6.hydrosphere

8/10/2019 6.HYDROSPHERE

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A hydrosphere(from Greek - hydor, "water"and - sphaira, "sphere") in physical geographydescribes the combined mass of water found on,under, and over the surface of a planet.

The total mass of the Earth's hydrosphere is about 1.4 1018tonnes, which is about 0.023% of the Earth's

total mass. About 20 10

12

tonnesof this is in theEarth's atmosphere(the volume of one tonneof wateris approximately 1 cubic metre). Approximately 71% ofthe Earth's surface, an area of some 361 million squarekilometres (139.5 million square miles), is covered byocean. The average salinityof the Earth's oceans is
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language


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The total mass of the Earth's hydrosphere is about 1.4 1018tonnes, which is about 0.023% of the Earth'stotal mass. About 20 1012tonnesof this is in theEarth's atmosphere(the volume of one tonneof wateris approximately 1 cubic metre). Approximately 71% ofthe Earth's surface, an area of some 361 million squarekilometres (139.5 million square miles), is covered byocean. The average salinityof the Earth's oceans isabout 35 grams of saltper kilogram of sea water(35 ).[1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonnes


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ReservoirVolume (cubic km x

1,000,000)Percent of Total

Oceans 1370 97.25

Ice Caps and Glaciers

29 2.05

Groundwater 9.5 0.68

Lakes 0.125 0.01

Soil Moisture 0.065 0.005

Atmosphere

0.013 0.001

Streams and Rivers 0.0017 0.0001

Biosphere 0.0006 0.00004


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An ocean(from Greek, "okeanos" Oceanus[1]) isa major body of saline water, and a principal componentof the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth'ssurface(~3.61 X 1014m2) is covered by ocean, a continuousbody of waterthat is customarily divided into severalprincipal oceans and smaller seas.

More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres(9,800 ft)deep. Average oceanic salinityis around 35 parts perthousand(ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has asalinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. Scientists estimatethat 230,000 marine life forms of all types are currentlyknown, but the total could be up to 10 times thatnumber.[2]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_thousandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_thousandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_thousandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_thousandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Oceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language


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More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres(9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinityis around 35

parts per thousand(ppt) (3.5%), and nearly allseawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt.Scientists estimate that 230,000 marine life forms of alltypes are currently known, but the total could be up to

10 times that number.[2]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_thousandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts_per_thousandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre


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1. Pacific Ocean

2. Atlantic Ocean

3. Indian Ocean

4. Arctic Ocean

5. Southern Ocean


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OCEANIC ZONEOCEAN BATHYMETRI


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CONTINENTAL MARGIN


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HYDROLOGIC CYCLE


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FUNCTION :

As natural resources (Fishery, Reef, Electricity, nodule).

One of important element (drinking).

Natural recycle (digestion).

Temperature distribution.

Transportation.

6.hydrosphere

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