UNIVERSITATSB1BU0THEKHANS^OVER

TECHNiSCHEINFORMATiONSBlBUOTHEK

6th InternationalPHOTOVOLTAIC SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING CONFERENCE

PROCEEDINGS

February 10-14,1992New Delhi, India

EditorsB.K. DAS

S.N. SINGH

OXFORD & IBH PUBLISHING CO. PVT. LTD.New Delhi Bombay Calcutta

CONTENTS

Foreword iii

Conference organisation v

Session 11-OA: PLENARY SESSION-I

Recent progress of amorphous silicon solar cell technology (invited) 3Yoshihiro HamakawaTechnology trends of photovoltaics (invited) 11

Hiroyuki Matsunami and Takashi Fuyuki

Session 11-1 A: SINGLE CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELLS

Towards production of high efficiency terrestrial solar cells (invited) 21T.M. Bruton, N.B. Mason andJ.G. SummersProcess development for high-efficiency silicon solar cells (invited) 25J.M. Gee, P.A. Basore, M.E. Buck, D.S. Ruby, W.K. Schubert, B.L. Silva andJ.W. TingleyIndustrial silicon solar cell technology (invited) 33R. Mortens, J. Nijs, M. Ghannam, J. Szlufcik and E. Demesmaeker

Surface treatment of a-Si:H to enhance the l«c of silicon solar cells 41G.C. Dubey, R.A. Singh, S. Pal, R.K. Purohit, B.L Sharma and AX Sreedhar

High efficiency solar cells 47

V.K. Jain, Amita Gupta, C.R. Jalwania, A. Kumar and G.K. Singhal

Session 11-1B: AMORPHOUS SILICON MATERIALS FOR SOLAR CELLS-I

Amorphous silicon alloy technology for photovoltaics (invited) 55S. GuhaExperimental and theoretical studies on the nature of defects in a-Si:H 61intrinsic films and their Schottky barrier solar cell structuresM. Gunes, C.T. Malone, J.L. Nique, S.J. Fonash and C.R. Wronski

Microstructure of glow-discharge thin-film silicon 67M.T. Gutierrez, J.J. Gandia and J. Carabe

Boron doped microerystalline hydrogenated silicon films prepared 73by photo-CVD for photovoltaic applicationsAbhijit De, Sukritl Ghosh, Swati Ray and A.K.Barua

X

S«SSion 11-2A: POLYCRYSTALLINE THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS

Poiycrystalline thin-film solar cells and modules (invited) 81Han'n S. Ullal, Jack L Stone, Kenneth Zweibel, Thomas Surek andRichard L Mitchell

Recent developments in CIS cell technology (invited) 89VijayK.Kapur

Analysis of CdTe-metal interface in thin film CdTe-CdS solar cells 97O.M. Erickson, J.C. McClure and V.P. Singh

Properties of Cu(ln, Ga)Se2 thin film surfaces and their relation to device performance 103B. Dimmler, D. Schmid and H.W. Schock

Influence of some material processing techniques on the junction properties 109of vacuum deposited CdS-CdTe solar cellS Purakayastha, B. Ghosh and M.K. Mukherjee

Session 11-2B: SINGLE AND POLYCRYSTALLINE-Si MATERIALS FOR PV

HEM technology for photovoltaic applications (invited) 117C.P. Khattak and F. Schmid

Development of silicon production processes at METKEM Silicon Ltd. (invited) 125K.N. Ramanathan and H.S. Gopalakrishna Murthy

Silicon nitride AR coatings for low cost silicon solar cells 133S. Narayanan, S. Roncin and J. Wohlgemuth

A new method of determination of the minority carrier diffusion length of a silicon 137solar cell using its spectral responseP.K. Basu, S.N. Singh, N.K. Arora and B.C. Chakravarty

Session 12-0A: PLENARY SESSION-II

Photovoltaics as a worldwide energy source (invited) 145Q§ry J.Jones

Progress in international photovoltaic standards (invited) 153

F.C. Treble

S«SSion 12-1A: PV PROGRAMS OF DIFFERENT NATIONS-I

1982 status of the United States photovoltaic program (invited) 163Morton B. PrinceRecent developments and future programme of PV R&D in China (invited) 167Xun Zou and Pei-Nuo YuPhotovoltaic programme of Thailand (invited) 171S. Panyakeow

xi

Poster Session 12-PC: CRYSTALLINE SILICON MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS

Modelling of a monocrystalline back surface field P-N junction silicon solar cell 179S.B. Saleh, Jalalur Rahman, Z.H. Mahmood, S.K. Ghafoor and S. Haider

Modeling of temperature dependence of power loss in solar cells 183H. Saha, S. Bandyopadhyay, G. Bhattacharya, U. Gangopadhyay,K. Mukhopadhyay and Swapan K. Datta

Jahn-Teller effect in luminescence studies of solar energy photosensitizer 191semiconductor surfacesB.D. Bhattacharyya

Present outlook of solar grade silicon technology vis-a-vis PV industry 197S. Deambi and A. Chaurey

Laser generation of multicrystalline silicon solar cell material 201A.K. Shukla, H.S. Mavi, S.C. Abbi and K.P. Jain

Study of stability of multicrystalline silicon film 207A.K. Shukla, H.S. Mavi, S.C. Abbi and K.P. Jain

Raman study of ion implanted-pulsed laser annealed silicon 213P. Verma, S.C. Abbi and K.P. Jain

Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the determination of 219arsenic in semiconductor grade siliconA.K. Sarkar, H.P. Gupta and D.C. Parashar

Growth of shaped polycrystalline silicon ingots in demountable reusable 223graphite moldsP.K. Singh, P. Prakash, R. Kishore, S.N. Singh and B.K. Das

Absolute spectral response for calibrating reference solar cell 229Pei-Nuo Yu, Yu-Xue Wang and Li-Bin Song

Process improvement in photovoltaic cell production line through defect analysis 233V. Ramachandran, D.T. Barkiand K.P. Raghunath

Bulk and surface contributions to enhanced solar-cell performance 239induced by aluminium alloyingP. Lolgen, F.J. Bisschop, W.C. Sinke, R.A. Steeman, L.A. Verhoef,P.-P. Michiels and R.J.C. van Zolingen

Study of reverse conduction processes in C.E.L single crystalline silicon solar cells 245R.V.R. Murtyand V. Dutta

Growth of silicon nitride films on single crystalline and multicrystalline silicon 249solar cells using PECVD techniqueRam Kishore, S.N. Singh, B.K. Das and V.K. Kaul

Current status of FAST technology 255F. Schmid, M.B. Smith and C.P. Khattak

Silicon nitride as an antireflection coating on silicon solar cells 261S. Dayal, M. Mudholkar, G.C. Dubey, R.K. Purohitand A.K. Sreedhar

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Fabrication process of deep-junction silicon solar cells 267Andre's Cuevas

Poster Session 12-PD: AMORPHOUS SILICON MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS

Preparation and characterization of highly-photosensitive a-SiGe:H films 275Zhizhong Song, Fangqing Zhang, Yongping Guo and Guanghua Chen

Influence of annealing on the optical properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films 281M.A. Martinez, M.T. Gutierrez and J. Herrero

Parallel-connected tandem a-Si cell structure 287Joze Furlan

The influence of various portions of DOS on a-Si solar cell performance 293F. Smole

Interpretation of capacitance measurements on undoped a-Si:H 299A. Rubino, R. Buitrago, U. Besi Vetrella and E. Terzini

Correlation of photosensitivity with defect concentration in a-Sh-xGex:H alloys 305V.Kh. Kudoyarova, E.P. Milichevich and I.V. Shvedkov

Fast deposition of high quality amorphous silicon solar cells without powder formation 311R. Tscharner, D. Fischer, H. Keppner, A.V. Shah, A.A. Howling, J.-L. DorierandCh. Hollenstein

Growth mechanism of p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide films 317prepared by plasma-CVDP. Chaudhuri, Sukriti Ghosh and A.K. Barua

Properties and light induced degradation of a-Si:H films prepared at high 323deposition rates by plasma-CVDS.C. Saha, Swati Ray and A.K. Barua

Computer modelling of the dependence of the J-V characteristics of a-Si:H 329solar cells on the front contact barrier height and gap state densityParsathi Chatterjee

Ambipolar diffusion length in amorphous hydrogenated silicon 335Enakshi Bhattacharya, G.Ravindra Kumar and Pratima Agarwal

Study of light-soaking in hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium 339G.H. Bauer, C.-D. Abel and G. Schumm

Effect of carbon grading and buffer layer at the P/l interface on the performance of 345P-l-N amorphous silicon solar cellsP.N. Dixit, O.S. Panwar, B.S. Satyanarayan, TanaySeth, R. Bhattacharya and V.V. Shah

Role of P-layer grown using different source gas combinations for the 351improvement of P-l-N hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cellsP.N. Dixit, O.S. Panwar, R. Bhattacharya and V.V.Shah

Studies on the defect and tail states of a good quality a-Sh -xGex: H material 357prepared by RF glow discharge methodJ.K. Rath, A.R. Middya and Swati Ray

XIII

A comparative study of conducting CdO films deposited by chemical spray and 363activated reactive evaporation techniquesC. Sravani, K.T.R. Reddy, P.S. ReddyandP. Jayarama Reddy

Photovoltaic and electronic properties of LPCVD deposited amorphous and 369microcrystalline Si thin film-single crystal Si heterostructuresP.K. John, B.Y. Tong, S.K. Wong and AC. Rastogi

Photoinduced deposition and characterization of a-Si:H layers and its 375doping using monosilaneR.A. Singh, S. Pal, G.C. Dubey, R.K. Purohitand A.K. Sreedhar

Non-resonant spin-dependent transport in amorphous silicon photocells 381

M. Bhatnagar and I. Solomon

Session 12-2A: Ill-V COMPOUND SOLAR CELLS

High efficiency GaAs solar cells (invited) 389V.M. AndreevHigh efficiency tandem GaAs/GaSb concentrator solar cells (invited) 395V.S. Sundaram, L.M. Fraas, P.E. Gruenbaum, J.E. Avery, E. Malocsay and M.S. Kuryla

High efficiency GaAs solar cells (invited) 401J.G. Werthen, M. Ladle Ristow, K.R. Wickham and M.S. Kuryla

GaAs/Si tandem solar cell by MOCVD (invited) 405Masayoshi Umeno

Status and future directions in InP solar cell research 413

R.K. Jain and I. Weinberg

Session 12-2B: AMORPHOUS SILICON MATERIALS FOR SOLAR CELLS-II

Recent advances in wide and narrow gap amorphous silicon alloys (invited) 421A.K. BaruaPhoto-CVD processing for amorphous silicon solar cells (invited) 429Makoto Konagai, Katsuya Tabuchi, Wilson W. Wenas, Masahiro Yoshino, Koeng Su Lim,Akira Yamada and Kiyoshi TakahashiStructural relaxation of a-SiGe:H films at low temperature by hydrogen dilution 437and lowering of deposition rateA.R. Middya, S.C. De, Swati Ray and A.K. Barua

The defect pool model: implications on photoconductivity and recombination in a-Si:H 443G.H. Bauer, G. Schumm and C.-D. Abel

Photochemical and radical assisted chemical formation of amorphous silicon films 449

F.J. Comes, S. Chiussi and A. Roth

Session 12-3A: AMORPHOUS SILICON MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS

Amorphous silicon based triple junction solar cells and modules: 457status and challenges (invited)R.R. Arya, A. Catalano and D.E. Carlson

Stacked solar cell having an efficiency more than 19% 463I Yoshimi, K. Hattori, H. Okamoto and Y. Hamakawa

:JhSi and a-Si alloy solar cells 469M. Ohnishi, H. Haku, H. Dohjoh, K. Sayama, Y. Hishikawa,i, K. Wakisaka, S. Tsuda, S. Nakano, Y. Kishiand Y. Kuwano

i of hydrogen in the light induced metastable defect formation in 475JS silicon films deposited at different temperatures

Ratnabali Banerjee, Sukriti Ghosh, A.K. Bandyopadhyay, A.K. Batabyal and A.K. Barua

Preparation of high conductivity and large band gap P-type a-Si:H films produced by 481high hydrogen dilution of silane at low RF powerMohammad Faraji, S.V. Rajarshi, S.V. Ghaisas, S.T. Kshirsagar and V.G. Bhide

Session 12-3B: PV MODULES AND SYSTEMS-I

WMMWHHI photovoltaic system with an air conditioner 489Mr Hasunuma, A Takeoka, Y. Fukuda, M. Suzuki, E. Sakoguchi, H. Tokizaki,

. m/Vakisaka, Y. Klshi and Y. Kuwano

performance of amorphous silicon PV modules and arrays in Florida 493

H. Atmaram and Bill Marion

13-OA: PLENARY SESSION-III

solar ceils for space use (invited) 503Yamaguchi

programs in space photovoltaics (invited) 511

Flood

13-1A: PV PROGRAMS OF DIFFERENT NATIONS-II

Photovoltaic R&D programme in Japan (Sunshine Project) (invited) 521Takashi GotoPhotovoltaic R&D in the Federal Republic of Germany (invited) 529

A. Rauber and K. WollinPhotovoltaic programme of France (invited) 533

A Claverie, B. ChabotandA. Anglade

let ter Session 13-PC: PV MODULES AND SYSTEMS-I

IMfcet of dust on the performance of PV panels 539P.C.PandeExperimental evaluation and reduction of string - losses in photovoltaic modules 5430.71 Barid, B. Umeshchandra and V. RamachandranEnergy investments and production costs of amorphous silicon PV modules 549K.S. Srinivas, M. Vuknic, R. Tschamer and A.V. Shah

XV

Shadow effect in the field of large PV arrays 555M.C. Bhatnagar and J.C. Joshi

Effect of boosting mirror on solar cell modules 561M.C. Bhatnagar and J.C. Joshi

Performance analysis of crystalline and amorphous silicon photovoltaic 565modules in VirginiaS. Rahman and B.D. Kroposki

Abnormal output of PV modules used in village electrification system caused by 571lightning strikeAbubakar Lubis, Zanggischan Udin and Kemala Cita

A PC based maximum power point tracking system 577Nilanjan Bhowmik and V.G. Rau

Performance evaluation of PV power packs 583A Chaurey, S. Deambi, P.M. Sadaphal and D. Tyagi

Comparison of commercially available PV batteries in India 587A Chaurey and S. Deambi

A hybrid photovoltaic thermal solar water heater 593H.P. Garg and R.K. Agarwal

Performance of solar panel considering the effect of shadow 599A Gupta and S. Kumar

Development of efficient and reliable charge controller (12V/5A) 603P.R. Mishra, A.K. Pandey and J.C. Joshi

A PV power driven small water pump controlled by a maximum power point tracker 609S. Haider, R.K. Mazumdar, Zahid Hasan Mahmood and S.K. Aditaya

Poster Session 13-PD: PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL AND AMORPHOUSSILICON SOLAR CELLS

Saturation behavior of solar cell efficiency due to light soaking under different 615wavelengths for a-Si:H cells made by high deposition rate VHF-GDH. Keppner, P. Fath, D. Fischer, N. Pellaton, A. Mettler, R. Tscharner and A. Shah

Effect of various process parameters on the properties of hydrogenated 621amorphous silicon germanium films grown in a multizone plasma CVD reactorO.S. Panwar, P.N. Dixit and R. Bhattacharyya

Remarkable changes in film properties by low level of Ge incorporation into 627a-Si:H networkS.C. De and Debajyoti Das

Improvement of mobility-lifetime product of holes in a-SiGe:H alloys 631prepared with hydrogen dilutionP. Chaudhuri, A.R. Middya and Swati Ray

Diagnostic of silane plasma using hot Langmuir electrical probe 637Zhonghe Xi, Xiaolin Zhang, Guanghuai Zhang, Jiwen Yan, Ziguang Shi,Jianfang Hu and Hongyi Lin

xvi

Extrapolation to standard test conditions of I-V characteristics of a-Si solar cells: 643applicability and comparison to c-Si devicesF. Fabero, M.C. Alonso, N. Vela and F. Chenlo

Amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide p doped by ion implantation and 649by gas phaseF. Demichelis, C.F. Pirri, E. Tresso, R. Galloni, P. Rava and R. Dusane

Design of plasma deposition systems for producing a-Si:H devices 655R. Martins, I. Ferreira, N. Carvalho and L. Guimaraes

Interface characterization of a-Si:H devices by spectral photovoltage technique (SPT) 661E. Fortunato, M. Vieira, R. Martins and L. Guimaraes

Role of hydrogen plasma on the structural and electro-optical properties of 667transparent conductive oxidesC. Carvalho, E. Fortunato, M. Vieira, R. Martins, B. Fernandes and L. Guimaraes

Comparative study of DOS in amorphous silicon by SCLC and by C(T) measurements 673E. Fortunato, L. Rodrigues, C. Carvalho, R. Martins, L. Guimaraes and A. Amaral

Admittance spectroscopy techniques to analyse the evolution of the deep gap states 679in amorphous silicon films produced by PECVDA Amaral, L. Rodrigues, R. Martins, L. Guimaraes, D. Mencaraglia, J.P. Kleider,Z. Djebbour and C. Longeaud

Recombination and collection in a-Si:H p-i-n solar cells 685A.V. Shah, J. Hubin and E. Sauvain

Characterization of thermally deposited WO3 films for PEC applications 691S.L. Agrawal, R.K. Dwivedi and R.P. Singh

Effect of doping and lifetime on efficiency of TPV cells 697T.K. Chaudhuri and S. Chatterjee

High efficiency Ru-modified GaAs PEC solar cell 703DM Bose and S.T. AH

Structural dependence of the photoconduction and photovoltaic behavior of 709merocyanine dyes-lH.O. Yadav, P.K.N. Raghavan, T.S. Varadarajan, M. Mohanty, B.N. Patnaik andL.N. Patnaik

Spray pyrolysis process study of SnO2/(111 )N-Si solar cell 715H.H. Aim, S.H. El-Hefnawi and AY. Eliwa

LPE growth of lni-xGaxAs and application to PEC solar cells 721A Kumar, S. T. AH and D.N. Bose

Wet photovoltaic solar cells with electrodeposited zinc mercury selenide 727

C. Natarajan and Maheshwar Sharon

Session 13-2A: POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELLS

Thin polycrystalline silicon solar cells on low cost substrates (invited) 737Allen M. Barnett, Robert B. Hall, James A. Rand and William R. Bottenberg

xvii

Improvements in large area multicrystalline silicon solar cells (invited) 745H. Watanabe

Polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells prepared by a new solid phase 753crystallization (SPC) methodT. Matsuyama, M. Sasaki, M. Tanaka, K. Wakisaka, S. Tsuda, S. Nakano, Y. Kishiand Y. Kuwano

Efficient optical design of polycrystalline silicon solar cells 759

P. Campbell

Session 13-2B: PV MODULES AND SYSTEMS-II

Advances in space photovoltaics (invited) 767K. Kasturirangan, B.L. Agrawal, N. Srinivasamurthy and S.K. SharmaQualification testing of flexible amorphous silicon modules 775P. Nath, K. Hoffman, J. Call and C. VogeliModified open loop control for tracking photovoltaic system 781A.K. Saxena and V. Dutta

Project and installation of a PV power plant for multi applications based on 787PV concerted actions and resultsL. Guimaraes, Peter Helm, A. Ribas, H. Ehmann, A. Hanel and R. Martins

Session 13-3A: MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF SOLAR CELLS

Measurement of solar cell performance parameters (invited) 793K.A. Emery

Modeling of a front illuminated n + -p -p + silicon solar cell for high concentrated 803sunlight (invited)S.K. Sharma, P.K. Singh, S.N. Singh and B.K. Das

Computer modeling of solar cell structures (invited) 811FA. Rubinelli, S.J. Fonash andJ.K. Arch

A decoupled technique for numerical analysis of solar cells 821J.C. Jimeno, C. Icaran andS. Uriarte

Diffusion length in photovoltaic cells from photocurrent-capacitance measurements 827

C.H. Champness and C.H. Chan

Session 13-3B: COMPOUNDS SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS

MOCVD of compound semiconductors for photovoltaics (invited) 835A Rohatgi and R. SudharsananGaAs-on-Si solar cell structures grown by MBE and LPE 843A Bett, K. Borgwarth, Ch. Schetter, O.V. Sulima and W.Wettling

The design and fabrication of polycrystalline thin-film CulnSe2 and 849Cu(ln, Ga)Se2-based photovoltaic materials and devicesJ.R. Tuttle, D.S. Albin, R. Noufi and S.K. Deb

mmCharacterization of polycrystalline thin film n-Zno.35Cdo.65S/p-CuGao.5lno.5Se2 855heterojunctionsY. Aparna, P. Sreedhara Reddy, S. Uthanna, B. Srinivasulu Naidu andP. Jayarama Reddy

Session 14-0A: PLENARY SESSION-IV

High efficiency silicon solar cells (invited) 863MA. Green, S.R. Wenham, J. Zhao, A. Wang, F. Yun and P. Campbell

II-VI semiconductors for photovoltaics—A critical review (invited) 869

Y. Marfaing

Session 14-1 A: PV DEVICES, SYSTEMS AND PROGRAMS

Properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon produced at high temperature 879R.S. Crandall, AH. Mahan, B. Nelson, M. Vanecek and I. BalbergSolar lanterns: problems and prospects 885B. Bhargava and E.V.R. SastrySpectral effects on PV-device efficiency at different sites 891S. Nann, A. Bakenfelder and F. Pfisterer

Poster Session 14-PC: PV MODULES AND SYSTEMS-II

Optical and thermal performance of N-S orientation E-W tracking composite 899parabolic concentrator for photovoltaic and thermal applicationJ.C. Joshi and M.P. Singh

Design and development of solar PV systems for crop protection 905P.C. Pande

Solar PV lantern for rural usage 911K. Mukhopadhyay, G. Bhattacharya, A. Mondol and H. Saha

Evaluation of outdoor performance of polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels 917V. Ramamurthy, (Mrs)P. Tiku, V. Radha Mohan and M.U.B. Rao

A novel approach for performance asessment of PV D.C. drives 925Yash Pal Singh and V.G. Rau

Status of photovoltaic programme in Himachal Pradesh 929S.S. Chandel

PV water pumping and PV battery charging stations in the green project of Thailand 935Wandee Khunchornyakong

Designing versatility of photovoltaic water pump 941P.K. Koner, J.C. Joshi and K.L. Chopra

Identification of strategic approaches for PV development in India 9475. Deambi

xix

Application of photovoltaics for Indian Railways 951O.S. Sastry and N.P. Singh

Solar photovoltaic pumpimg systems in India-field experience with 10 installations 957Svend Erik Mikkelsen

Important aspects of configuring stand-alone solar photovoltaic water pumping 963installations to achieve high reliability and system efficiencyV. Balasubramanian

Performance of modules and evaluation of some photovoltaic systems 969S.K. Srivastava, O.P. Singh and G.N. Pandey

Poster Session 14-PD: COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS ANDSOLAR CELLS

Preparatory aspects of electrophoretically deposited CdS-CdTe devices 979P.C. Pande

Chemical bath deposition of CdS thin films, electrochemical in-situ kinetic studies 985J.M. Dona and J. Herrero

Performance of n-ZnO/p-CuGaSe2 thin film solar cells 991H. Gopalaswamy and P. Jayarama Reddy

A P-l-N heterojunction model for the thin film [CdS/Cu2S] solar cell 995SA. Al Kuhaimi

Grain boundary scattering in ZnO and CulnSe2 1001K.K. Chattopadhyay, D. Bhattacharyya, S. Chaudhuri and A.K. Pal

Chemical bath deposition of CdS on CulnSe2, etching effects and growth kinetics 1005J. Kessler, K.O. Velthaus, M. Ruckh, R. Laichinger, H.W. Schock, D. Lincot,R. Ortega and J. Vedel

Electroplated CdS thin films 1011S.N. Qiu and I. Shih

Adhesion-free ingots of Bridgman-grown CulnSe2 1015L.S. Yip, ZA. Shukri, I. Shih and C.H. Champness

Heterojunction cells on electrodeposited CulnSe2 1021C.X. Qiu, S.N. Qiu and I. Shih

Investigation of deep levels in monocrystalline CulnSe2 1027AL Li and I. Shih

CIS solar cells by sputtering from elemental targets 1033R.R. Arya, T. Lommasson, B. Fieselmann, L. Russell, L. Can and A. Catalano

Schottky barrier characterisation of AI/CulnSe2/ln thin films 1041Neeraj Tyagi, Manish Saxena, ManojArora and P.K. Bhatnagar

Materials properties of pulse plated Cdi-xZnxS films for CulnSe2 based solar cells 1045M. Jayachandran, Mary Juliana and AS. Lakshmanan

XX

Large area polycrystalline CdSe thin film wet solar cells 1051K.R. Murali, V. Subramanian, N. Rangarajan, AS. Lakshmanan and S.K. Rangarajan

Substoichiometric Cd-BI-S thin films for photovoltaic applications 1055S. Misra, B.B. Nayak and B.S. Acharya

Dopant modified compositional and electronic properties of CdTe in thin film solar cells 1061K.S. Balakrishnan and AC. Rastogi

Surface and bulk recombination in p + n InP space solar cells 1067R.K. Jain and D.J. Flood

Temperature dependence of solar cell diode factor—experimental verification 1071S.K. Sharma, Kalpana B. Samuel, AnilAgarwal, N. Srinivasamurthy and B.L. Agrawal

The flight test of Chinese GaAs solar cell on satellite 1077Shi Wen-zao, Zhang Zhong-wei, Yuan Xiao and Li Guo-xin

Effect of substrate temperature on the photovoltaic behaviour of I n2O3/l nP 1083junctions prepared by spray pyrplysis techniqueV. VasuandA. Subrahmanyam

Photovoltaic effect on the microwave characteristics of an ion implanted GaAs OPFET 1089B.B. Pal and S.N. Chattopadhyay

GaAs space solar cell panels using ultrasonic welding: manufacturing technology 1095and flight experienceTA. Cross and CM. Hardingham

Growth of GaAs/AIGaAs structures for high efficiency solar cells by MOCVD 1101R. Tyagi, S.K. Agarwal, Kishore Chand, Mahesh Bal, M.V.G. Padmavati, RamjayPal,M. Singh and R.K. Purohit

LATE NEWS PAPERS

Majority and minority carrier fix products in a-Si:H—Results from a recombination 1107model with correlated defectsE. Morgado

The GaAs solar array of the arsene spacecraft 1108B. Bolani, C. Flores, F. Paletta, D. Passoni, A. Tosoni, L. Brambilla, A. Caon,R. Contini, G.D' Accolti, E. Rossi and F. Viola

CulnSe2 films and devices obtained by a two-stage process 1109Bulent M. Basol

Improvement of PV-performance by partly structured surfaces 1110S. Krauter and R. Hanitsch

1 MW photovoltaic power plant, TOLEDO PV 1 - state of the project 1111E. Medina, J. Villa and B. Yordi

Novel deposition technique and device design for stable a-Si solar cells 1115Vikram L. Dalai

Efficient sizing techinques for solar cells 1116G. Jayaprakash Babu and A. Obul Reddy

xxi

Ohmic contact formation to GaAs and Si by laser irradiation for solar cells 1117AV. Chankin, G.N. Mikhailova, AS. Seferov, A. Dhaul, I. Chandra,Ramesh Chandra and V.K. Jain

The study of microstructures in hydrogenated amorphous silicon prepared by 1118novel fabrication methodsK.C. Hsu, C.S. Hong and H.L Hwang

Intensity induced errors for l-V-curve measurement of different types of 1119large area a-Si modulesR. van der Berg

Index of Authors 1121