6.mental development
TRANSCRIPT
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PSYCHOLOGY
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
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MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
• In the educational process, improving the skill of remembering and coming out of the forgetting problem and adjusting to various conditions is called as mental development.
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THEORIES OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
• There are three theories of remembering and forgetting.
• They are:
• Theory of Decay or Disease,
• Theory of Interference,
• Theory of Trace Change.
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THEORY OF DECAY• Theory of Decay states that impressions
created in the brain during the learning process fade away with the passage of time. This is also called as forgetting.
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THEORY OF INTERFERENCE• Theory of Interference states that the
interference and interaction of the ever-lasting memory of motor skills cause the spontaneous recovery of the memory in case of forgetting.
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THEORY OF TRACE CHANGE• Theory of Trace Change states that one’s memory of what
he has seen tends to change from general to specific ways. For ex. After learning the alphabets if a child is shown a triangle, he relates it immediately to the alphabet “A”.
• Tip of Tongue approach states that forgetting is only a temporary and not a permanent failure of the mechanism responsible for remembering.
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METHODS TO MEASURE MEMORY
• Psychologists generally describe three methods to measure memory.
• They are :
• Recall
• Recognisation
• Re-learning
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RECALL
• It is a very simple method to measure. • Expose children to some words for a specific
period of time and then ask them to recall as many times as possible.
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RECOGNISATION• It is the discrimination between the seen and the
unseen.• Multiple choice questions are examples of a typical
recognisation experiment.• The student is shown a number of items that he has
studied along with some new items and asked to recognize the studied items
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RE-LEARNING• The student is asked to
re-learn the material at a later stage instead of recalling and recognizing.
• The difference between the number of trials required to re-learn is then considered as an index of retention.
• This is often referred to as measure saving score
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LEARNING METHODS
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METHODS FOR RETENTION OF LEARNT SUBJECT
• over learning,• meaningful organisation
of subject matter,• use of meaningful
material,• self recitation,• formation of clear
concept,• use of the principle of
learning by doing.
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TYPES OF MEMORY
• Short term memory,
• Long term memory.
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SHORT TERM MEMORY
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LONG TERM MEMORY