6verbalbehaviorpresentation-110519204605-phpapp02

7/29/2019 6verbalbehaviorpresentation-110519204605-phpapp02

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Presented by:

Khrystle Montallana


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What is Verbal Behavior?

Verbal behavior is the behavioral term for

language.

Examples: The bartender asks, What would you like to drink? You reply,

A cranberry and vodka, please.

During a verbal imitation program, you say puppy. Jimmysays, puppy and you reinforce his response with a cheeto.


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Words are behavior!

Understanding the FUNCTION of language(the effects of language on the environment

and those environmental variables that

produce language) is critical to promoting

the acquisition of speech and language.


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Some components of verbal behavior

include:

Echoics Mands

Tacts

Intraverbals


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What is an echoic?

Verbal behavior (language) whose form iscontrolled by someone else's verbal behavior with

point-to-point (1:1) correspondence (e.g. the childechoes exactly the speech of the teacher).

Real-life examples:

A Spanish friend is teaching you Spanish. She says Holaand you say, Hola.

A friend asks for your phone number. You say, 555-1213.Your friend repeats it, 555-1213.


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An echoic is evoked by:

The verbal behavior of another person.

An echoic is reinforced by:

Praise

Example:

During Timmys verbal imitation program, you say

Cupcake. Timmy repeats, Cupcake. You say Good!


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What is a mand?

Request

Real-life examples:

Saying, Ill have a non-fat iced latte to the Starbucks

employee.

A child asking, Can I pet your dog?


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A mand is evoked by: Motivating operations (e.g. desire to attain items,

activities, or information)

A mand is reinforced by: Receipt of object requested

Examples:

After playing outside in the heat, Timmy points to a water bottleand says, Water. You reinforce his response with a cup of water.

You are pushing Timmy on the swings. You stop and he saysPush. You reinforce his behavior by pushing him.


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What is a tact?

Naming, expressive labels

Real-life examples:

Hearing Tupac on the radio and saying Its

Tupac.

Smelling smoke and saying Fire!


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A tact is evoked by: The presence of stimuli in the environment (SD)

A tact is reinforced by: Praise

Examples:

You show Skylar a picture of a flower. She says flower. Yousay Good job!

While playing with Barbie, Skylar says Pink, referencingthe color of Barbies shoes. You say Youre right, her shoesare pink!


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What are intraverbals? Verbal behavior (language) evoked by other verbal

behavior.

Intraverbals include: Fill in the blanks

Answers to questions

Conversation with comments and questions

Real-life examples: A friend asks, How are you? You reply, Im fine, thanks.

An employer asks, Where do you go to school? You reply,Western Michigan.


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An intraverbal is evoked by: A Verbal stimulus (language)

An intraverbal is reinforced by: Consequences unrelated to the verbal

response

Examples: You ask Jimmy, Where do you go to school? He

replies, KAC.

While singing with Jimmy, you say Twinkle, twinkle,little ____ and he says Star.


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Similarity: Echoics, tacts, and intraverbals are all forms of verbal

behavior.

Differences: Tact vs. Intraverbal

Different SDs Intraverbal= verbal SD

Tact= presence, sound, feel etc. of a stimulus

Echoic vs. Intraverbal Correspondence of SD response

Echoic: SD (Cookie)Response (Cookie)

Intraverbal: verbal SD (1, 2)Response (3)


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Echoic Mand Tact

Also called N/A Requesting Naming

Evoked by Verbal behavior of

others

Motivation

Operation

SD (Non-verbal)

Reinforced by Praise Receipt of object

requested

Praise


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Levin, L. (2007).ABA-Based Strategies to PromoteSpeech and Language: Incidental Teaching, PivotalResponse Training, and Skinners Analysis of Verbal

Behavior. Powerpoint Presented in Orange County.

Malott, R.W. (2009). Principles of Behavior. UpperSaddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Sundberg M.L, Partington J.W. (1998).TeachingLanguage to Children With Autism and OtherDevelopmental Disabilities. Pleasant Hill, CA:Behavior Analysts, Inc.

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