ed. ~::is -,--',-::1 be ¿e~/e~c:-e:i in conjunction 1vith strategic feeding trials 311d evaluated in on~5tation lr:d C·Q- [ann graz:ng rr:;:L!s.

In collaboraüon \vith CO[:1ell, the prcject \vill use ruminanz nut7i~ion 3J.'1¿ procücúon system op 'r·l,.....,;...,.,.,6c'1 ~~,-,~o.L: r'n -~.;;;:""~<:;;,..,r- ~h", nut-;t:cn~1 ':l'!'1;m",l ""'e~~"rm"nco o-c' "',... ..... na,.,..,i~ "rmn"c+s fr ...... m - .:.llL....;L~.l 1 """.l.'-'U .... ,.., .1 u.~..l .... __ ü.= <- .. !\.. '.l. l,-"l J. ...... , .4~ .... lH¡.. ~J ,.\... J. < .. al '-' ~.~ ........ ....., ~.;.l.1,., 1._;;~ ~ ~~\_~l~

ne~,v :CrJ.ge ;e::cTJr:~s. Il1 dcing SO it ',vill be :1ecessGry :0 de~ive nevv technic;11 cQef5cie:lts tal rhese models for diúeren: feed SGurces and c8ffioinarions OI~ feed sources.

'\Vcr:-:sr.o;JS ~.\'ill be ~1eld "x:~h cO:L-J;Cf2.tcrs to ~nfo;,m and receive feedbad:: en th~ utilitv of Orl

farm reSe:lrcn methcdolog::.

The deve!opmen/ oJ [he indicarors and [he ruminal1l modelll'ill con/ribute ro matching lives/ock nu/rien! reqllirements andfeed resources.

(h) Forage systems ¡ha: increase productivity oJ dual p!lrpose cal/I¿

In the 5easonally dI}' tropics, dry season feed scarcity and peor quali:)" IÍI::i:s milk production. In ¡he forest margins, miIk production is limited by the law quality of pure grass pastures. \VClere market access is good, \vell-managed intensive miJk and meat production from dual purpose cattle appear, ro be a more viable option of land use than beef produc:ion aJone becau5e af higher return and constan! cash noW.

CO'ltribntion al' orojecl: Through en-farm research the projecl will evaluate grass and herbaceous/shrub legnme components in a production system context to develop viable feed utilization strategies lo overcome lhe nutrient deficiencies lhat ¡imit miJk and beef production. In lhis on-farm research, activities will inclnde the miJk response by cows of different yield potential, and responses to management strategies for increased milk production. This latter would include lhe nse of Jegnme forages of high nutritive value to promote early weaning of calves. Existing production system models will be calibrated far use in extrapolation of resnlts. This research will conlribule lo improved Jeed supply syslems Jor smallholder dairy production and demollstrale the m!ue oJ herbaceolls and shmb legumes in farming syslems.



7

(v) ;vfcmagemenl of forages cmd cultle for high prodllctivity in m¡xed farming systems

In general, farmers have adapted caws af a genetic make-up that matches existing forage feed rescurces and management prac;ices. Thus the genetic potential af traditianal dual purpase catlle may lim.ít respor..se to high cp .. :ality feed and aIso ~imit -:f-Rcie::t feed utilization fcr miL~ production. Poor health and herd management practices may also restrict responses to rugh quality feed.

Conrrioution bv uraiec!: The prcject will evaluate new Ieed svstems with cows of varying genetic 9ctenti::l :or milI..: prcduct:c,n ~:\-i:h CCíisider:1t:cn ~i1;/eD. :0 ;)pti:nizing he:llL~ and b.erd ill""""cremen~ \ "':emo,",--T'"~-l·'n o': ":l --0-'1;"""" ;r¡"'r..., .... ,.-;~;¡ "er,;:;:..c:.n ,."'....,r-7'~, ..... -'" a~a' ;.~C>Qd ~ .. ,- ,l r l '--"" 1 i:l.LUl~ ~ L. ¡-l. U ~ ü.)U",L LJ 1. .... r :":11 ... v'-" i-U I.. ...... I..HL u ~, ......... ;:::.- .... ~ .. \....~_.r:I'-' ü .i. .... '" ,'rI..-l:~1....' _ .... an incenrive to farmers to breen ror increased miik produc:ion ano adcpt lmproveci managemeL~ pract!ces. Good breeding and hea/lh c:zre managemeJlt wili contribute lO improving fe;zd l¡úü=:uion b.'; malc!zing je2d and l¡-'/¿stcc,~ reSUllrC2S,

vi) Knowledge o/ lhe en1'ironmel!!c! impacr o.{ new fora,r[q J)-'stems

detnmenral etrec[ on the ~nVlronmer;.L In [he seJsonally cry :1illsides, o'iergrazing in tile dry season re5ults in 10w vegerative eover and thus enhaneed [Un-off and 50ill05s al ¡he beginnirrg of the '.vet se2son while the heavy grazing of stee? slopes during: the dry season has circumvemed atte:npts at re-afforestation. In the lores! margins, land is cleared and planted lo annual eror> by smallholders and subsequently planted lo grass for livestoek productian. Pasture 1and is ofren poorly managed, soi1 fertiiity declines and rhe grass becomes heavi1y weed infested. Thus ¡ivestock are nol on1y assoeiated wi¡h bul also b!J.med lor de-forestatian.

Con:ributicn ef moiecl: The project will introduce legl:I:le-based pastures lO reclJim degrade~ land and give sustained production 01 high quaiir:; feed over lhe langer terill. Good manage::::ent of these pastures would result in higher availability of reed, [¡igh soil cover and improved soil fertilily. In Ihe tirst 3-year phase of the project it wil! not be possible lO measure the full in:pact on soi1 fertility. Preliminary measurements \vi11 be taken 00 experimental sites and off-site examples with a history of contrasting management praclices in order to assess t!::e lor.g-term impaet of higher cover and legumes. In a broader context, information on the productivity ¡uld environmental impact of legume-based forage systems wil! be used in ¡he assessment of the viability af livestock as a sustainable land use option. Thus the project will contribute lo reversing degradation in fragile lands al/d, in Ihe tonger term, wil! provide data for the poli'}' ana~rsis of land USe altematives.

vii) Potential impact of the new jorage systems jor jarmers

It is important to assess lhe appropriateness, to lhe smallholder sector, of the feed strategies being evaluated and their relevance to a wide range of farrning systems.


(v) ,'vlanagemem of forages and cattle for high productivity in mixed farming syslems

In general, farmers have adopted cows of a genetic make-up ¡hat matches existing forage feed rescurces and management pracrices. Thus ¡he genetic pOlential of traditional dual purpose cartle may !imit res¡::onse to higb. ql~ality feed and also limit ~ff:cier.t feed utilization fer milk productíon. Poor nealth and herc illanagement practices may also restrict responses to high quality feed.

7

Contribution bv Dfoiect: The projec¡ wil! evaluate new reed svstems wi¡h cows of varving ge::¡etic .,....(',+"'-,....T~al ~c·r m·lll-~ Dr"",·;!"c't-~"n 'o-;th .... ,,-s'dorat;o,.-, ~"J"i";::>n '0 ,...,-nt;mí"""'¡nn \'.,O'llth and 1--"""'d t'...,l ...... ~.l l l .... A .. '-''- .... ~-'-v ... Vc.-'-_'-'-'Jl~ ...... ¿,l.=_' .... ~. 1.,::' __ ~1_-'-L'-+_6.1'_ ..... ~_.- ' __ ....

manc.gement. A cemonstraúon of a ¡ositiye iLteracúcn o¡;r-.veen ;:;e:J.c::y;¡e ili"1d ¡~eed \vc1.:1d ce ~m incem:ive to farmers to breen ror increased milk produc~ion aná adcpt improvea managemeci practices, CDed óreea'ing and heahh care ?J1nnagemenl will cont"íibute to improving fe:zd 11 '/' i;-i~¡;O·l ;1' -IZa¡·c '11·'/(7 re"'l ~',,-J 1;, 'e,-~r ~r. '''J '~O'I"·"cJ" t t>_ ... t t I '--"/ ¡ t liD J "" ... 0././. /. ~t '" .;tv(...-¡\ .. 1 .... .., < I "" .... >J.

l~lc ·.:;corc:gicns cl:oScil ¡or ii'.l.:~::si·,>,·;; SLüd:/ J.r.:: \-.¡h~=-e :~-:-=:5:c:1\: Jre: c,J;J.si¿ered ~C :1¿nT e ,1

dernmental erren on rhe -:nVlfonme::L In [he sc~sünally ely :üllsides, overgrazing in tl:e dr:; season results in low vegetative cover and thus enhanced run-oíf and 50il loss at ¡he beginni::g 01' 'he \Vet se~son while the heavy grazing of steep S lopes during the drv season has circumvented atte::1pts at re-afforestation. In lhe rorest margills, land ;5 cIeared and planted to annua! cror' by smallbolders and subsequently planted to grass for livestock production. Pasture land is often poorly managed, soil fertility declin,;s and the grass becDmes heavily weed infested. Thus livestock are not onlv associated wi!h but also blamed far de-forestation.

Ccnt,ibution cf orojeet: The project will introdlxe leg:!r.Je-bsed p2stures to recbim degrade:! ¡and and give sustained production af high qualitv feed over the longer term. Gaod managecent of these pastures would result in higher availability af reed, high soil cover and improved soil fertility. In the first 3-year phase of the project it wil! not be possible 10 measure the ful! in:pact on soil fertiIi¡y. Preliminar; measurements will be taken on experimental sites and off-site examples with a history of comrasting management practices in order to assess the long-term imFJct af higher cover and legumes. In a broader context, information on tlIe productivity and enviranmental impact of legume-based farage systems \Vil! be used in the assessment of the viability of livestock as a sustainable land use option. Thus Ihe projecl wil! cOlltribute lo reversing degradation in fragile lands and, in the longer term, wil! pro vide data for Ihe poliey anaZvsis of land use altema1ives.

vii) Potelltial impact of the new forage systems for farmers

It is important to assess !he appropriateness, to the smallholder sector, of!he feed strategies being evaluated and their relevance to a wide range of farming systems.


4. Project description

This is presented graphically in ¡he Logical Framework Matrix ( Table 1) and lhe Work Breakdown Structure (Fig:ure n The riming: of activities is shown in Firrure 2. ,- / - ~

Ine diíferent outputs contriüu¡e to overcoming ¡he constraims to de·;dopmer;r of improved iegume-based feeding sysrems for smailhoider dllai-pllrpose cartle production as follows:

Outpllt 1:

(ii ' . j

, ... , 1:/1)

lmproved knoHiedge Off'101-)) ino'()áUCedfOYClges mig}1l best he mClc/led ~Vi¡/l avait7abl¿ forage to overcome llutri¿ll! de,/icÍencies and enhance rhe value Df borh forage systems.

De"elc'nnl"11t 0-1' '-'1 "::-"p'n -'~I?ij'tc"olorJlJ "o ClScoSS 1}"'o i..-nnact n-f ;10:.7'" {¡J,ui 'O'OIITC"\-¡.. ~ j--' .. " j VI j'''''' ,,¡:;./. L e/ i ........ . t .... '¡¡'j- -'J ,.po"' J"'-~ I ~~ .... ~

Ourpur 2:

Guhielines pro,iUCi!r.i . ./or dumage¡nen¡ oj/orag¿:; r..uzd '.x¡{r!e for /Jigh prcductivily in mixed jarming ~ysie1J!S

Output 3:

vi) Assessment oj r/¡e elll'iro1!lnemal impact oj new jorage sysrems

(vii) AsseSSn!ellt 0./ ,he porenria! impac! oi the new ¡orage systems fer ,.,tarmers

Research on ¡he constrJint:

(ii r1.vailabilhy Di s¡¡j¡ab!¿ f¿¿d sOllrcesjor overccming nl/trien! /i¡,'1:!::t:'cns feT Inílk produClion and gr01,r/¡

\Vil! be continlle to be carried out ,vith existing core resources.

The project wil! assist indirectly in overcoming the development need of:

(viii) Persons trained in technology transjer and disseminalion oj lec!mology fo jarmers

9

1 Table 1. Logical Framework Matrix - Tropileche 10

'\Jarrative 8Jmmar¡ \ Measurable lr.d:catcrs ~ !mportant Assumptio; 1 I Goal:

~ Mean3 cf I/erificaticn

I To improve the production and utilization ef leed resources in a

j sustainable manner thrcugh

Inereased animal production

i'AO statistics j lmproved technoicgy

! is cost effective I I imprC'ling feed quality and supply. , developir.g feeding strategies in ¡ cícp/livestcck systems, improv:ng soB i productivity and mitigating soil,

Ne", crop-iivestcck systems adopted by farmers

Inspaclien 01 sites j Effective technology ¡ transfer to farmers I

I pasture ano ecological degradation.

I I

; Sustainable land use \ prac:ices

Sustainable land use indicators

: Appropriate land use : polieies 1

I i IncréQ5cc fe:rrn díspcsab12 Gcvernr;¡ent stat:stjcs ! Credit and security I '; InCCm8 I •••••••••••••••••••••• _ •••• " ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••••• _ •••••••••••••• _ ••••••••••••••• , •••••••••••• ,. •••••••••• , •••••••••••• ,_ ........... _._ ••••••••••••••••••••• : ••••••••• , ........... , •••••••••• _ ••••••••••••

! PUlposa: j Pcrt7c)io of viacle ar:d ) ~nspectcr: ,:·f 3~;:t~ 3ites; :=f'fective rss2arc:h i To 'Jt;)iZ9 !sgume-::as.sd feed!ng ! :m'¡ir·::n-;mentally sOI1~d ! and farrr.s ¡ colJaboratfcn : Sjstems fcr :ncr28sing milk ) feedírg systems available ! prodt.;c~ion :n dual p1.:rpcsa can.le 'Jn :l fcr h1l1s:des and forest I smailholder dair'l farms in the trooics margins rasulting in: ! in order to inere~se profitabiliiy and i viability and ensure sU5tainable use ! -Increased milk ano ceei ~utlishea researeh : 01 the natural resource ':Jasa. I

i prcducticn in duai puposa' reports ¡ resources ) systems

! 20il s ust::¡in Cibility New techr.cicgy ~s : :nc:cators adc~:sd ; ................... _ .......... _ ••••• n ............... '_'. ~ ............................ " •••••••• ' ...... .

, , ·,6üip·Üis·;··········································, ...................................................................... .

il! 1. In~rea~ed .:ef¡;c:~~cy in .the _~se cf ¡ incf.9ased effic:ency ::;r ,1 rorages lor mlJK and De sr reed utiJization I produc:ion ! demonstraled by;

~ -Sustsinable !ar.d ~se

r\2sear::.1 ;-9,CO~S. ! Imcrov2c ~Jis.ge lheses Cir.d ¡:lDlicatíons j sou;ces a'ú1¡;ácie

I i a) higoer intake 3. ¡ Re!aUons sstabjisi¡ed

I I 1 1 I

" ! digestibility I : b) increased milk 3. ceer I ! productioo

i are applicable on-ra""1

I 2. Known potential 01 difierent forage : Reliable ¡odicators ior I resources for increasing milk and : assessing nutritional I beef procucticn i status al cows

I ! Inereased milk and mea!

I ! production

! R"minant feed model : calibrated tor ! hillsides and fa res!

! ¡~esearch reports and ! visits to tria: sites

! Coilaboration and ; financia! reseurces l avaHabJe

1 I I

3. Infarmation on demand for, acceptability and environmental impact of new lorage systems

1 margins ¡ i 1

¡ Data base of land use and ¡ Reports 00 the utility of ¡ Goad Inter-institutional : ecanomic data for the two ! new feeding systems ¡ coliaboraticn ¡ benchmark sites I ¡ ¡ Patential environmental ¡ Research reports ! i impact established! ' : : I .

i Effective liaison : Newsletter/electronic

I I

¡ ~:~:~~~~~~o:~~ other ¡ network

~========~~~~====~======I

1


-l, Project descriprion

Ihis is presented graphieally in ¡he LogicaJ Framework Matrix ( Table 1) and!he \Vark Breakdown Structure (Figure 1). Ihe timing af acúvities is shown in Figure 2.

The different outputs cQntribut~ :0 o'i,:ercoming the constraints to developm-ent of improved legume-based feeding systems ror smaílholder duai-purpose cattle production as íollaws:

Output 1:

(ú) lmproved knov .. Jedge Df ":ww inzroduced forages mighl best be mOlched ~l/it;l avaiIahl¿ forage fo overcome lll/trient dejiciencies and eni1ance the va/ue of borh forage systems.

(iii) Deve!cpment of on-jarm ::wthcdolog]/ to assess the hl1pact ofnew fe'2d resourC2S

Outpm 2:

(v) Guhieiines proúuced jet Ilumagemeni of./'otages (md cattle for /ligh ¡xcducrivi1y in mixedfanning 5.1,,'steiJ!s

Ot:tpt:t 3:

vi) Assessment of {he enriromnenta! impact of new forage syslems

(1'ji) AsSe:5'smenf 01 Ihe porenrial impact of the new.forage systems fcr farmers

Research on the constraint:

(i) rl vailability oi ~'iúiaDI¿ /¿c'd SOlJrces jor overccJJúng ilutrient !ími!:ztfcns far mi!k proailctioll and gronlh

wil: be cantinue to be carried out with existing eore resources.

The project wil! assist indirecIJy in overcoming the deveJopment need Di:

(viii) Persons trained in lechno!ogy transfer and dissemination of teclmology lo farmers

9


Tabla 1 Logical Framework Malrix - Tropileche (continued)

i Narrative Summary

I Inputs: ('000 USO)

Qutput 1

I Personnel Sef"\/ices

I Travel i Train:r.g ! Cacitai

I Output 2

r

?erscnnal I SarJices I ~ravel 1_ ..

'1 ra¡nlr:g i Ca¡:ital

CutpL'C 3

Fersonnel I Ser..:ices ! Travel i Training I Capital

I Tetal i + I nd:rect ces! I ... Inrlation factor

I

¡ Matching i , funds

504: 339: 24;

20: 312;

50, O;

30'

5,,3; 120;

18 ¡ 60: 33:

2861 :

SLI funds

! MeasurabJe ¡ Indicators

¡ Types af resaurces . funded by SLI

: FhD students 326: Postdoc fe!low 351: econ./systems 46 ¡ Technical

O ¡ asslstance 98'

C¡:eraticnsl cc-st fcr : j Senicr Sc;entis~ ¡ C¡:erational casts

294 ¡ ter experimental 337! aC~¡Ij¡t¡es 95; Supplies 25 j Ccmmunication

!;.:

¡ ,~2gicn21 trav61 ! '.vithin ar.d ~sbveen ¡ cOL:ntrjes for

286 i researen 253' and coorClnatlOn 106;

o ¡ Wor~shop on O; methods i Project meetings

2222; 233' 101 :

~ Means of Verlficatlcn ¡ Important Assumptions

,~--------------------------------

Figure '. Legume-based feeding systems for smallholder dual purpose cattle production in tropical Latin America

~ ;:; §

! !:!

" '"" <5

':l '''' ';¡: .~

«

PROJECT DESCF!lPTlON

Program Goal

To irnprove the produdion and utilizalion of füüd resollrcus in a sIJst3.illable rn(mner throunh improvirlg femj qualily amJ sllpply, duveloping foeding strutegius in croplivestocksystem~. ilnprovinu 5011 productivity and fllitiUitliflg soll, pastura ancl ecoloQical degradation

~'-§'r' ,"''''i'vnr yC'._u----- ~:'" J ~_ _~ ~_=__~"_~_~_: __ ~ ____ ~ Project Purpose

To utilize legume-baSGd leecling systerns lar increasin(j rnilk productioll in elual purpase cattle on smallholdcr dairy farrns in tire tropics in arder to illeCHase profitability and viabilily und ensure sustainubltl "';8 01 the natural rosoun.;e base,

• '-"-' "."'-::,'_,:":-,,,?"!;~"~"'.'" .,.,.~. ''7_' .::!',r{'"""·:,~~~:l'.'::" .. ~ """-' ,'''' ""'; '\:'>< ".".,'

-----1·,-----, /.-------J '----'

Optimization of forage utilization

'.tr:

Increased efficiency In the use of forage resources tor mi1k ant! be e' productlon

Feeding trials with 5ma!! ruminants lo determina nutrirional synorgisrns among local and improveu feed resources

Feeding 8nd grazing tdals with caws ot diNerent gonotypo lo doten nina relatlonsbetwaen mil k production and 'oraga fosaurcas

Feeding and grazing trials lo determine the most eHecllve dry season supplementalíon uslng different foraga sources

Dotermine and assess U1U valuE;! of dUferent animal indicators lar use in on-farm evaluation 01 teed resource"" (in conjunction with Componont 2)

Improved feeding systems for dual

purpose cattle

.,...,. -<~,""'"P'- <.",

_)- Known potcnti¿,¡1 01 uift~rcilt forage resources tor illL:rcdsing milk anu bcef productic.n

Evaluale diffcrent loraQü svsl,-~ms willl dual I)Uf¡lOSü cdltll!

- Sownurass-leUurrlf.lpétSlurl:s - Grass unu 1¡;OLHíld IOi ¡du for cJry

season suppler(l(:ntülion

Evulu<.tlo imp¡ovud loru~Ju -[¡il~cd foüdinO systom:i lo a))ow udlly woanirlO

Integrationof inforrnalit¡n ldrrlj rUr¡)jrldl¡t antJ foed sy:;.!...,rll rn{)del~

Workshops lo assüs:> 111ÜUIOdolu!JY foron·fiJlln W:>ú~m,h

~ ....

t).

Utility of new forage systems

,-'--' . " "'~'"

Irlformation on the de.mand tar, acceptability and l!nvironrnental impact of new forage syste01s

Diauno::.tic 1<-1Ild U:;'ú WIIJ econornic charac!o:;ri¿iltiun of bencll nlark sile~ lo lacilitüte extrapolation of results

Sluuyol ttlO dan¡;md, iJnd accuptability 01 inlprovcd {arage syslürllS

EVéJluation of cllvironn1ental impact of lluW JUQurno-basod fOJ'ilgo system,;

f1osoa¡ch link<.lU1J$ with olller corlsorlru i.llld r058Ü1Cll !JfOlIJl$ woF'ldn~l 011 rcJ..tllJd PI obk:/lIS

Dis~;ernjnLlIion 01 rcsearch rcsults

";;: __________ --"-r" __ ....,"""'_. _. --,.~..,.._'--- -<:"'-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

"

c~

h .. '

- -


F!gL!re 2. Trcpilec:he - Acti'lity schedt..:ie

Ac:ivity Year 1 2: 3!

¡Component 1 Optimjzing the USe of forage resources

,1.1 Ft:::ec:íng tria!s - small ruminants ; 1 .. ~ .1 Ccmp!ementarity of feeds x : 1, ~.2 T:ming & :e .... e! cf si..:pp!ementa~:o: " X 111. i.3 Dew:.lcp ~1..'nc~/cnaJ relatior.s x ,

12. Graz!ng exp;:s.genctype;t: Bnvircn. I ~ .2.1 S;"1crt·term :eeding tdals ;( x x : 1.2.2 Sr,:rt-¡~:r:1 :;;razing tria!s x x X

i 1.2.3 LC'.'is~term ;;razir:g t[(al x x x x ! l.:. C:,~J 322SCr. 3:"cc!';;iT:enta::on ~ .2. ~ :3 c:¡; ,: ~e.'"':": e:-: ta:;c r:-cc r:f:,ed C':',\¡S , x

,1.2.2 S'~¡:;:~e:r:e:":tat:c:'1 uncer graz:rg x I

1, , P.5SeSS '/al\.'e cf lnd¡catcrs ' l.""

11, ¿ .1 ,\o1sasure '¡;dfcators x x x x x i1A.2 ::sfabtish ~:.mcfO!1al relaticns i 1.4.3 Vaiicate on-farm x , ,

¡C0mponent 2 :mproved feeding sys~ams ior cL:a! pur;Jcse cat:Je

:.' ~ =', ~1:":2::: :=r:::~::; 3:is~e!T1.s~C~ 2. ~ 2 E'/3h,,;ate ~::rage systems-Peru

,2.:;: ,=8íage sys,ems for earíy 'Near::ng ,2.:.1 =-";ai\..ja:a ;rass-lcgurres-caíves :2.2.2 ~,¡,alL;a:,;,;; ~cdcer suppL -calves x

" x

1 ,2.3 Inte-gration ef infcr;nation-mocels':2.3. ~ Calibrate CNCPS medel ¡ ,12.3.2 Use CNCPS-feecíng strateg.ies .: '2.3.3 (nteracticr:-Univ. Centra!, Ver:ez.

1 x

x

, I , :2.4 \Ncr,-<:shc.cs-methcdology cn-fam res. ,!2.4.1 Trainir.g in methcdology j :2.4.2 Appraise methodclcgy .

x

i i :Component 3 Utility of forage systems

i I 13.1 Diagnost,'cs of land use and sccio~eccnomics j3.1.1 Land use &eccnomic (.x x

x x

x

x

:3.2 Sh.:dy of demand and aCc2Ptabilid cf ~craGe 5'fsterr.s

x " x x

x x x

x x

13.2.1 Ex-::inte &. ex-post eva!uation I x 3.2.2 F!eld surveys/research 1 x x x

1!3.3 Evaluation of environmenta! impalt

x

3,3.1 Impact study in CR I 3,3,2 Impact study in Poru 1

3.4 Linkagos 3.4. 1 Linkagos wíth ccnsortia

13.4.2 Unkages \'I¡th research inst. 3,4,3 Tropileche meetings

3.5 Oísseminatlon of results 3.5.1 Interna' communication 3.5,2 Publication 3,5,3 Technology trans!er 3.5.4 Externa' communication

x x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

x x x

, X 1

x ¡ x

x

Year 2

x

x X x x

x x

x x x x x

x x x x

x

x x

x x

x x

x x

x

x x

x

x x x x

x X

x

x x x

x x

x

x

! I

41

x

x X

x

x x

x

x

x x

x x

x x

x

x x

x

x

x

x

Yaar3

x

x x x

x X

x x

< x

x

x

x x

x x

x x x

x x x

x

x

:<

x x

x

x

x x

x x

x

x x x

13

x

x x

x x

x

5. Relation of objectives to the criteria for the Systemwide Livestock Initiative

Themes

Common themes across differem ecoregions in lhe SU are: 1. Improvement of crop residue qualiry 2. Demonstration of rhe role DI' animais in nmrient cyciing 3. Use of legumes in farming systems 4. Use of shrubs in feeding sysrems 5. Reversal of degradation 01' fragile la.'1ás through teehnical improvement md poliey 6. Improved feed sup?Ees fcr smallholder dairying 7. ~\'.ratchi:lg !ivestccK !'~C':1..::reITle!1ts a::d :eed rescurces

As :ndicated in Section :":3 ~he ¿rojest a¿dresses t~emes :; thrcugh 7 a::.c also CCr.S:Cer3 t;l.e :ole of grazed grass-legume pastures on sail impro;/ement. Rerurn of nurricD.rs is oel:T one componenT in rhe process 01' lhe nutrieélt c:;cling. l¡ is being studied as a core activity in ¡he TLP. C1. .. \.1 T~:e~~e 1 en impro'i:ement of residue ':pJality 1S not addressed as residue qualir:/ is .Jot an iG:portar:¡: iSSt:e :n the Hillsides 2nd Fcrest \Iarglns. It may become im¡:ort::u:~ L1J. =::..ixed croplivestcck syst:;;m;:; in ~hc SdVannJs.

C,·iteria

The overall methodology being developed within this project wilí be appiicaiJie IO ¡he use oro other sourees oI' suppleme~tation [or increasing miLl( production and cculd be applied globally. The results of the on .. farm research cm be applied in other parts of t.'le eeoregion \hrough a knowledge of the land use and socio .. economic characteristies of different areas in each

14

ecoregion. The results from the re res: m"rgins would be applicable to humid are as where Iegume .. based pastures can be gro\yn • e.g. in the Amazon basin in Ecuador, Bolivia. Brazil and Colombia and the more hun1id areas of \Ycst ~-\tr:ca. Imprcved [;:ed íesources ~:..d utiEz.1t:o:. for dry se:lson feeding has application in \he Pacifie coast areas of Cemral America, Colombia, Ecuador, nelih .. east Brazil and regions with dry seasons in Africa and .-\sia.

Thus the researeh meets local neees but principIes deve!oped wil! have global re!evance and applieation. Close collaboration wir.h national research partners will ensure that best use is made of availabl~ resourees, and at the sanle time nationul researeh capabilitj" will be s;reng¡hened and results will be readily apparent to farmers.

The project will involve staff and organizations from different sectors, agriculture, agroforestry and livestock with linkages to those involved in policy issues. It will facilitate clase cooperation between CIAT and ILRI and enable ILRI to commence its global mandate activities in Latin America. ICRAF will be involved through linkage to the ASB consortium. IFPRl has an involvement in both lhe ASB and CAH consortia and has been asked to give input into planning and analysis of!he results of this project with respect to poliey issues.

The Project addresses lhe CGIAR research areas of increasing agricultural productivity, protecting (he environment and strengthening NARS capabilities.



Figure 2. Trcpileche - Ac:ivit, sC,1edule

Activity Year 1

IComponent 1 Opt¡m¡zing the use of tarage resources

i : 1.1 F-=ecin;; :r\als - 5ma)) ruminants 11.1.1 Ccm,:::le:T:entarity of feeds i 1. 1.2 Tirr:ing & :e'Jel Qi supplementatio: x :1.1.3 Ceo/elep ~¿.'r:c:icnal !"eJaticr:s

12. 3íaz~r;g ex~~s.genctjpe;.( enviren. : 12. ¡ S'r:ort-tet':I] ~eed¡r:g trials x 1 1.2.2 Sí~cr.-:en: ,grazing :rials !1.2.3 :"c,¡g-term ·;razing trial

¡ 1.3. Sr¡ :;easc:,: 3:...~.::e:-¡;e~tat:c,1 ¡ 1.3.2 Sl'pp~e:r:er:tat:cn linder graz:rg

! "1 . ...; ,1.ssess '/a:L:e cf ir.Cicators i 1 . .:1, ~ MeasL're ;ndicakrs ; 1.4.2 Establísh :unct¡cnal reJations ; 1.4.3 Va':iaare cn~farrn i i

x x

x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

4

x

x x x

x x

x

x

iCOmpOl1ent 2 ;mproved feeding systams for dW<i! pur;:.cse cat::a

'::. ~ ::.'3.\':3:3 '::~o;re:: :::,':::';::; 3: .. S~=::-:S 2.'. ~ ::',';::):":2:2 ;:r3t;2 3ys:er7"1s~GR "< x '2.;,2 ~'¡a.!t!a:e :~rage systems-Peru ; :< x

!2.: Fc,age sys,ems ~cr eariy wear.ir.g 2.2.1 E'la!uaia .;¡rass-Jegl1mes-caJves

:2.2.2 ='1alt.:ate :c:acer suppl. -calves ¡ x x i

, i

;2.3 Ir:tegrafon of informatíon-models: ;2.3.1 Calibra!e CNCPS model I x :2.3.2 Use CNCPS-feeding strategies 1 x '2.3.3 ¡rJteract¡c~-Un¡v. Centra!, Verez.! x i ¡ ;2.4 Wcr.<..shcps-rnetnccc)cgy on-farrn res. ;2.4.1 Tralning in methcdology i x ,'2 .. t2 Appraíse methadolagy , ¡ i ;Companent 3 Uti!íty of forage systems

, i 13.1 Diagr:ost,;cs cf land use alid sccio~ec,:;rcmics ¡3. 1.1 Land use &eccnor'nic I x x

)3.:2 S~:.:dy of de:nand and accePiacilit'11 of :oraf¡e systems

13.2.1 Ex-ante & ~x-pcst evaluatian x 3.2.2 F:eJd surveys/research x x

1

!3.3 E'Ialuation of environmental impab 3.3.1 Impact study in CR I 3.3.2 Impact study in Peru

3.4 Linkages 3.4.1 Linkages with consortia x x X 3.4.2 L:nkages with research inst. x x 3.4.3 Tropileche meetings x

3.5 Disseminatíon of results 3.5.1 Internal communication x x x 3.5.2 Publication 3.5.3 Technology traosler 3.5.4 External communication

X

X

x x

I x I

x

x

x x

x x

X

X

x x

x

Year 2 1 i 2 i 3 i

X

X

x

x x

x x

x X

X

x x

x

<

x

x

x

x

x

x

x x

x x

x

X

X

X

x

x x x x

x x x

x x x

x

x x x

x x

x

x

x x x x

x x x

x x

x

X

x x

i

I I x

I I 1

X

x

x

Yaar 3

x

x x x

x x

x x

x x

x

x

x

x

x

X

X

x X

x x x

x x x

x

X

x

x X

x

x x x x

x

x x

x

I

1.3

4

5. Relation of objectives to the criteria for the Systernwide Livestock Initiative

Thernes

Common themes across differem ecoregions in ¡he SU are: l. Improvement of erap residue quality 2. Demonstration of lhe roie of animals in nutrient cyding 3. Use of legumes jn farming systems 4. Use of shrubs in feeding syslems 5. Reversa! of degradation of fragile lands through tecbnica] imorave:::en! md policy 6. Impraved feed supDlies fer smallholder dairvi!lg ~ \·[alchl·~~ ll'''estnct~ r~"l·;r",...,.,c.!1t' 'nd '::-""",,4 r"'<"curc~s ¡.~, '~_J..= Y ~ '-' ;';. ~ ... ~.~ '-J..~J..'-'~ --'~. ~'- ..... U ,,-..) '-'_

As indicat~¿ in Sccticn 2/3 the ~rcje(:t acaresses t~emcs 3 thrcugh 7 a::d also ':crJ..s:cers the role of grazed grass-legume pasmres on soil impro\'-ement. Rerurn of nutriC::lts is cnJy one cJmponenr in the pmcess of ¡he nutrient c.·cli!!g. Ir is being smdied as a core activity in 'he TLP. CIAT. Theme 1 en impro-.;;emerp,: of ,esidue :::pality 15 not addressed as residue quality is aot an impcrtant iSSlle in tl:e Hi11sides lnd Forest \far3!ns. It ~l1a? become im;ort2~~ in :nixed crcpli"""estGck syszem.s in ri1c Sa'\;ann,ls.

Criteria

The overali methodology being developed within chis project wilí be appiicabie lO me use oi other sources of supp leme:::tation r'or increasing milk production and cculd be applied global!y. The results of the on-farm research can be applied in other parts of t.'le ecoregion through a knowledge of the land use and socio-economic c;;afacteristics of different areas ir. each

14

ecoregion. Tire results fram the :orest margins would be applicable to ;;umid are as "vhere legumebased pasmres can be grown . e.g. in the Arnazon basin in Ecuador. Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia and the more humid are as of \V ~st .\.fri..:a. Inlprcved feed reSQurces and utilizJticrl fur dry seJson t~eding has application in the Paciric coast areas oi Central ,..vnerica, ColambiJ, Ecuador, nor.heast Brazil and regions with dry seasons in Africa and Asia.

Thus the research meets local neecs but principIes developed wil! haYe global relevance and application. Close collaboratian \Vith nalianal research partners will errsure tbat best use is mede of a,.aijable resources, and at the sanre time nacional research capability wil! Je s¡¡engóened and results will be readily apparent to farmers.

The projeet wi11 involve staff and organizations from different sectors, agriculture, agroforestry and livestock with linkages to those involved in policy issues, It will facilitate close cooperation between CIAT and ILRI and enable ILRI to eommence its global mandate aecivicies in Latin America. ICRAF will be involved through linkage lo the ASB consortium. IFPRI has an involvement in both tbe ASB and CAH consortia and has been asked to give input into planning and analysis of the results of this project with respect to poJiey issues.

The Project addresses the CGIAR research areas of increasing agricultural productivity, protecting the environment and strengthening NARS capabilities.



15

6. Workplan

The following is an outline oi' planned activities. A meeting oi' the Executive Commirtee, Tropileche, would be held in Decemoer 1995 fo11owing project approval to further elabarate responsibilities, apprave research activities for 1996 arrd plan efficient co11aboration and coordination. A worhhop on on-lacm methodology, combined with a Project Meeting, is pl"Cned for June 1996. Tms wil! ensure tha! a11 co11aborators are aware ofeach others activities and responsibilities.

Component 1: Opt~miz1ticn 0:' fOfage utilization

.--\.c~i\;iry 1.1 F ceding triJ.ls "vi~: sn12.~l rumi.cants

1. 1. 1 F eeding trials ro investiiute the complememarity of shruo and he:-baceous legun:e mixtures ',v-ith different t::.!:nin !evels Oil intake. digestibility and N utilizaricn by sheep on low quality basal d:ets.

1.2 Feeding trials on rile timing me lt~,/d of 5uppIementation '(,vith leg'J~es al: intak~. digest:biFtv and N utiEz2.ücn oy shc;:p on lo\v quality oasal diets.

1.3 Determine funetioml rebionships berween contrasting feed resaurces Jlld rumen fermentation (viz. anlmc~ja-0J) and bleod parameters (viz. blead urea-"i).

The legumes used \vill be the s::r:.lb legL:mes Cratylia argentea, Calliar!dra ca!othyrslls :1nd Lel/caena fellcocephafa and Celln'osemil macrocarpum arrd Stylosanthes guianensis. i\Jature grass will be used as the low quality Casal diet. Each feeding trial wil! use sbeep in a ¡eversóle design thar takes .:12-60 days to complete. It is anticipated that at least 2 trials will be conductd eaen year. Trials will be condueted at QuiEchao, Colombia, by CL\T and ILRI .

Aetivity 1.2 Feeding and grazing triai studies with OO\1/S of different genotype to deter:nine relatíons between milk produetion and feed resourees.

.. 1.1 Determine milk yield and eomrosition using confined 1/2 and 31.:1 blood zebu x eurapean erosses fed different grass and legume-based rations varying in digestible energy arrd protein leve), me quantiry of energy and protein being eomrolled.

12.2 Determine milk yield and composition of 1/2 and 3/.:1 blood zebu x European erosses grazing contrasting grass and grass-Iegume pastures with and without protein-energy supplements.

These tríals wíll be used in developing indicators for on-farm research. They wiU use a reversible design with trial periods of 42-60 days. They wiU be eondueted at Quilichao, Colombia by CIATIILRl and Pucallpa, Pero by IV1TA.

This research will form the basis for a PhD study on complementation of feed resources.

1.2.3 A 2-year grazing trial to investigate the persistence of lactation as influenced by quality of feed resources wil! be condueted at Pucallpa, Peru, by IV1T A.

I I

16

Tbe same grasses and legumes will be used as in Activity 1.1 except that research at P:.lcallpl I will focus on ¡he use of ¡he legume, ATDchis pintoi, which 1, no¡ \vell adapted a¡ Quilichao.'

Activíty 1.3 Fceding and grazing trials to determine the :nOS! effective dry sensor: I suoplementation using di1'1'erent forages

1.3.1 DetermiGe milk yield and comFosition 01' confined cows fed low quality grasses and Sll¡:p!eIli~:1:ec ~.vith shrJ.b 3nd nerb2ceous legumes varyLTlg in digestible energy and protein.

1.3.2 Derermine milk yield and ccmposition of COT~VS grazing contras-ring pasnlres (i.e. sre:ies and qu.antíty of biomass) supplemented wltb. different forages (i.e. cut/carry gr2Ss ~lc.::e Cf i.i1 ccm~inaticn l,\'it~ fcdéer frcrr~ shrub leg~:nes)

Tlle legumes uSed \vill be the shrl.lb legumes Cn:rtylia argenwr:1 and Leucaena leucocep,:::.-:]t: 2r:d he,baceous legumes - Arachis pintoi, e entrosema macrocarplim and S')'los,mthes gllia;:ensis. Gr1sses use::! ~,viE :,e Brachicria dic!yoneura and Panicum maximum, Sugar cane ar.d King grass ~,y:n Je u:ch':¿cd ¿:s 8. ,.::ir]' Selscn sup!=,!e:nent. ¡"'farure grass <,vil! be used as the lo v ... quaE:y bes:} ñ;,:,t "i=:.lC:l -~e"'{':;"<) ~r;'lj' ~"·i·ill'''<>' '~o'\:;:: ¡ro ? rev"'r:.;;~le rl"'~i(}n ,¡",,~"t t~l.;",S J'!_hn a'u'v" 'o "''''''''''j.;o.1"-'' \,.;.b ... ~. _ <.1. .... v~~_-= _ ~~ \ ~~ .... ~....... -' L..l ... Cl,. '-' _~u ........... ::;-'- _~ ...... ~ ~....... . ... ~y ~ _ ~ "'I...', __ ~ ~_ .....

\ :limal ~'no~~· ..... .;>. ........ ¡'~eo;1 ¡'n'e-oc-;o'" ~r:11 'De 'tu"i'e" ¡'n 'eloc'e;! ~'V'"I",,-r¡'m'nts Tl'.¡ .... i~ ~V¡·j·l ", _'""\.!. __ II '="-u ,L_,~ .... _"1. L ... U Jl ~w. l. tI ,Yl.l :'. u~. :::, '" ~ ~ ...... "-¡-J........ ..." • -'-L'-l.l~ -.., c" ....

conducted dur'ng the dry se~son at ECAG. Atenas, Costa Rica. They ',vil! be cocrdínatd bv ¡he rLRI tivestcck produc:ion specialist 3.rrd conáucted by ECAG and T}CR.

I I I I I I

Activity 1.4 De¡ermine and assess the value of different arjIilal Índicators for use in en-farm I evaluation ol' feed resourees

1.4. 1 i\!easure blood (víz. blood urea N. ilon-esteritled 1'atty acies, glucose, total ketones) ar:d milk (·,iz. urea-N, casein. fatt:/ acid composition of milk [al) attributes in controiled :""i'n'> -~~ MlZ·ina o,¡ne-l'~onts ;n ccn'''ilct¡'on w;'h 'e,'i":¡;es 1 1 1 1 1 .., ond 1 1 -: 1 ...... UI=:...o..L. ..... 5~ .. ~6".t'- .l.l ...... ~~. u_ "Ju.~ , .. 1 .. _-1..\..~' ... -") ..... _ ... ~.~.-'.

1.4.2 Establisn tunctional relationships between miJk yield response to improved feeding ana blood and milk indicators.

l.·U Assess milk yield and nutrítional indicators in relaticn to response to improved grJ.Ss-Jegume pastures and ¡egume-based snpplements in cow herds on selected f:mus in the Central Pacific Regional, Costa Rica and Pucallpa, Peru (Component 2).

This activity will be coordinated by ILRI and CIAT wi!h input by project scientists in Costa Rica and Peru.

Component 2: Improved feeding systems for dual purpose cattIe

I I I I I

This on·farm research wil! be designed after discussions between coIlaborating farmers and I researchers wi!h input from the agricultura! an!hropologist. However, it wiIl be managed by !he researcher father !he farmer as it is considered a prior step to technology deveJopment with full I farmer participation,

I


•

.""ctivity 2.1 Eva1uate differem fonge systems with dual purpose cattle

2.1.1 Costa Rica - Forage sysrems consisting of varying proportions of:

(iii)

Natural pasture Scwn ada¡:ted gr2ss-Iegume pasture (Bnxhiaria bri:antha and B. díct)-onellra and che legumes . .]Jc;c}¡is pintol) DesmodilllJl D1-DlifoliwH, Cent,"osema macrocarpu/Il arre: Stylosamhes gllicmensis) Fodder banks 01' snrub legumes (Cratyiia argentea. Gliricidia sepil/m and Lellcaena !¿llcoc2pnala)

(iv) Fodáer banks of sugar-CJne and King gras5 \'lÍE be establisnc¿ on selected far::ns. Tile aetivity will be carried OUI oy 'vl.>,.G(ODA) wiIh input ¡[om CATIE, EC . .>,.G, LCR C1.-\.'1 and ILRI. CA HE wil! place a ,\[Se smdent to '.vork in the project area.

Peru - Forage sys:ems cCDsisring of:

(i) grass-legume pascures of Brachiaria decumhens-Arachis pilllOi wiii be est:lblished :n def71ded l:Jrachiaria p2.stures either by direct re~¡:1ce:nent or ~n¿erso~:v:;. In ~ ::-:-e ere').

(ii) F odder banKs OI~ ?:tetcria phaseoioides and Srylos(/}uhes guicm:nsis and sugar cane and King gnss ¡or dry season suppiementation

will be estabiished o:; se!ec:ed farfl1S.

Production from ¡he improved ~:lSs-Arachis pasture wiJi be compared wilh grass alone pasture and where pcssibíe with old esnblisl:ed Brachiaría deCllmbelTs-Desmcdillm orai{folium pastures.

17

This activi¡y in Pucallpa wil! be ~arried out by INIA and CIAT with input fram ¡VITA and ILRI.

Aeti\'ity 2.2 Evaluate impwved forage-based feeding systems to al!o\v e:crlv weaning

The rationale for ¡his activity is mar early weaning wil] lead ro increased mil:'; production with early removal of the calf from the mother and to more rapid reproductive cycling.

2.2.1 Evaluate use of grrrss-leg'Jme pastures for lactating calves of different ages.

2.2.2 Evaluate fodder legume and concentrate supplementation for supplying needs ol' lactating calves of different ages.

Evaluation wíll be assessed by performance of the calf and rnílk productíon of tbe COW. This study wil! be under taken on-station and subsequently on-farrn in Central Pacific Regíon, Costa Rica and Pucallpa, Peru, by national scientists with collaboration of tbe ILRI scientist.

Activity 2.3 Integration of information using rurnínant and feed system rnodels

•

2.3.1 Use fíe Id data generated in trials with dual-purpose cattle carried out ai Quilichao, Pucallpa and the Central Pacific Region to better calibrate the CorneE Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model (CNCPS) far evaluating tropical cattle diets: (a) ~o predict nutrient requirements of cartle (b) lo specify nutritional values al altematlve forage and other feed resources, and (e) lo accurately predier anÍInal performance

18

The CNCPS rnodel adjusis predictíons of beef and dairy nutrienl requirements for variations in animal, environment, feed, and management condirions. The knowledge aggregated in this modd aEcws l',ulrient requirements for tropical cattle 10 be estimated, 1vilh allowance for breed, Jno.tiagemer~t ar:¿ eUvircn17' .. e::tJ.i effe'::~5 en prcduction.

2.3.2 ese the C~CPS modei ';;¡it..~ l bio~ec;jnOillic optimizJ.\:lon r::c¿d ~o com;:-¿:e altefI:2.ti~:e feeding strateg:es in dir:ferent managemcnt 5ystems CSiIlg ~O\VS ','i;itb diff.e;cnt m~l'<irg

I I I I I I I

potentiJ.ls to evaluate a portfolio or viable alternatives for farmers, irütially in the bencnm:lr:<: steciy sites but su~sequent!y in other seasonally dry hillside ana torest margln I are.'ls.

2.3.3 Coilabon;" ano imeracr wl~h researc;:as from ¡he C¡;iYérsi¿aó C,mrai de -.-,,:::,,=:';":1 l¡ I ~(c .. rJ.cay 0\1 the desi~n aná concuct oí' on~farm trials lrivestigating genotype x envrronmental interactions.

The ilCO\-e rese~ch ~\vii1 fCfl:1 the bas:s for a PhD study at CCr:1e!L

Activity 2.4 Workshops to assess merhodology for on-fann research

2.4.1 In Year 1, a workshop wil! be heid to appraise me methcdology to be used in on-farro evaluation of feeO resources This workshop will be held in conjunctíon \Virh ¡he tir,t prcj ect xeeting.

2.4.2 In Year 3, a workshop wii! bé heid in conjunction with the pro po sed regional meeting in June 1998 to evaluare results and plan an extension of on-farm researeh activities,

Component 3: Utility of new forage systems

Activity 3.1 Díagnostic land use and economic characterization of benchmark sites to facilirate extrapolation of results.

I I I I I I

3.1.1 Characterize lhe existing animal production systerns in the benchmark sites al Pucallpa, I Peru, and the Central Pacifie Region, Costa Rica, wilh emphasize on characterization of existing resources, technologies, constraints, economic policies, and opportunities,

To execute this characterization: Ca) (b)

Calleel and analyze existing information in each site Carry out a participatory rapid rural appraisal involving local producers, researchers, and extension personnel lo cornplernellt characterization

I I I


Land use characterizatíon of Pucallpa is being carried out by the Land Use Program at CIAT as an activity of the ASB Consortium in association wilh CODESU.

19

C)¡CR and ?vL-'..G have land use information of lhe Centra! Pacific region of Costa Rica. This can be linked 10 land use information being obtained for the CAH consortium sites in Hon¿uras and Nicaragua.

Economíc characterization of the Pucallpa area would be carried out in conjunction with ASB in collaboration wírh CODESF The ODA preject has carried out a bread socio-economíc charac:erization of the benchm::r:.;: site ::1 Costa Rica. 'vlAG wil! continue economíc mon;+oring of ~he ;Jrcjec: area. A.c:ivities at bcth sites ~,Yould be coordinated by Cl-\ T scientists in the Trc.cical Forages Program (TFP), Tropical Lowlands Program (L"LP) and Land Use ?rogr= (LL7), CIAT.

Acüvity 3.2 Sh.ldy of demG.nd ,lid J.ccept.:l1-;ílity cf i~rro-':li;d forage syste!::s

.3 .2.1 Perrorm ex~ante ana ex-post ev31uaticns of altemative feeding systems in ~ual rUf?osc anilr.al production syslec1s tn PucaEpa and the Central pac~:fic íegior., Cos::2 fuc:. :y means of: (a)

(b)

Bio-e:oncoÍc op:::nizJ.t:cn illcdeIs ~o sir:1ulate ¿ifferent manZ!.geme~: 2....-:C macroeconcmic sCenarics and Identiftcation af "lterr,~,tive5 '.,ith potential for improving exisüng sv·stems

3.2.~ Carry out field sur,.-eys :0 eV2.!:'late f:lrn1er demand, acceptability of ne~.v feed system alternatives, and farmer aLtituGes to adopticn of practices that lead to more sustainable land use.

Activity 3.2.1 would be carried cut by national scientists \vith input frcm a CIAT Econcmist. .-\ctiv·ity 3.2.2. \\"cu!d be c=ied üut by a CLU .-\gricultural Amhropolcgist cased in the LlTP, CIAT.

Research (PhD) will be carried Cüt on lhe febti';e be!"!efits of introduced legume-based fcrage systems to lhe individual ¡armer lhrough increased protltability and lhe longer term e:lvironmental benefit 01' more sustainab1e land use practices.

Activity 3.3 Evaluation of environmental impact on new legume-based forage systems

3.3.1 In the seasonally dry hillsides, use indicators of soil cover (BOT At'lAL estimation), availability of forage (BOT At'lAL estimation), soil fertility (labile soil N and total Nle), soíl compaction (penetrometer), and animal productivity to establish environmental impact.

3.3.2 In the forest margin, use indícatofs of pasture composition (BOTANAL estimation), soi! fertílity (labi!e soil N), soil macrofauna (earthworm activity), soi! compaction (penetrometer) and animal produclion lo establish environmental impact.

20

It is no! likelv that there wil! be siQnitIean! enanQes in environmental imoac! within the first ..1 ~ ~ ~

(3 year) phase of the project Henee a measure of potemial impact wil! be obtained by comparing ¡he diíferenee in lhe indicaters in contrasting land use situations whicn rerlect the changes envisaged due to intrcductiorl of new feeding systems.

The activities wil! be earried out in conjunction with a GTZ-funded IlCA project developing experimental indieators in Costa Rica and by CIAT and CODESU in Pc:callpa wiril collaboration of soil and plant seient;sts trom che Ti? and THP Df Cl.l.T.

The indicators measured in ~his activit~J' \vill be used in ~he economíc :J.Ilalv-sis of Iong-ter:n - ~

environmental impaet by rte sDciD-eeonomist.

~---\.ctivity 3.4 RcSe3Ica lir::-;:lg¿:S ~.-¡lith other ccnsGrüa Olnd feseJ.r:ll g::ce;s ','\;cr:{ir..:; on relate¿ problt:ll1s.

34.1 There wil! be joirlt research acCivities witft the four consortia in !he Ecoregional P,egram :or T,opica1 America ch~t is cocrdinated by CIAT:

LeaCeL TLP. CL-\.T, ;sin represent TFJplleche at planning meetings ~o ensure ~ctiyities are coordinMed in the PucallDa regian. Peru. Col!aborative research activiües en altemative prcdectlon systems fer the humid tropics are planned \.vith the Ti? and leRA.F.

Central American Hillsides - CIAT is the coordinator fer activities siruated in Honduras and Nicaragua The Leader, THP, CIAT wil! represent TropiIeche at pIanning meetings and ensure tha! lhe strategic research on dry season supplementation of liveslOck is linked with similar activities in :he ot~.er coumries. Active research collacoration will be sought in the study areas af!he CM consortium from Year 2 of tllis project.

Savannas - CrA T has respensibility for strategic researcn wi!hin mis consartium !hat is led by PROClTROPICOS. Entry points for collaborative researen are !he renabilitation of degraded pastures \vith grass-1egume mixtures introduced with an associated crop af rice or maize; socio-economic evaiualion of the demand for legume-based pas;:.:!es in smalIholder « 50 ha) dairy farmers in I\vo researen areas of the TLP in Brazil cllld joint activities on utilization wim the local universities in the area.

CONDESAN - There wilI be collaboration with the coordinator of livestock activities on !he use of livestock producríon models, developed at the Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile, for evaluaríon of new feed technologies.

CONDESAN in tum envisages input from Tropileche in the High Andes regions of La Miel, Colombia, and Carchi, Ecuador, in developing vertical GIS relationships wi!h the adjacent Tropical Hillsides and Lowlands and in exchange of informaúon on legume utilization.

3.4.2 Research linkages will be established with other groups acúve in generation and transfer of improved feed systems for dual purpose cattle.



Universidad Central. Venezueia. Ihis group will collaborate in the design and analysis of studies on the interactian of animal genotype and feeding management on the economic efficiency of dual purpase systems.

Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (FlvfVZ-UADY). -"[erida. i\[exico - Tms group is undertaking diagnastic studies on dual purpose eattte production systems as a oasis for development and incorporation OI legume species inta ;he farming system.

Universidad L"berlandix"S:VIBRAl'.-VCL-\.T - Ihere is a collaborative project wiril CL-\.T en i:b.e intrcdüctiün of ~orJ.ges :0 iIr,~roYe proó.:ct:cn in smallhOIdeI' i:lal-rurpose ca~tle systems.

0Jestle Proiect. Forest rr.2nrins. CJ.cuetá. Cclcmbia - T~1is ore]' ect \vruch lS maea2:ec. bv l2e . ~ "

TFP, CL-\.T is investig:1üJ.lg rnethcdolcgy to introduce legu1T¡es into degraded ¡::astl2r=s en

21

fJrrns and the utilization of grass-legunle pasxres to increase milk production in du.al purpose cattle. Research is directly releyant to [he on-rarm researen that vv"hi;,,;n \:vill be under:ak~n in Pucallna.

CO,D"OOIC' C J.,~" C"DDO'C' , .. ;"" ~'n-o 'n'h', '-;<"0 n 0·0·' et" 'l"'\....i.: c,-_ O"."l'lO:J. - '-'~ .1. .:--;.. ,""ü ........ OLH'-L''- ..... J. 'v ...... L~(.;.cur....:.~~,'" r'rvJ ..... c~ ,\1>.1

CL-\. T on ¡he development oE il1lproved dual purpose canle systel1ls t'or rhe Llanos ol' Catornilia. Research on reed utilization and genetype x environmea¡ interactions wiii oe highlv relevant to t.'lis new project.

Bolivia. Santa Cruz - CL-\. T is offering training in the area of forage development and research methodology to investigate feed uülization by dual purpose cattle. Collaborativ·e activares in on-station and On-t:1rm researeh are planned.

Honduras. La Ceiba - .-\. jOlnt project is being devdoped by LED'{E and CL-\.T ro introduce legumes into pastures utilized by dual purpose dairy cattlc.

Honduras. Escueb .\9:riccb Panamericana (EAP) - There is researeh on nutrition and reproduecion af dual pur¡:;ose cartl:; and colbbom:on \vüh Cornell l-niversity. Linbges \Vill be estabiished with E.-\.P (Escuela Agrícola Panamericana), El Zamorano, tbrough thesis projects.

3.4.3 Project meetings wil! be he Id in January \996 to review and revise tbe project and confirrn responsibilities and in January 1997 to review progress. A regional workshop wiI! be organized in June 1998 to exehange researeh information, re-examine needs of tbe dual purpose cattle industry in tropical America and develop a new project for continuation of tbe activities col1lmenced in !bis project.

The January 1996 and June 1998 meetings will be held at the same time as tbe Workshops on on-farrn metbodology,

Activity 3.5 Disseminauon of research results

3.5.1 Communication bel\wen ather projects of the SU and the above consortia and reseurch groups \vi11 be facilitated by a six-monthly ne~.vsietter, e1ectronic communication and visitalion where considered appropriate.

22

Publish scientific articles. Assessment of workplans bv !he Technical Executive Group "viII t;:¡ke accom:t of plars for publication.

3.5.3

3.).4

Resdts will be incorporated ¡nto complementar]' technology transfer projeclS and : trainiilg of :rainers' pro:ec:,:; for extension agents.

Project filidL1gS ~,vill be cc::nmunicated :nrGugh the Int~:r:-r,.J.tior: Se':-'¡lce C'f CL-\.T :c :\".-ili.S and ,,'GO's 'n Larin America.

,. Out]luts

i) lncreased eificienc\" in the ·.Ise oí legume forages for milk and beet' produc:ion ü) Kno\"vn potenti:ü 01:~ differer:t forages for incre:J.sing mi1k and beef procucticn ¡ir) Infcrmarion on L1e ¿en1.::.nd ~OL acceptability and envircI'.::lentd impac! DI' legume

b ased forlge systems

with par:icular application for ¡he seasonalIy dry hillsides and lhe foresl margins.

Specific outpulS ror che main activíties are:

Component 1: Oprimization of forage utilization

Activitv l.l Feeding lriais with small ruminants

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

RtSe~rch (PJD) on ccmplemenw.ticn cf feeding stutIs commenced. Résults available on timing and level uf supplementation af kgumes en nutritien oY sheep fed low quality forage diets Results available on complementarity of contrasting feed resourees on the majar nutritianal parameters for sheep Funclional relationships developed betlveen feed resources and rumen fermentation and blood parameters

Activity 1.2 Feeding and grazing trial studies with cows of different genotype to determine relations between milk production and feed resources.

Year 1 Year 2

Forages established for caITying out Activities 1.2.1, 1.2.2 and 1.2.3 ControlJed intake studies with milking caws an the role of legumes in



cornplernenting basal grass diets cornrnenced (l.2.1) Studies (PhD) with rnilking cows on the response to protein-energy supplernems when grazing pure grass or grass-legurne pastures (1.2.2) cornmenced Studies on influence of quality of feed resources on the persistence of lactation ccmmenced

~[ear 3 Studies commenced in Yelf :: continlled, resu!!s ¡:.nalyzed and repon ,vritten

Activity 1.3 Feeding and grazing tr:aIs to determine the :nost effective dry season supplementation using differen! forages

~[ear 1 FcdJer bar::{s of grass anc sh:ub le;~pmes :or s'J¡:ple1TIentar}' feedL'1g es:a:::lis1:ed Preüminary experiment conducted on suppi'Cmcntw-:~- feeding usir ... g a~;ailable fee,¿ resources

Year 2 Supplementary feeding ¡rials conducted during :he dry season "~A.,.,...... Sucpl'rn "1"''''''' :~Arl;nr] +"~1:~ ~on+¡'"upd r c ":;·11.,.s 'na¡'''z,d and -e~crt '_:-"+Q .l .... (,.U J .. ~~ ~e .. i <.4} J.. ........ '.H = .. ~~ ....... :::; ..... l~ .1..1 '" , ,. ~~ .... ~ .J..1 j '" ' 1 t' \V1~~~ .... n.

.-\ctivity l. el Delermir::e and assess ¡!"le value 01' different animal indicators for use i.n on-farn c,;/al:1at:on of fced reSC1.2rc;::s

'._T ..::.~_ 1 ...... ~"¡ ~

Year 2

Year 3

B::¡s,; ':atJ. Jbtair.ed fr·:::m Selected f1rms on ', .. ·2.r:2~iEt:; lr!1Cr.g c:ov;s ir: :-e!(!tic.:l to feed resources,seasoll, co':.v genotype 3.nd st:ige of lacration for blood al:.d mi:k índicators Evaluatíon of the effecl oc' introduced feed resources on blooa and miL\: inaicators commenced Evaluation commenced in Year 2 contínued and assessment of validity of nutritional indicators lo predict milk yield response to suppl"mentary feed resources completed

Component 2: Improved feeding systems for dual purpose cattle

Activíty 2. J Evaluate different forage systems with dual purpose cattle

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Grass-legume associations and tadder banKs of sÍlruo legumes and grasses eslablished tar milk herds on selected farms in Costa Rica and Pueallpa Routine for on-farm evaluation and basal production determined On-farro studies commenced on the effee! of quantity and quality of new feed resources on milk yield On-farro studies eontinued and an appraisal made of the impaet of improved feed resources on milk yield and farro ineome

Activity 2.2 Evaluate i.mproved forage-based feeding systems to allow earIy weaning

Year 1

Year 2

Improved forages for early weaning studies established on-station and onfarm in Costa Rica and Pucallpa Early weaning studies planned Early weaning studies eommenced

Studies evalualed and revised plans establisned l"or Year 3 Year 3 Early weaning studies continued and results analyses and repon written

-,--\c~ivity 2.3 Integration of informatlon uSln_g mminant fu'1d feed SySlem ~ocels

Year 1

'lcar 2 '{ear 3

Options for increasing milk praduction from duai-purpose catde evaluated using existing bio-eccmomic optimization models Research (PhD) commenced on vaiidmion ol" ¡he CNCPS and bio-economic optimizatíon models for duai-pufFose cattle production using daca avariable [rom ,:.nd being generated by ;?3.rtners in Tropilec!1e. C~CPS IT.lodel fur:hci co.librated ~,·;:th 03..ta ge!1eruted f!om T ropi~eche 2ct!-'/iü~s _-\r..aiysis of long-~erm genorype x enviro~ment ¿ata ootaü:.e¿ ir: '~-:er:eZ'...:ela

completed ivlodels evaluateci for predictive m:ility in terms of rescarc.h pr:oricics a.::d onfarm options

24

Policy analysis tha! ~,vill -ülcilitate government illtervention to inc;--ease :ne erñciency of ¿ual-puf?ose cattle prcduction systems

Year 1

y t>3f 3

Workshop hetd on On-flr:-:1 research methodologv [or livestock fer active p::l:11cipants in Tropi~ecJ.e Regional ',Vor:,,:shop held on on-farm rese~rch results ilnd r::e1hc¿cIcgy

Component 3: Utility of new forage systems

Activitv 3.1 Diagnostic land use and economic characterization of benchmc.rk sites to facilitate extrapobticn of results .

. A.ctivity 3.~ Study of denlQr~d J.r:d :lc;::eptlbili:y of inproved fcrage systerr:s

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Land use and socio-economic characterization of benchmark sites completed. Preliminary study of farmer attitudes to adoption of practices that lead ro more sustainacle land use ;ractices completed Socio-economía srudy (PhD) of relative benefits cf legume-based forages for enhancing indívidual remm YS long term envllonmental effeet co=er,ced Socio-economíc parameters on selected farms monitored Results fram use of bio-economíc optímization model to simulate different management scenarios completed Intermediate economie analysis of benefits of introduction of new forage systems Follow-up study of farmer attitudes 10 new forage systems completed Analysis of relative benefits of legume-based systems for individual and public benefit completed

Activity 3.3 Evaluation of environmental impact on new legume-based forage systems



Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Plan for study of environmental impaet completed Training in use of ehosen indicators provided to eollaborators Assessment of short-term environmental impact of new forage systems

Activity 3.4 Researeh linkages with other eonsortia and researeh groups

Year 1

Year 3

First project meeting held Researeh linkages wieh consortia and other active research groups establisheo Second project :r.eeting hel¿ Projeets deveJoped for funding with other researeh groups Third proj ect meeting held Rcsults from a:l groups working on dual-purpose cattle prccuctlon evalumed lI1d prioriries set ror i~rurc activities Úl dEal-puQcse cattIe prccL.;.;::üon

Acrivitv 3.) Disseminaticn of researeh resuits

Year J

Year 3

Database of researeh groups working on dual-purpose cattle produetion Electronic com:::unic3.ticn r:et',vor~{ established F'.-- ~-~......., -1-.:,. ~ .~¡ ..-'te>.,- ,'l·~J..,,""Q' d '1'~--'1; .~c1 11.)1 :::.l.(-illon:'iu; i.1e.\.)J.C~~ .... J. pUOd;:.u.... .ln, u .)ul ;u~ .... ;...

Con:in.uar:oil ,:y;' e:ecr¡c,¡üc í1en-vo¡~{ ,:u:d ~c',-,;-slet:er

Firs~ scie;¡ürlc f:'ilpers puoiis.1ed Continuation OI~ ciecrronic net'.vork anci ne\vsletter Seiemific papers pubIished Final repcn prcdueed and distributed

Thc lcmevement of ~hese :;utpu:s ,vithin three ye3.rs ,viII depend en ffi3.k:ing ma"Cimum use of adapted forages and adapting system models that have been developed by ot!¡er institutions.

The users of the project outputs will be nationaJ seientists, extension workers, farmers, policy m2.ke~s and credit institutions.

25

Dissemination of outputs will be via a newsletter or e!ectronie netwad;: to members af T,opileche and Jinkage groups, in annual reports of the projeet, peer-review journal papers, the review meeting in Year 3, and by extension agents of national organizations to farmers.

8. Cost and financing

A surnmary of the project costs by component and category is shown in Table 2. There is an estimated requirement for SU funds of USD 770,000 in 1996.

The overall cost of the project is estimated at USD 5.4 million over 3 years. The SU is requested 10 supply USD 2.55 million while USD 2.86 mi11ion wi11 be provided by matehing funds from the institutions involved in the project.

Overhead or indirect costs and int1ation have been taken into aceount. Indirect costs have been calculated as 15% on funds that would be expended by the IARC's at CIAT and 4% for funds that wi11 be passed through CIAT to other institutions. A yearly int1ation factor of 4% was used from Year 2,

COSI SUMMARY BY COMPONENT AND CATEGORY (USD 000)

Category ,--------- --ye~ir-r --- Y'-'~I ?

- -iAjjC-~-~ -NAR - TolallAr\C ~ "1" ----~- º;~-_]sCf--::-- ~or~_]~~r- - co~~-- ]~;(I= Core-= \~fl·_'~- C()ft: ~~l ¡-Cost Summary by Component and s urce of funds

Component 1 281 154 136 111 417 265 :lB1 15,1 11'.) 125 Component 2 145 141 144 1úG 2d9 '¿47 145 \:¿::; 1 ~ ,( ) 1j3 Component 3 '"6 1:1( n 40 :;¿b~ 103 lOG 1GB Ij en Subtotal 612 432 357 263 D09 695 012 44'1 3'12 ::JIB Ovemead (15%· Center, 4% olher) 65 11 75 67 13 Innc¡tion (4%/y~ar)

TOTAL DGD TlO

Cost Summary by category and sour e of fund:;.

Personnel 390 242 140 5·1 530 296 300 22-( I 1::lSl 80 SetYices 96 128 146 151 242 279 9ti 14G 1.!~ l'/B Tra .... el 11 41 17 24 2. 65 11 5:) 17 46 Training 30 O O 12 30 12 30 O O O Capital 85 21 S4 22 139 43 85 21 J7 14 Subtotals 612 432 357 263 9a9 695 612 441 342 :'118 Overhead (15%~ Center, 4% olher) 65 11 75 67 t3 Inflation (4%/year)

TOTAL DGD 770

-~-'----

- - - - - - - - - - -

y'-ear3 -- -- --.- ---

Tutal IAHC COfa- ls~r- ~~ (:9r;j- I~I._I:~:

NAR ~ -1- Total (~r_~ ~lsi.! _= ~0iC--[sU 1~~~~3~~~

400 219 ?!1 1<18 111 122 2<Jt. 2~,5 t47 12,1 150 1:.12 2~'J 2~~U 1UÓ lliJ 61 11

954 7(,5 ¡¡O4 436 J42 315

bO ti5 13

"' 9t54 tl/ú

529 307 390 2n 141 76 245 314 96 146 149 102

2B "' " 47 23 36 30 O 20 G O 12

122 35 85 10 20 9

954 7155 ÜO·1 4~)6 342 325

80 65 13

~J4

üt.i4 87D

- - - -

382 271 297 2511 267 234

946 761

" 67

946 906

531 303 245 338

3G " 20 18 11-1 19

94ü 761

781

94G

til I 906

-

l1tJO Be'1

780

28GQ

286D

1SQO 732 92 80

375

2869

2IJG9

-

815

7" 6<\5

2221

233

101

2555

90G 941 247

30 97

2221

233

101

2555

N ry.

- -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I \

27

The major items of expenditure are fur personnel and services.

Research uersonnel. Funding is requesled to cover lhe costs of ¡hree PhD students and a postdoctorate feliow. The cost of a PhD student is CSD 30,OOO/year (actual stipend CSD 16,000) and a postdocroral fellow USD 70,000

In a project wilh a 3-year time frame, il was considered lha¡ the additional capacity required for the strategic research would best be met by postgraduate srudents who also have to complete research within a similar time trame. They will be closely supervised by IARC senior scientists andior university professcrs. The follo'wing research '.vould be undertaken by postgraduate students:

i) :\lJ.tching of feed resources :0 li>:/estock neecs >\.c:~T;~:¡es 1.1.1,1.1.2: 1.2.2): - suggested researcn lacatian, Colomoia

ii) Sccío-eccnomic study ci comparative benefits cf more sustainable land use practlces :0 t~:e ir.óvidu:ll farrr~er me! :0 ~1:e cO!1:n:unity C-\.;::~~,··::ies 3. 2)

- suggested rescaren location, Costa Rica iii) C~libration and develcp~em of a ruminal'! m.::ritic:l model and bio-economic optimiz3.tion modd (Activit:es 2.3. L 2.3.2)

- suggested reSe1!",::h ~ccZ!.ticn, CorneE Cni~:e;5Ü::

A postdoctorare rellow wauld oe employed in the area al livestock economícs and systems madeiling Ihis person wauld interact eloseIy ,vith ather slaif involved in the Tropileche projec!. The specific tas!': wouId be to identify future research aTeas with the greatest economic pay-OII for increasing remrns fro!':', smallholder dual purpose cattle production commensurate with sustainable land use pracúces.

Technical assistcnce. This calegor", ineludes provísion :or emnloying full-time technical assistants, technicians and lacorers, which fOl IARC's ,ost (LSD) 15,000, 10,000 and 6,000, respectively.

OoeralÍonal costs inelude costs of conducting feeding and grazing trials, vehicle maintenance, and ¡abarator;: analysis. SuppIies ineludes field and labarator} requirements. It is propased that the tiJll operational costs oi tbe ILRl Livestock Production Specialist be met [rom SLI funds wi¡l¡ salary and on-cos!s being covered by lLRI.

Regional lrave! ineludes air travel and per diem allow:mces for trave! between as well as within countries in Larin America connected dírectly with the project research activities.

The costs of lhe two workshoos and lhree project meetinQS includes travel and accommodation. The workshops wil! be held al the same time as project meetings so as to reduce expense.

Capital items inelude provision for refrigerators, freezers and sample preparation equipment at lhe sites in Costa Rica and Pucallpa, HPLC columns for use al CIAT and office equipment for the Livestock ProduclÍon Specialist. No major capital items will be purchased from SU funds.

28

Other funding sources that will complement the project activities include:

ASB Consortium - Expeeted new funding for ASB aetivities te include Pueallpa area.

Costa Rica: ODA eurrently funds a proj eet to inerease feed availability in me áry season.

Pem: lvlTA h~s obtaÍJ:ed funding from the Alomie Energy Agene'! for equipmem puróase. CODES1} has 5ubmitted profesals fo:- land use sn:¿ies 3.L'1d teC:~1!ology transfer to GTZ and liSAID, respeetively.

Cornell: The uni'iersity \vili ~,vaive fces for postgracua.te 3tL:cer:ts. Tile SLI ?:ojec: '.viII be L!sed :0 21:1"2C: 5Ur;!en:enrary ~lnd~:1g.

9. Organiz:nion and management

ClAT will be ¡he Iead CGl~'<. Center for the Proieet and be responsibie far accoumabiiitv anc - -roncrt;n rr T'h; ~ -Qs"'cD"ibilitv 'vi 11 be rL."lp.O-'1t""d to tbe eT A T r"''"creser-t-aÜl-e to the liv"",,-tcc'''' '"'t' ~. "=-" .... H~~ -'- r' ,,~ L _j , .~ 0,-,~ .... =;; • ..., _ _ ~ j. .... _ '-¿ d.', "'~c ,\..

P~ogrJ.m Group (lPG).

T ccr:nic.:l1 cocrdination of the proj ect \.vill be througn an EXecutl",:c Cornmlr:ee ccnsis~illg OI~ :~:e IlRI Livestock Production Specialist, che CL-\ T Animal ";ulritionist, Technieal are a Cccrdin"LDrs f:-cm Costa RiCJ and Peru, t~e eL-\.. T recrese:ltati\'e 0:1 the LPG, a representltive trom Cornel! , ,

University aná Leaders of the TLP and THP in CIAT who \Vill represen¡ ¡he ASB and CAH wnsortia, respectively The Executive Committee wiIi approve experimental plans tor eaeh activity prior te disbursement of [unds and be responsible for internal monitoring. Dr Carlos Laseano, ClAT, Animal Nutritionist, \Vil! be the Technical Coordinator of lhe project

The Director of IvlTA will be lhe technical ;lfea coerdinator of lhe proj eel in Peru and haye oversight over allocation of iililding in lhe Pucallpa benehmark sile. Funds wil! be disbursed through me ClA T liaison officer within CODESU in Pem.

The CIAT out-poseed scientist in Costa Rica will be the teehnical area coordinator in Costa Rica :or the present time. He will be responsible for disbursement of tunes in Costa Rica.

CoordinalÍon will be maimained by electronic mail/fa"(, lnvolvement 01 the ILRI Livestock Produetion SpeciaJist, in research activities in Quilichao, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Peru, \vill facilitate cornmunication between research teams.

There will be three projeet meecings (6, 13 months and JO months) for al! project participants. Scientists from the Ecoregional Consortia and linkage groups will be invÍted to attend.

Linkages

Linkages to Eeoregional Consortia and other research groups are shown in figures 3 and 4. The justification for mese linkages was mentioned in !he Workplan Section. Linkages lO other projects in the SU will be through the LPG,


,--------- -------Systemwide Livestock Initiative

Ecoregional Prograrns

J c;--High Humid

Mountain~s~a __ Semi;nd - -1 r- Tropical --1 r' II-umicl "'] [

Asia I Amellca I Aldca - - - - - - --o _1 -o, - '" ---

Consortia

ro -==-== ---==-=.::: -= :::r __ 0 __ 1

Semiarid WAfrica J [

'----,--, Semiarid

WANA ,------- -

=1. [ Alternative, s , , , [ cen,lral Americ, a

Slash/Burn Hillsides i 11

J . ", SéiVannas Condesan

----=~ - - - --_o ____ ¡' ",

Strategic

Applied

Adaptive

Technology

transfer

í -- - ~----- ----- --._.------ .. -." ---

Central Pacifie Costa Rica

ucn,CATIE,

ECAG,MAG,

UNCR,ODA

MAG,NGOs

Tropileche

Quilichao

Palmira

CIAT,ILRI

conNELL Univer,;ily

J I)ucallpa

I~eru

IVITA

INIA

CODESU

II\JlA,NGOs

su

Bilateral

Figure 3. Localion al Tropileche within the Ecoregional r-'rooram lor Tropical 801.1111 Arnerica.

Funds

Core

- --

'" '"

- -

ASB

ICRAF/CIAT~FRI/CIFOR

EMBRAPNTSBF

-Land use dynamics

-Carbon sequE:stration

-Agroforestry

-Prototype systems

[~- ·~Ven.z""la -- - .~ ~-\ Univ. Ct:nu-al \

-Genotypa x Fe~d ~~'.""-__J .. \ r --.. ----~---_.-

Colombia, Caquéta

Nestla Proj8ct

-Reclamation of

degraded grassland

Colombia, Uanos

CORPOICA

-Irnproved dual plJrpus~

genetics x fsed

Linkages

Savanna:..

Ct!IWUU

Inp~CIAT)

-SrrwUhIJkh...r

(Iai'-yinu

I J

TROPILECHE

CIAT/ILnl/corll,EI L

IVITA,INIA,CODESU

\ JCR/CATIE/MAG/ECAG/ODA/l JNC!1

- Improved leed rE:SOllrCe sy"tUnl!:i

for dual purpos~ Ccttt!t;;

1\IMil

UFlJ

CO! JI >[:.>At-J I -Sy:..t¡:nl:;

anolysi!;

-F,-,'-"d ~y~.lt..'nl'-' lor

allll¿¡! plllpU!:it.! Ci:ltl18

\,- -

CA Ilillsides

CIA I/CIMMYT/lFPnl/CATIE

PA:.>OI AC/Rll-P [¡I[)tIC

EAIJ/PHM/PRl1FliIJOLJ

-Soil qualily a;.:>'ti~smt:nt

-Prototype systt:lms

·Patlid¡-liit'JIY lusuarcll

. Dcdsio!l ~UppUl t sy"tems

¡ Bolivia, SWÜd Cruz

CIAf/ADEPlE/UAGRM

-Gl;Jnblic il)\plov~m<..lnt

x Ft:t:d rl;;~\JllrCl!S

f 101 H:Jw dS

l~dyl.O [)airy Pllojt:l~t

-llllprOVt=ll f,.;¡;d l'esoul'ces

dual plUpose cattlt:

Mexico

FMVZ·U!\[)'{

-U::i8 uf lt:gu!T1es in

,hldl !\(I!I)O~;<! ~ys.kln~

Figure 4. Research linkages between TropileciTe and otiTer consortia and reserch !)roU[lS.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(,)

o

- -

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ,

31

10. Monitoring arrangements

The Exeeutive Committee, described in Section 9, will provide imernal monitoring.

Brief quarterly repores of acüvities wiIl be provided to the Technical Coordinator Either the Animal Nutritionist er LiveslOek Production Specialist wil! visit rhe three sites quarterIy following reeeipt of lhe q1.:anerly reports. A summary repon of activities will be distribuled lo ail projecl members after ¡::ese visits. This wil! allow the ExecUlive Committee lo review activities and direer neceSS2.ry changes in the project. Changes wil1 be recorded in a Chc.11ge F rame \Vorksheet.

Technical and financial rer:;cns T,vill ce provided ro me LPG at 6 mOlllhs, 12 months, 2~ montns and a :mal repon al 36 mc~¡hs.

It is assumed mat tlle L?G ',vill (:J.rry out an end-of-prcj ec: e';:¡lu:tic-n l2.d j:fDv:ce funds fcr thís purpose.

11. EnviTonment:11 i:l1pac:

Environmental impacr o{ rhe ne~v rorage systems \vill be assessed in A.:tivity 3.3 using di[¿!ct indic:!tors - ground coveL pbnr biomass and composition, soil N, macroraunal activity, soil com¡:actiol1, and ind;re'~t ir,c;c"tors - tvpes of feed resources in use, land use and micro-economíc indicJtors.

As there is not likely to be 1 significJ.11t environmental impact wirhin [he tirst (3 year) phase of the ¡:roject, a measure of FC[emial impact '.vin be obtained by comnaring the difference in the indicators in contrasting h:;d use situations which retlect the changes envisaged dlle to introduction of new forage svstems.

Appendix 1. Cost Sc!1edule Al.. l/Al.. 8


- - - - - - - - - - -COST SUMMAIW BY COMPONENT Atm CAl EGOllY (IJSD 000)

Category- --------·-~l --Ye"r 1

~-CIAT --- --~ -U.RI-- - tlAR-=--CA NAR-r't:f\¡ Tu¡.-¡¡ . __ . __ Cor~= I§!.l =- ~~_~-_]S~! ICOóeIS~'= ~-ü_~~: ]Sll eme; 1 '" ,_~ . Cost Summary by componcnt and s urce af tunds .

I

Component 1 251 104 30 _ SO 1 53 50 83 61 ·11/ 265 Component 2 95 120 5U 21 74 58 70 48 :2e~ 241 Componenl3 ~B : 156 79 3U 4' 21 31)

1291

25 :::ú3 183

Subtotal 502 303 110 174 129 183 134 iJbH 695 Subtotal-Cenlers:NARS 012 ,132 I

351

I :¿G::l !J0iJ ti::.!.':!

Overhead (15%- Canter, 4% other) 651

11 15 I

Inflation (4%/year)

I 1 710 1

TOTAL

I ~6iJ

Cost Summary by catooory and .our o 01 fllnd~

Personnel 280 : 190 110 52 68 26 1 72 28 !;30 296 Services O" 82 O 41; B6

771 LO Travel -14 ~.¡;¿ '21 ~) 11 21 O 2U 7 11 10 Trainíng 13 '" ü5 30 O O u O

~I O 6 :lO 12 Capital 85 10 O 11 13 41 13 139 43

Subtolals 502 303 110 129 17' 17.9 183 134 \JG0 695 SubtolaJ-Cenle/s:NARS 612 432 357 263 UGU 095

Overhead (15%· Center, 4% other) 65 11 75 Inflation (4%/year)

TOTAL ~DU ' 770

------

- -CIAT 11.111

Core Isu ecxe 1""

2~1 104 30 95 99 50

ltJ6 10li 30

502 30n 1Hl

612 1 4·1/

6"1

280 175 110 8G ~2 O 11 32 O 30 O O 85 10 o

~O2 300 110

6121 4·17

61

- - - - -Y8élr 2

-ÑAR· CAI·NAR~Pc"i·I--·rot<lJ IC~rü-~ISLl '_ t.OI~~·.]S-~I-- Core----jsil--'· I I - - . --.- ---_ ••

! su 1 53 50 26

1

74 70 62 48 30

138 ! 175 159

342 31U

13 i

52 69 43 54 86 81 21 ! 20

O o o 11 1 :~ o

138 175 15:)

3·12 318

13[

66 66 76 63 2ti 30

167 159

70 37 63 91 10 26 o o

2.1 S

167 150

400 295 259

95'

854

954

528 245'

28 30

122

954

954

954

;>-"

.....

279 258 221:\

765

765

80

34

879

307 324 00 O

35

765

765

60

34

879

-

CQST SUMMARY BY COMPONENT ANO CATEGORY (USO 000)

----'Y¿~ar 3 Calego/)'

--CiAr-- -- ----Il~ñ-J "-- --tJf\H--CAJ -"NAH-Pl;fU

Cor~_]S1~ -=- to¡'i-~-_-l§!J=~]Co¡e -~]§TJ~~ COTt~-=_j~l_l_ ~ Cosi Summary by componcnt ilnd s

Component 1 241 ( 105 30 í 44 53 53 58 6~J Compont:nt 2 97 : 100 50 '4 74 65 76 U:j Component 3 156 I 104 30 ; 55 48 36 3J :j ~ ,

Sub\u\i;jl 404 309 110 : 127 115 158 I uf lúl

Subtotal·Centers:NARS 604 436 34~ I 325

Overhead (15%- Center. 4% other) 65 13

Inflation (4%fyellr)

TOTAL

Cost Summary by category and SDUC

Personnel 280 175 110 ' 52 60 ' 39 72 37 Cervices 56 9" O 54 86 97 63 v:'; Tra'lel 13 29 o: 18 ., 12 15 2·1 Training 20 3 O; 3 O 6 o Il Capital 85 10 o' O 13 4 16 , Subtotals 494 309 110 127

1

175 158 167 lb!

Sub\o\al-Centers:NARS 6041 436 3421 325

Overhead (15%- Canter, 4% olher) 65 ! 13 I

Inflatian (4%fyear) , I

TOTAL

I ~~-- - ----~--- -- - _.! ----. -----

- - - - - - - - - -

füGI Cr~~ __ 1~LI

JI..I2 :.:9"( :~l¡ I

:J .. lb

1.1·16

0·1U

tl31

:lA5 Jo ~ü

114

Q·\(i

8-16

D4tj I

-

Total 3 Yt:<::lrs

~_Uf~_]~U~-

:{"It 1'1~9 815 ::-tJb Be1 /61 ;:3·\ ¡e" 045

fUI :>l:Jm L2Ll

/61 28GG 2221

78 o 233

67 101

!:JOf) 2tiW 25:i5

303 1500 DUo ::!3tl lT2 8·\ I .3 ~2 247 1. 80 30 15 375 57

701 2BGD 22:.!1

7ti1 2tlG9, 2221

" O 233

57

1 101

U06 2861.1 2S~S

- - - - - -,. >-"

N

- -

- - - - - - - -COST SUMMARY BY COMPONENT ANO CATEGüHY (USO OO(J)

Cütegory I _ _, _ _, YE:,Jr 1 --CIAT----¡ - IlRI- - --r~AH-CA

I -160C0--1SlI- _-= góre ':':[SU :.: 1~''!.IS,! At;tlvitlea i Companent 1 Optimizing the usa of rago rc.sourcc¡ l·

1. Feeding IriaJs - 5maJ) ruminanls J '

2. Grazing expts.genotype x environ. interactions

3. Dry soason supplementalion

4. Assess value of indicalors

Inpub

Personnel Animal nulritionist Uvestock specialist Technical assislance PhO/MSclPostdoc Secretarial assb:itance

Subtetal

Services

SUbtotal

Vehicle ¡ease/maioten. FeedingJgrazing ldals Laboratory Tech.loffice supplies Communication

Travel IntemaUonal

Subtolal

Training

Subtotat

Capital

StJbtotal

Regional

On-site

Maintenance of facilities New equipment

Total-Component 1

ó5

,o

7

102

7 20 ' 15 10 4

56.

3

3.

10

10'

30 50

80

251

30 30

60

7 15 10

32

2

2

o

10

10

104

30

30

O

o

o

O

30,

15

7

22

8 3 2 1

14

3

3

o

11

11

50

¡

I

, , 8

2

18

12 10

3

26

o

8

8

53

12

12

5 15

3 3 1

27

2

2

O

4

" o

50

- - - - ------- -I--~ _~~Ar~ IJ<::r.~I._ . .1 ('lel.' ..

.,º-~.r~ __ j~~~L __ ~_C:"<:: !~\ I .:.

3 4

8

3

18

8·

15 7 1

31

4

4'

o

10 20

30

a3

, 3

7

6 20

5 3 1

35

6

6

o

10 3

13

61

62 3e 56

O 12

168

27

'5 25 12

11~j

o o

ti

10

lO

", 7(¡ .

110

411

O u

6, 3,

7

101

10 58 21

8 3

108

o 13

13

o

O

14 L~

"3

2(,5

CI/\T t:;(~r~' __ JS!:I_ ~- I;"'~

I

11 n! [Sl!

55

40

7

102

7 20 15 10

4

56

3

3

10

10

30 tiO

80

251

30 30

60

7 15 10

1

32

2

2

u

lO

lO

10"1

30

31)

o·

u

u

O,

3U

- - -Year 2 - -NAR __ o cA--

¡COce [SU-

I

15

7 I

d

lO 5 2

10

"

4

01

6

o

50

4 4 8

2

18

12 10

3 1

26

o

8

8

53

12 6

18

:5

" 6 3 1

30

2

2

O

" 5

9

50

¡~~~~~I-~Lt~ I

3 4 8

3

18

8 15

7 1

31

4

4

O

5 8

13

66

8 6

14

8

20 7 3 1

39

8

8

O

5

5

66

-Tola!

Core _~JS1¡

62 38 56 O

12

168

27 '5 25 12

4

113

O 6

8

10

10

43 58

101

O O

65 42

7

"' 20 6U 28

8 3

118

o 10

16

o

O

o 21

30

·100 270

,... >--'

w

- -

caST SUMMARY BY COMPONENT AHO CAl EGUHY (USO OÚO)

- --._-

¡ruIOI3 y,a" Ca"tegory- ---¡---- , ___________ .Y~i.lr3 __ . _________ . __

CIAT l ItRI "AR - CA I NAR Pe' U ~rIJli.l1 ,Com~~·nt1 Optirni:z:lng the use of tl~9r~ r~~ ~=-.. ~ (;1?!e_=l~LI-~- T":(~-~ :_I~-lr.=',C~!U __ [SLI~- C(ilu - I~;~ I COI~ _ Is~.1 ,ACUVULCS

1. Feedina lrials· smalJ ruminants

2. Grazing expls.genotype x enviran, inleraclions

3_ Ory season supptementation

4. Assess value of indicators

Inputs Personnel Animal nutfitioniM 55 _ 4 3 G:' O 18G, o liv€lslUCk spt:cialist 30 _ 4 4 Ju " 11·( o Technical assistance 40 30 15 6 12 B ti t,G 05 10B HJ I PhD1MSc/Postdoc J{J 3 (, (( :m o 1H Secretarial as!oislance 7 ( I 2 3 " 1 3G 21

Subtotal 102 60 30 n 18 15 18 14 H:i8 111 50-1 3;'l1 Services Vehicle lease/mi.linten_ 7 1 12 5 6 • 27 20 61 58 Feedinglgrazing Iríais 20 15 10 10 15 15 20 45 60 135 H8 Laboratory 15 10 5 3 8 -, lO :(5 " 75 '2 Tech_/office supplies 10 2 3 3 12 B 36 ;':---1 Comrnunicalion 4 1 -1 3 1¿ 9

Sublota! 56 : 32 O 10 26 32 31 4:': 113 124( 339 3:-;1 Travel Inlemational

((

1~ I O O Regional 3, 3 4 2 4 " ti 2-1 46 Subtolal 3 3 o: 4 2 4 8 8 'J 24, 46

Training On-site I () 20 O

Subtotal O O O O O 01 O O [) [) 20 O Capital Maintenance of facilities 30 B 4 " 5 4:-\ 9 134 :12 New equipment 50 lO O ~() 1(; 17i3 (,6

Subtolal 80 lO O' O 8 4 5 G ~:3 2~) 312 !J8

Tolal- Component 1 241 ' 105 3Q i 44 5:1 ': 53 58 ü:} 'JU1 '¿.TI j-IUU B:!1 ----- -

" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,(~

.¡o-

- -

~ - - - - - - - - - - - -COST SUMMARY BY COMPONENT ANO CATEGOHY (USO 000)

CalegmY·~------- ------- ---~----- Y~di

--CiAt---'¡----·ILR¡-· ... , _.- .. ,-¡A1f- CA--j- -N¡Ú{::f,-GrÚ--~-1 -T(jti.lf

-- Gare rS¡L= .CCU~ --l§:!I=--lfd~;i~]~P--=_lf~re ]~IT _=- qÜI~ -JSt ' __ tomponent 2lmproved feeding syst ms tor dual pUOlOse catUe 1

Activities i ¡ ; I 1, Evaluale different farage syslems I I

Z> Forage syslems tor early weaning

3. Integration of in/armalian with sysla modf<ls

4. Worll.hops-methodorogy for on-farm research

Inputs Personnel

Sublolal

Animal nulritíon Liveslock speciah~t For<lge agronomist Systems analysVecon. Technical assi¡,tance P/'lO/MSc

Services Vehic!e leaseJmaill.

Subtolal

Travel

Subtotal

Traifling

Subtalal

Capital

On-farm Irials Laboratory analyses Tech./affice supplies Communication

l_nlernational Regional

WOIkshops

Subtotal

Total Component 2

11'

32 :

15

4: 70 I 30

62· tOo

7 4

5 10 10

2

24

4

4

o

5

5

95

14

8

6

3

o I

:~ol

50

50 "

o'

01

o

o,

50,

:1 2

10

6 5

11

o

o

21

4 , 12

ti

26

15 20

5

2

42

6

6

o

ti

6

10 24

7

42

4

4

" ti

() C!:

74~61

J

"' 12

" 3-1 '

8 15 2

25

6

6

o'

5,

5

(O

8

8

7 :W

2 2

32

2

2

6

6

O

48

w O :.(1 O ~,LJ {J

O 70 J() 14

4 JO

1 ¡:¿ 114

30 2t:: ::>5 44 1:2 2 10 21 4 3

01 98

[) 1}

16 17

16 2~1

o 15

o 15

lO ()

lU {J

28~ 250

CIAr --1-- -H.HI Coro _ IS~I eore ¡su

11

32

15 4

62

7

5 10 2

24

4

4:

o

5

5

95

70

(O

ti

5 10

21

o

o

01

o

9'

tJo'

50

o

Oi ,

o

o

50

O

7

4 2

14

2 5

7

O

5

5

26

- - - -Yeor 2 -NAR-~-CA- -T---NAR-peru I ""7rotal

ICO'" ¡SLI 'lcoce~J§IJ __ ~ Co'~=-IS[¡_

J I

4 4

12

6

26

15 20

5

2

42

6

G

o

o

7, ,

12

12

10 25

8 2

46

12

12

o

o

70

I

3 '1

18

15

40 :

8 15

2

25

6

6

o

5

5

76

12

12

10 20

6 2

39

12

12

o

O

63

18 56 62

O 36

4

178 '

30 35 12 10 4

., O

16

16

o

o'

JO'

10,

295

o O O

'ro 24

O

94

33

'5 23 16 3

120

2 37

39

o

O

" 5

258

,~

I~

u.

- -

COST SUMMARY BY COMPONENT AND CATEGOHY (USO 000)

Category- I _ _ __ Year 3 ~-- - -~-_ ~. --ClAT-r---1LRI - - - -Ni\¡¡-:-C¡\--\----;¡¡':R P.,,;-

Componen' i Impro.ed feedlng sys' )<:0'. :JslI-_ Coi"-]j;ll_:~ ¡coce::JSll ___ ,ca,~- ISU _ . rsL!~---Actlvitles i 1. Evaluate different foraga syslems 1

2. Forage sYstems forearlyweaning

3. Integration ot Information with sy:;;ta modals

14. WorkhopS-methodotogy far on-farm research

Inputs

11 ! Personnel Animal nutrition 4 3 111 IJ 54 n Uvsstock sp .. cialist 50, 4 4 tJe IJ 114 O Forags agronomist 32 ,~ 12 18 52 IJ 150 O Syslems anaJysUecon, 70 O 70 O, 210 Technical assistance 15' 6 8 15 " ::lG 1" 10tl b4 PhOJMSc 4'

4 n " :J()

Subtotal 62 ; 70 50 O 26 8 40 O l/e BG 520 284 Services Vehicle tease/ma¡n 7 6 7 15 10 8 lU 30 3J 00 94 On-farm trials 20 25 15 2(J ~5 " ·¡[l5 134 laboratory analyses 5 5 4 5 3 2 -1 12 10 36 41 T ech./office supplies 10 10 2 ti ,1 10 22 30 !)9 Comrnunication 2 2 ti 1 4 3 12 o

Subtotal 24 21 O 14 42 45 25 30 01 119 273 3~17

Travel Internatlonal 2 O 2 () 10 Regional 6, 6 5 6 10 6 lO 18 31 50, 05 Subtolal 61 6 01 7 6 10 6 lU lB 3:} 50 85

Ttalning Workshops 5 , O tu O ¿5

Subtolal O 3 O 3 O 6 O G O 10 O 25 Capílal 5 , 1U " JO ,

Subtolal 5 O O O O o , o 10 O 30 5 iotal Component 2 97 100 50 24 74 60 76 in 29/ 248 Be¡ 756 __ J __

""" >~

'"

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - -CQST SUMMARY BY COMPONENT AND CATEGOHY (USD 000)

Category

Compoñ8ñf3 Utllliyof foraga s"Yito Activitles 1 Oiagnostics 01 land use aM

socio-economics 2. Study of (jernand and acceplatilily

3. Evaluation 01 environment<t! impact

4. ResearCh linkages

5. Dissemination of results

Inputs Personnel

Sublotal

Services

Subtotal

'Travel

Subtolal

Training

Subtotat

Nutritionist Livestock specialist Forage agronomist SOils specialist GIS data analyst Agríe. anlhropologist Economist PhD\MSc Technical assistance

Vehicle lease/maín. Laboralory analyses Tech.foffice supplies Comrnunicaliún Projeclliaison Linkage-CONDESAN Linkage-Maracay Unkaga-FMVl·UADY linkage-TLPJBra:ól

Inlernalional Regional Consortia meeting

On-sila al CIAT

Capital Capital - Mainlenance - New

Subtotal

Total Component 3

--- -~- Ye~f 1 --CIAf- -~\--IL-RT----- -NAR----·CA--

~o,e ~sLI-=Iº~";lsll -'leo," "lslT-

, ,

11,

22 10 10 ' 22 ' 11

30

116

5

3 4 4

16

4,

41 20

20

o

156 .

30

i 301

2 10

4 5

5 10

36

10 3

13

o

n

7"

30

30

o

01

o

o

30

30

30

2

20

22

J 3

G

o

o

!18

I

4

" " 5 3

3

24

ti 5

" "

18

o

o

5

5

47

8

8

3 3 1

8

5

5

o

" 21

- - -- -NAH-Peru -1 Total

Core- JSLI -- el)¡-,,- 1St 1--

10

10

20

4

4

o

o

" Ii

I :.\0

5

8

13

3

2

7

5

5

o

" 2t>

lO 31 2li 10 2·1

2/ 2·1

33

'"0 1~

e I

I

'1

" " " "

3G

(1,

" ,,' .¡

20

2fJ

11

11

26',-<'

o Il (j

!l

5 (j

o 30 30

81

" Ó

15

6 5

¿o 5

10

/3

o iJ 16

29

o

!l

o

n

1t\3

-clAr

C\!re --l~;¡;f

11

" 10 10 22 ' 11

30

116

5

3

" 4

16

4

--1- -----'leRI

C(;¡-~-TSL.l I

45

45

Ó 10

" 5

5 10

30

1~)

10

31!

;-)[j'

o'

4: , 22 01 20

20 1) [1'

o " o'

ltl6 10li 'JO

- - -

;:'0

30

2

20

22

4 3 ,

10

o

o

62

Year2 ---ÑA:R ~ -cA. --- -k -NAR-P0ru

re"" ISlr-¡,;meJSlT

" , 4 4

" J

25

o 5

" 3

10'

o

o

5

5

48 '

3

10

13

6 3

11

G

I

6 I

!l

o

30

, 10

12

4 3

7

o

o

6

ti

25

6 5

11

6 3 2

13

6

6

o

o

30

-letal

~(J!i~~J ~1I---

15 31 26

'" 24 27 11

33

183

15 8 7 -¡

4 O O

" O

41

n , ' O,

41 20

2D

11 :

11

250

o O

D

9 5 O O

30

" 99

12 11 15 1 o 5

20 5

10

85

4 15 25

44

O

O

O

o

225

- -

í:: --J

COST SUMMARY BY COMPONENT AND CATEGOHY (USO 000)

Catego,," I ,--, -- -- - . YeJ< ,'- -.- ,. , ~;;¡' ye",. ! - eIAT' IlRI ~_.- ~-NAH"~-CA - --NA[{ P(.;H] T;;[;¡

'Core~~ls~(~~ º~.i JS!,T -=TC21~~~-I§~_f __ ~(:?j'; ~ \~l~_1 - _I~~()I\! '-_ j0l} - ~oie", j~!J-= Component 3 Utllity o, forage syste " Act;I/lties

I 1 Diagnostics of land use and

I socio-economia;¡

2. Study al demand and accep!ability I

3. evaluation at environmenta/ impact

4. Research linkages

5. Díss.emínation of results

Inpub Personoel Nutritianisl 11 4 15 o 45 o Uvestock specia!ist 30, 1 :\1 O 93 u Forage agronomist 22 4 :¿6 O '(U u Soils specíalíst 10 4 6 4 8 lB 14 44 ' :L) GIS dala ana.lyst 10 4 14 o 6;¿ 10 Agric. anlhropologist 22 ,

'.'1 o 81 U Economlst 11 10 "1 '( 50 " PhD\MSc 3D

101 30 Technical assis\ance 30 45 1 3 :n ss 99 1,18

16\ Subtata! 116 4ó 30 30 25 14 1:; 1 u5 IO!:i 55<.\ 2ul') Services Vehicle lease/main. S' 6' ~I 4 1; 15 12 45, 30 Laboralory analyses 5 5 9 4 B 10 21 ;:¡2 Tech./offlc& supplies 3 111 2 4 "1 ¿ 7 20 2'1 I LO Communicalion 4 3 7 1 21 3 Project liaison 4 4

'1 ·1 6 12 : 18 Linkage-CONDESAN 5 O 5 Il 15 Linkage-Maracay 20 O 20 Il 00 Linkage-FMVZ-UADY 5 I O 5 Il 15 linkage-TLPIBrazH 10 I O 10 1> :)0

Sublotal 16 30 O 22 '. 20 ¡ 7 t4 ." 95 120 . 2!¡3 I Tr,avel lnternal!onal 4 o 4 o; ti Regional 4 10 3 4 13 " '11 ConSOr1ia meeting 111 L 11 o lO

Sublotal 4 ! 20 01 '( o: O 01 O 10 33 IU: 106 T,a!nlng On-sile al CIAl 20

2(] 11 {jO, O Sublotal 20 11 O O O O 11 11 ~O 11 60 O

Capital Capilal - Mainlenance 5 (; 11 O ::n o ~ New

¡>::; Sublotal O 11 O O 5 O 6: ú 11 O 33

60'1:1 ~41 m TotaJ Componenl3 156 30 59 4B 36 3J 3~ x;; 23·1 780 ---

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


Appendix 2. ColIaborating institutions A2 . .1/A2 .. 10

1. Description of collaborating instiiutions

lARCS:

CIAT has a global mandate to identify and develop forage germpiasm :or tne suohumio ano humid traoies and an ecoreQional mandate to conduct strates;!ic research directed towards '- -

sustainable land use for the tropical lowlands and mid-altitude hillsides cf Central arrd Sou!h .".merica. It is the lead Cemer fer the Ecoregional Program ror Tropical .".merica. It has speci3.lists in the areas of forr:.ge ge!}etic reSQurces, foíage impro-vement. forage quality. soi1 science, ~conorrücs, antnropclcgy 31:¿ }ar:d '.lse.

fLRI na.'l a global mandate XI liVe5toC~( resear.:h. It has spe·::alis-::s In :I:e sz;:2.s or' l:llffi,ll genetics, animal health, livestock producticn systems and lives~cc~( pc~:c=/ Jilalysis.

Advanced Researeh Org:mization:

A2.!

Cornelll-~ni\·ersiLv. US.\. hes a strong researcn ana tcacJ.ing prcgrlffi i:: .-\Ilü::al Sc:c:lce. It :.:!S

specialists in ruminanr nutritÍan. liv"estccK prod:.Ictio11 systems, nutr:tior: :.nd sys~e:lls fficde~E:.g ana rescurce ~ccnomics. Cornell \vclJld make a majar contrioution tQ\y3.:CS tile researea in ut:Iization of {eee resource$ lIld in tbe design of On-f2fTI1 research tbrough ffiodelling Ol:'

prcduc:ion syste::ls. flnd in sllpe~visicn of postg~aduate stLldents.

National A.griculturai Research Institutions:

Costa Rica:

Centro A!Zrorrómico Trooic:ll de Tnvesti2ación v Enseñanza (CA TIE) is a non-pretit institution that serves 11 member countries in Central :ma Seuth Amer;ca. Jt sUFfcrts J.nd executes researcn and training in agricultural activities, forestry, biotechnoiogy, integrate¿ pes: management, agraforestry, and \vatershed management. In addition to training by means of shor! cour,es, CA TIE has a post-graduate scheol offering MS degrees.

Escuela Centroamericana de Ganaderia (ECAG) a regional institurion eSlabiisned by the Governments of Costa Rica and Great Britain. It has a 3-year curricula producing technicians in the field of animal production. Students come from aH countries in Central .-\merica. It has a large dairy herd and good facilities for sta11 and grazing experiments. ECAG currently collaborates with CIAT in forage germplasm evaluation for the seasona1ly dry tropics.

Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) is !he largest of !he four institutions \vhich comprise !he public system of college education in !he country. The UCR is currently elaborating a doctorate degree on sustainable agriculture in collaboration wi!h universities fram the United States. It has arr agricultural research center which includes a soillaboratory, animal nutrition laboratory, research stations arrd collaborating farms.

Universidad Nacional. Costa Rica (UNCR) has strong land use and economics departments and has conducted activities in the area of the benchmark site.



A2.2

Ministerio de Aaricultura v Ganaderia IMAGl is the official government institution of the agricultural sector for Costa Rica. Its mandate is to do adaptive research and transfer technologies to improve the prccuctivity, profirability, and sustainability of the producrion svstems of small and medium agricultural producers In addition, lvlAG has the responsibility to supervise all animal and ?lan! protection and health programs.

Overseas Deveiooment Administ;ation (ODA) is rhe bmach of the British Government Forei~n and Commonwealth Oftlce resronsible for overseas aid programs. ODA is currentl;; involved in several projects in Costa Rica involving livestock and agroforestry activities. The proposed project would build on this experience in the inrroducrion of improved torages ro overcome dry season nutrient deficiencies for dual purpose cuttle production.

Peru:

Consorcio Dara Desarrolle Scste::ible de e-cavaE (CODESU) is an inter-instirutional consorrium formed to coordinate research alld development activities in the Amazonia of Peru in the Ccayali Wltershed. It is active in purtir:g together coDsorria for developmenr activities and in approaching bi-l1,eral dcncrs :cr su!:'c:ort. A:l che other organizations are members of CODESt-: CIAT and ICR--\F are ':S50c1;::e5.

Insütl~to Nacional de Investi22.c:':n Azraria (G1A) is the governrrlent orgQ..L'1ization responsiblc for applied and adaptive research 2.nd tecnnology ~rJ.nsfer in Perno L'il.-\ h:.lS be~n acri've in on-f.1ITn research in Pucallpa in associaúm \virh rhe otner organizations and w::h CLU.

Instituto Veterinario de Investi!Zaciones Tropicales v de Altura (IVITAl is a research institute of lhe Cniversidad Nacional de San :vlarcos, Lima. It has a research center in Pucallpa which undertakes research in dual cattle production and mixed systems for sustainable land use in tlle farest margins. It has experiecced staff in foruge evaluation, animal nutrition and livestock production and good facilities fcr research.

2. Contact addresses of collaborating institutions

USA: Comell University Department of Animal Husbandry Morrison Hall Ithaca NY 14853 480 1 USA

Phone: 1-607-2552858 Fax: 1-607-2559829

Costa Rica:

CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza) Turrialb~ Costa Rica

Peru:

Phone (506) 566431 Fax: (506) 561533

ECAG (Escuela Cemroaméricana de Ganaderia) Apartado 7, Atenas Costa Rica

Pbone (506) 4465050 Fax: (506) 4465106

:\L-\G (i'vlinisterio de Agricultura y Ganadería) Dirección l\acional de Investigación

_-\g:-opecuaria .';'p3rtado Postal 10094 1000 San José, Costa Rica

Phone: (506) 2962495 F:lx: (506) 2960858

GCR (Vniversidad de Costa Rica) Escuela de EstJ.aÍsr:ca San Pedro Mames de Oca San José, Costa Rica

Phone: (506) 2074034 Fax: (506) 22493ó7

IVII.-\ (Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura) Avenida Circunvalación km 6.5 S211 Borja, Lima 41 Apartado Postal 41. 0068 Lima, Perú

Phone (51-14) 353059 Fax (51-14) 353064

IN1A (Instituto Nacional de Invesügación Agraria) Avenida Centenario km 400 Apartado Correo 521 Pucallpa, Perú

Phone (51-64) 572754 Fax (51-64) 575009

CODESU (Consorcio para el Desarro!1o Sostenible de Ucayali) Baltazar La Torre 490 San Isidro Lima 27, Perú

Phone: 51-14221315 Fax: 51-14220044

AZ.3



3. Letters of support froID collaborating institutions

Letters of support are included from Comell, ECAG and ¡VITA. Letters and assurances of support have been received [rom ¡he other organizations named in this propasa!.

A2.4

Cr Peter Keu:cge, L~ader T:opical FC(3~eS Progr.3m CiAT PaJliwa Cclcmbla F~X 07/24-45-0273

Ssar Peler,

>'.",\ 'i<,,'k :-; .tI ... (\)::('¿:;,~ "~ ;;'~II,·:.Jlll:r, ",lid 1.1 1,. <...:.. ; ... ;~" ~

~l()n ::,(,;, 11.-'dl 111',,11;( .\',' I L",;~,. l::C~

.~:2. 5

Thls :¿>:1er:;.;:() c:ongratl!~:.'dc C~A: :;t9if !Or ;:'jf';:;~I~i¿::;';;1r. C;::C8íiéll[ ¡TlUltlui.sc;)::i"ar/ ~';S,:::3·':::::¡ ;íC!~V

· .... ¡:~1 :he n¿¡ci?':isary ins:I;~!tlnnai iink2ge~ for iacnchll''',g 3nd '5~Sla;ni¡¡g:::; :jiJCC"e:,~ru! ¡Jlcc;rarr.;¡¡ ~hi$ ..... e·/ alt:"o. 7his <'lIso c:.n;l:ms :hat lh(,_<:;,::¡ who Me 1;;'/01';12'0 Irl my dl,;ai.pur~c'Se -=::tt:c resBale!1 ~;It1'gram ú~iI :e :Ieése·j ~c ::;::;,ilacCr3(::: ',w;' lhe C;AT ·16-d COrlsoí.;Ui7'l

S'iS~~m~ r:;:'.';;:8:.-,ir::J J ~rJ!t¡·cerir:d :"",¡-::::~;z?:¡':'r1 ~':"':CCC!:D 2'ra:L;'':¡: ... ::-til",,~,-:c.t;'¡8 !r'iC!;;~ccx: ai~G :,~¡:::W';

!'?r:-~¡,,,In,:rr:,~ ,,:¡r; .::ru·:::::ll :;',--;t'2rn :-::Jr~::¡t,,,,i,'"!t~. ~rj ~'i::!:";::::~:i1;; ",::Ir>,¡¡ ~~I~C:¡;-;:3nc,~ "r.:C~:::--:~-:jl.:> :I!~::

IraJ:aG"'mA<'"1( ::.r,rlIlLÍrr.lon input"J Tt",e pro,i~ct !úc:,,;s en 'o'ov9.rlt ·.,;ti~:r:¡l:al S'Grrr.osittc-: ¡)2:2'''':;!t~~'::. -::!;.c

uOlintion 01 ~i:r;:¡G;;-"<;' ~11~ o\,her fCo::'ds ... ,11 ~rr:1it ''''Iid~~,cr~~d .,1¡;:;1l':l';;~!n8rilll~1::' of tt':!S ,ntcrr·::::CIl L:v fostennQ a ;J,o¡iMly r;;:,lihf8ted CNCPS. Co~~~r;\I~I;lly a¡;pr:--pri¡;:~;; !echllH':-¡{ r...:v~rfic;eí1ts c:lJ:d jo Je!:'J:Jl: fe[ JS~ n an crtirntZ8t~on mocol lo mere holi3~lcaily e~·ai ..... i'i¡;) );y~s:cck and tarn-:rnlj !;..,.~tem alt;arna:t.es,

la!":", ;J:eased In rA[",rt that. d¿sC:tc seYer~ ;-:C!cg'3t ¡;rcbler:ls :orctn'9 $ig:llf¡c~rll CiJ','Ir.Slzmg, tlic Cc:lI'?l)!? oí "::'gr:::;u!twe ar.d Lif61 Scisnc2s 3:grcos \0 ¡)8r~:ai!'I sup¡:::or1 Ihls coilatola~()!I I,.;y wai\:ng S;;·~4CI\r ~

tl,;l¡en !or ese.'": 01 3 doctoral stud¿;ni'5 '.'Ihose ;c:;oarc.'l .,,'cuia :e cSlJicated :0 this cOIl':¡¡:(1ft1L'ftl prco;;ram,

I.,lrrl¡:;.il Ur;r~'er~¡ty:5 ¡:liea¡;:;¡;¡rl 1m this cppor!.uní:y to work WI:;'. :ht! CGiA,R Ccntcrs, Wllll-:Il pU(tt"r:as SUf..'S:2Y;5:

2nr:c:hment lo :~s tacult'j an.j studi1nts siso thrOí¡rlh ,nlerac::ors 'fflth a Idíge nUllloor (1( IlHtlUITCli res-eaic,,":

oí'JanizalioIlS,

ce· D. Fox H Kaiser P,Oltenacu H Hlntz P Van Soas!

/i S¡¡:cer¿iy, .,pD á{., ~C'-~jl ¡J

- (//jf.J'V'l /,L rl~ ~nW,Blake

Professcr Animal Sc:ence Infernationel Agnculture & RUrfll Da .... eloprnent

I ",

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I


11 de ulio, 1995 DG-3 ~

Dr. Peter C. Kcrridge Líder Programa F orraje:-:s Tropicales CIAT

Estim2..co Dr. Keu:dge

La Escuela Centro;Lller:cana ée Ganadería (EC.-\.G) es una insúmción cen~oa."'11eric;:u"':a

plra la edec3.ción y C2.p2.c:13.ción parauni'versilaria en producción agropecuarl;:::" áreas atInes y ~rcc~sos :::¿~:::=-:::.:.!'=s 2..scciad·:,s. ir:cl:Jye;1cc 2s7ectos seciales. eCD~ómiccs v ce

A la fecha se n3.n gr:ldu::.:.,':o más de 350 profesior:ales en Producción .-\nÍmaL provenienes -l.",1 -í-",'l "O ........ "''"1........,.:>~;~'l,....'1 Sn ;~<::·"''''':o',... -"'Tl ",1 n"'''',..r''l¿'-''' ''lhnr"j n:l ,id .... ",,"virOSo 01 aro¿· ... , ~'" ~_ .......... _ \,... ...... ~.v'-~ •• '- •• _ ....... ~. '_ ••• ~ ........... ¡~ _. __ •••• _ .......... v J'-~'-' ..... ~ ...... ..,_ e '- .... .l .. - '"'": ..... =, ..... 'lo. L ....

r.o poder smisface:- la d~~and.1 de emplec¡cores por ~gresJdos de esta institución, segú...'1 nuestra "Bolsa de Trabajo" a la fecha.

Dt:rame b "X Cumbre de Presidentes Centroameric:l!1os", ce!ebrada en San Salvador en julio de 1991. en su Plan de Acción par:¡ la Agricult:Jra del área. cor-Ilere;¡ a la ECAG la responsabilidad de forrnOI técnicos de la región centroamericana para el sector agropecmrio y prate!:ción del rr.edio 3 .. ::"loie::lte.

Posteriorme;¡te. en marzo de 1993, el Consejo Regional de Ministros de Agricultura de Centroamérica. ~kdco y República Dominicana. acordó según Resolución XIII-8. impp1s2!' cO!1\"e!"lios d~ cnopfTlC'i6n. hil~tf?r(!l rnr!1 la regionalización de la ECAG. A la fecha se han suscito convenios con tres países: Pa,-tami, Nicaragua y El Salvador. En proceso de firma: Guatemala y Honduras.

En 1993, el Consejo Directivo de la ECAG decide planificar el rumbro de la ECAG hacia el año 2000, sobre la experiencia capitalizada, infraestructura desarrollada y las necesidades de recursos humanos C:lpaces de enfrentar los grandes cambios que el nue,'o órden económico demanda para los países del área centroamericana.

C!;.;IW"'J ~Jfl, 9?/ca c;{};1¿/¿n-:. !.!ió-::70S0 - r:;jJf.~~ l.. ~ti-578 S

DL Peter C. Kerridge 12 de julio. 1995 A2.7 Pág. 2

Para camplir con los mandatos antenores, la ECAG ha logrado cesarrollar una infraestructura adecuada, ta."1tO en recursos físicos como humanos, con fir:es productivos, investigación aplicada y prograrr:(!s de capac:I3.ción para la fOffilc.C:ér: j~ Iéc:licDS de centro~érica y productores de la región,

La ECAG cuenta para el desarrollo de sus prograoas, en.~e otros, cen los slgUlc~zes recursos:

LTn hato de ganadc de CJ.IT:.e. registra¿o y comercial, de aprox~:nadar.:.er:.te 450 a..'"1imJ.les.

Un hato para lJ. prOct:cc:én de leche. uno escecializado y otro ~2!a Sls:em::s de doble pro;:ósito, cen a¡:rox::nCid2.menc 170 c~bezas.

Programas de industria cárnica y láctea.

Progr=as de P~oducc¡ón ."'nimal no Tradicional (Caimanes. Iguanas. Lombriz Roja Californiana).

Programa para la investigación de Pasturas Tropicales en asocio con o[ CL'" T.

Intalaciones apropiadas para cursos residenciaies durante todo el año.

Por nuestros compromisos con d sector pecuario de lJ. región, la re!:.ción scstenida con su organización, ha sido muy positiva y el beneficio de lo alcanz:¡do en es.a alianza estratégica, nos ha permitido llegar con información muy valiosa sobre los resultados obtenidos, tanto en producción y manejo de forrajes tropicales como también sobre la producción de semillas de algunas de ellas. a varios centenares de productores anualmente.

Por lo anterior, en primer instancia, quiero expresarle nuestro reconocimiento a su· organización por haber permitido a la ECAG participar, a través de nuestro Director Académico, Dr, Francisco Romero, en la última reunión de consulta sobre la iniciativa pecuaria a nivel de grupC' consultivo para la investigación agrícola internacional, celebrada recientemente en CaH, Colombia.

I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I


Dr. Perer C. Kerridge 12 dejuEo. 1995 Pé.g . .J

C;!.J¡CJI'l';~ '~J~l d1.ú;a

g-1..'¡;'l¿J"t(". !;!.-(i-50,j(i - da . ./:~·46'-.5¡S3 ,

A~.8

Seguidarr..ente, me penni~o !TI2.r~ifestJ.Ile que para la EC.A.G sería un enorrr.e privilegio pmic;par en la ejecución de algunas tareas o actividades compatibles con el quehacer de es:;] :nstirución eG invest:g::c:ón :1 rjyel de campo~ valorJ.ciones productivas y progrllillas de ex:erJ.Sión y capacitación, :2...-:to ea Costa R:.:~ CDCO en los países del á:e2.. de iniluenc:a.

r ::::.l....-r.e:l:e. d::s·eo rei:e:n n'.le.st:-o g:::m e;:xsio.smo e incondicional apoyo ~ara a~:~ el proyecto "Sistema ¡y fej orado de Aliffier:tación J. Base de Legumi:lCS2.S p2.:':.l Gan:.:.de::3. de Doble Propósito de Pequef.os P:oduc:cres", pueda c:is\:J.lizarse en bt:r:reIlcio je ~a g812.c..:ria !rcpic3.1 de las .~l1éric2.s,

Dese:i:1coL:s el rI1ayor Ce los ¿xi tos. suscrib-:: .:~ UStc2 , ccn ¡as m~é'SLr.:s ,:].~ mi ll..21."Ot

estima y consideración: reSDcI110S2J11cnte.

/-~, I

/' / POR ESCl,'ELA CENTROA,,¡E?JCANA DE GA0iADERIA

,. I I '~ ,.!--- (

.~. ()LLI};.'-'.'--'--! ,1 '\

Jesé Pedro Siílch'ez G.l :'f.Sc.

D·" -P 1 lrector-vener~

I i

xm~lciaG33* 12.7 I

\

UNIVERSIDAD N:\CIONAL ilL-\.YOR DE SA'f ~,L\RCOS (U~iYersió¿ ól Peu, D~CANA D=: A.\~E?:C. ...... l

VICE:~RECTC.~ACO ACÁDE.I,.\IC~

CE~TRO DE IN'/::S7IGA.CION I:-S;-iTUTO \lElE?L'\!~\:<:O DE INVEST1GA::!Oi'\ES TRCPJCAL=S y CE AGC:.'-.-\

\l, V .1. T .A.:

Sdil 3,-~~ja, 12 [:2 .}"llio de 199:

OFICIO ~º 0219-95-C.1 .. i\"iTA

S:eñc: DOC'.:0[ Fe:~r C. ~err~dg~

A;;,"..:-:.1.l~v A¿r~o 5-" C.11 ~, C:::;LC~,13 ~ .~,.-

r.-\x : (57-:) .1":'.50-273

De mi consideración

Al.S

La ~r::!$e:lte tiene por finalii,J.d ag:-adecer po~- su g~:1 il invi:ación a part~cipnr e~ el Consorcio Tropileche a través e: cual se scmeterá el pro:.'ec:o "~:;'lp:L,J';¿;d Leg"J;ne-based feej :1g systems fOI smallholder dual-purpose cattle production" al Syste:n¡¡,:ide Livestock Ini~i:1ti'¡e.

La pa:ticipación del IVITA en el me~cionado p~oyecto es de gran impc:tancia teda vez que este se e~~arca ¿entra de los fines y obje,ivos de nuestra institución, cuales son las de mejora;- la producción y ut i 1 ización sostenible de los recursos al imenticios, desarrollando estrategias en los sistemas de cultivo y ganadería que permitan conservar y mejorar "lOS suelos y pasturas en el trópico húmedo. Fines, a su vez, de enorme transcendencia en el desarro'llo pecuario cel país y de la reglón de Pucallpa en particular.

El proyecto, a su vez, permitirá reiniciar los trabajos colabcrativos entre el CIAT y el IrITA, interrumpidos por causas ajenas R nuestra voluntad. Trabajo colaboratlvo que potenciará a nuestra institución en su capacidad para la generación de conocimientos y dar solución, mediante investigación estratégica ya nh'el de finca, a los grandes problemas que enfrenta los pequeftos productores de la reg\ón de Pucallpa.



A2.1D

GNIVERSIDA D j\-ACION.'".L ?lIA YOR DE S.-\.:\ ?lBReOS (U~ivefsi¿cd del Perú, DECANA CE AM~KICA}

V!CE~~.ECTCRACO AC).D::'\UCO

(l,'!.I.T.A.l

Fax: 51 - ¡4 - 4352C6J;

(Of. ~º 0219-95-C.I. ~ IVITA)

Po~ 11:imo, q~isiera a;~~d~cer la nominaci6~ ce. IV!!.-\. CC2C

Institución líder en Pucallpa para las actividades propuestcs a nivel de Estación Experimental Y de fincas. \"orr:inación que acepta~os con g~an r~sponsabi:idaj en eL cGn~e~c~mi¿ntc ~ue et éxito de esta. pro;:ucsta ay~...:d2rá a mejora.:- los sistemils de producción ani~al sostenible del pequefto projuc:o~ de la regió~ .. .

i a el [,oa:ne;,::. c[~;:a.

Atenta!T!ente,

'FS:,f!nm.

I I I I I

Appendh 3. Benchmark sites i\3 .. 1/AJ .. 3 I I I I I I I I I I I -


General characteristics

Central Pacific Region Costa Rica

I Location 1 Pacific coast. Central America

I 1

EC2Sji stem I Subhurr:id/humid tropical I I

Topography Hilly, steeply undulating

I Altitude O - 15GO ID

,

SOll Alfiso]s "-,'ld Ultiso]s moderate pH (5-6) , ]ow bases and P, severe erOSlOn

Climate -mean annual rainfall 1500-3000 mm

-wet season l\lay-November -dry season December-April

-mean temperature 21-2So C -mean RH variable

Land use Dual purpose and beef cattle Annual craoping (maize, beans, vegetables), coffee) sorne sugar Secondary [orest on upper slopes Timber

Locality maps on foIlowing pages.

Pucallpa I Pem !

Rio Ucayali, Amazon Basin ¡ ,

Semi-deciduous trauical foresti ! ., bumid tropical i

Gentl y undulating

300.m JI 11

I Cbso]s

,1 "

lo" pH( -' S-' 5) 'mv b's', !I , , . ~. -') . ... .... ~ .. , P and organic matter

I !

,

11 I

lSaO mm September-J\Iay June-August 270 e I 77%

I I

F orest cieared for annual crops

I1 (rice, maize, cassava, beans) followed by pasture for dual I purpose cattle Sorne palm, fruit and pepper production Timber

..\3.2

Central Pacj-fjc Begion, Costa Rica. Benchmarl< Site tor Seasonally Dry Tropics

I I I I

I~I~~~~I~Q\~I==============='II ( ~! \ I ¡ . \~t~~ "'h ¡ I ~~(~I I I ~~~? I [ ~'<í I I I

I ~~~···~.··.il I

. I .. ~

11

' I I

':1 I il

I

I I


I ¡

Central Pacific Region, Costa Rica. Benchmark Site for Seasonally Dry Tropics

A3.2

¡ ! I

I

I I I I I

Appendix 4. LiteratTIre references A4 .. l/A4 .. 3

I I I I I I •


A4.l

Literature references:

Ara, M., Sánchez, P.r\. and Vela, J.\V. 1990. Contribución nitrogenada de Desmodilli11 ovalifoliwn CIAT 350 a su respectiva mezcla con Bracharia decumbens. Red Lnternacional de Evaluación de Pastos Tropicales. RIEPT-Amazonía. Documento de Trabajo '\0. 75. V2737-744.

CLc\T(Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical). 1992. Pastures for the Tropical Lo,vlands.CIAT publica¡íon -;-"'0.211. CIAT, Cah, Colombia. pp233

cr~-\.T. 1993. T:-¡:nds in CI...l..T CQ!1:.D1c¿i:ies 1993) \~/orking DOC'.Jment ~o. 123. CIA .. T. CaE, Colombia. 221 pp.

Decaens, T, P. Lavelle, U. Jiménez Jaen, G. Escobar and G. Rippstein. 1994. Impac; of land management en soil I!lacrofauna in the Oriental Llanos of Colombia. Eur. 1. Soi1 Bio1.30: 1 57 -1 68.

Gcnz';1",-r S 190" Seb,....j.i""·~ -J'l~ ~ ..... ~r.dn~-:én 44 b .... 1.,"" en n~st1'-'lS .-1"" l='strc.1b (C''l10i-j'C;? .:..1...,.L,. ,"_. ~ ....... ~ .1 .............. ' ~~-l.V _,,"'. l..; ...... ~,...'"" ••• ~ ,",.L ¡-,Q. ~,;... ............... .... ó. './"~!-'"

¡¡lemfuensls) solo y asociaco con las legumir:osas forrajer:lS ~-1rachü pintoÍ CL\T 1~ ·l.3...J. Y Desmodillm omlifo/illJ!1 CIAT 350. MS Thesis. Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica. 142 p.

Hammond, AC., Kunkle, \V.E., Bates, D.B. and Sollenberger, L.E. 1993. Use of blood urea nitro gen concentration to predict response to protein or energy supplementation in grazing canle. In: Proceedings X\ 11 1nternational Grlssland Congress, l\'ew Zealand and ,-\ustfJlia, p. 1989-1991.

Hecht, S.B. 1993. The logic of liveslOck and deforestation in Amazonia. Bio. Science, 43:687-695.

Jarvis, 1S. 1986. Livestock Development in Latín America. World Bank, Washington, D.C. 214pp.

Kaimowitz, David (undated). Livestock and deforestatíon in Central America in the 1980's and 1990's: A Poliey Perspective. IICA, San José, Costa Rica. 52 p.

Lascano, C. and Estrada, J. 1989. Long-term productivity of legume-based and pure grass pastures in lhe eastem p1ains of Colombia. In: Proceedings XVI Intemational Grassland Congress, Nice, France. p. 1179-11 80.

Lascano, e.E. and Avila, P. 199L Potencial de producción de leche en pasturas solas y asociadas con leguminosas adaptadas a suelos ácidos. Pasturas Tropicales. 13:2-10.

A4.2

Lascano, C.E. and Avila, P. lSS3. :'vlilk yield of cows with different genet:c ;Jotential Gn grass and grass-legnme tropical pastures. In: Proceedings XvlI International Grassland Congress, New Zealand and Australia. P. 2006-2007.

Obersohn, A, D.K. Freisan, H.Tiesson and lO. :'v[oir. 1995. Effects of impro'ie¿ pastures on phosphorus transformatior:s in a Colombian Oxisol. Soil Sci. Soco l\¡n. Proc. (In press).

Pezo, D.A, Romero, F. and Ibrahim, M. 1992. Producción, m~'lejo y utilización de los pastos tropicales para la producción de leche y carne. In: Fernández-Baca (ea). Avances en la produccién de leche y C<lC.:.e en el trópico americano. F~A....O" Santiago, Chile. P. 47-98.

PROREPI (Proyecto de Inyestigación: Recuperación de areas degra¿2~c..Js en ~2, par:e alta de la cuenca del Río Picagres, briscal). 1994. Infonne 1992!1S93, C. de Costa Ríca, :Vlinisterio de Recursos Xaturales, E1iergía y :'\-linas, :\!inisterio de Agr:cultur:l y G2.:1acerÍa y Progr2...'TI?~ de Desarroilo ,\gricola y Forestal :VL\G/:VIIRE~¡E:'L'GTZ. 65p

Reátegni, K., 'Vera, R.R., Loker, \V.L. and Vásqt:ez,:'1. 1995. On-fmn grass-legume pash,re perform,~ce in the Per'Uvún rainforesL ExpL Agric. 31 :1:7-239.

Riesco, A., i\leini, G., de la Torre, :\1., nüamán, H., Reyes, C., a..l.d GarcÍl, ~1. :982. A ... ;:¿rsls exploratorio de los sisrem2s de fundo de pequeños procuctcres elJ. la Anuzcnia, región de PucaEp. I\lTA-CIID, L[ma, Perú. 47 p.

Rívas, L. 199:. El sistema ganadero de doble propósito en A,Inerica Latina Tropical: evolución, perspectivas y oportunidades. Memorias del Simposium Internacional sobre Alternativas y Estrategias en Producción Animal. Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, Mexico, Abril 6-9.

Rívas, Libardo. 199,). Pmpec:ivas tecnicas y productivas de la ganadería en A ... nérica Latina. Memorias dei Seminario sobre "La ganadería una industria rentable hacia el siglo XXI. CICADEP-Banco Ganadero, Río Negro, Antioquia, agosto 10-12

Ri\'as, L. and D. Pachico. 199¿. Evaluación económica ex-ante del Programa de Forrajes Tropicales de CIAT. Cnidnd de Estudios de Impacto, CIAT, Calí, ColoG1bia.

Ruiz, M. 1990. Milk production systems in Latin America. Constraints and potentials. In: Proceedings International Dairy Congress, Montreal, Canada. Vol. 1:171-187.

Serrao, E. A.S, and J.lvL Toledo. 1990, The search for sustainability in the Amazonium pastures, pp. 195-214. In Development or Destruction: Steps towards sustainable use of the Amazonoium forest

Stobbs, T.H and Brett, DJ. 1974. Milk yield and eomposition of milk and blood as indieators of energy intake by Jersey cows. Aust. J. of Agrie. Res, 25:657-666.



Thomas, R.J. 1995. Role of legurnes in providing N for sustainable tropical pastures. Pla.r¡t acd Soil. (In press).

A4.3

Thomas, RJ., fisher, :\U., Ayarza, :\I.A. and Sanz, J.I. 1995. Ihe role of forage grasses and legumes in mai¡¡taining ¡he productivity of acid soils in Latin _~"erica. In: Lal, R and Stewart, B.A. (eds.). Soil :\lanagemem: Environmental basis for sl;slainability and environmental quality. CRC Press, Ine., Boea Raton, Florida, USA. P. 61-83.

Toledo, 1.1\1. and Formoso. Daniel 1993. Sustainabili¡y of sown pasrures in !he tropies and subtropics. In Proceedings af ¡he XVII Intemational Grassland Congress. New ZealandAustralia. tJ. 1391-1396.

\'aCCaliJ, L., 'Vllccarc:, R., \~;;r¿e, O., ~"lejías, R., Pios, L. :...-::1 :?.;:;::-.er2 j E. ~993-1994.

HarmonizinQ uenetic L~y'De ana environmen¡al :evel in dual-í)\jI"0cSc .:at:le heris ir.: l:..atin _ _ ~,. r •

.-'\.merica. W_,,"~·R.\lZ. 77 p. 15-20.

Yciga~ J.B. and Serrao, E.A.S. 1990. Sisterr:as silvopasToris e prodw;:ao animal nas tropicos uruidas: .-\ excerience da :!....rnazorüa brasileira. In: P:ls~1geL.s:'Sccie¿2de Brasileira ce Z.JOtec:Ü~," SBZ, FE)l.,Q) Pir::..cic::.ba, SP. 37-68.

6~z66 1:; i - cgiarciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/ciat_digital/ciat/books/historical/114.pdf · i...

Documents