6559800 spatial hydrology
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SPATIAL HYDROLOGY
Bahram Saghafian
Presented at:
Civil Engineering Department
Sharif Technical University
Jan. 2002
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What is Spatial Hydrology?
Study of the motion of the earths
waters (and the transport of their
constituents) with the explicitreference to the spatial dimension and
using the data structure and functions
of geographic information systems
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Major Developments
Increasing availability of spatial hydrologic data(DEM, Images, etc.)
Inclination towards the use of spatial data bases
and GIS functions in hydrology Need to study detailed spatial distribution of
hydrologic processes and their effects
Development of distributed hydrologic models
Need to disaggregate synthesized hydrologicresponses (flood hydrograph, sediment load, etc.)
Progress in high-powered computing equipments
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Active Areas in SpatialSurface Hydrology
Effect of land use changes Floodplain mapping and hazard
Flood potential and risk mapping within watersheds
Spatial optimization of flood control countermeasures
Site selection for hydro-climatological stations Distributed watershed erosion mapping
Pollutant affected areas
Distributed runoff/snowmelt/sediment modeling
Spatial correlation of climatological factors with geo-environmental characteristics
Distributed modeling of hydro-climatologic and geo-morphologic characteristics
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Geographic Information System
Software tool for storing, managing,manipulating spatial (geographic) data
Has four components: data entry, datamanagement, manipulation and analysis,and data output
Models geographic features using points,
lines, and cells in either vector or cellulardata models
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GIS Relation to SpatialHydrology
Spatial hydrology deals with spatially
distributed processes and features
GIS can handle spatial (geographic) data Conjunctive use of GIS and hydrology is
natural and unavoidable
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Distributed Rainfall-RunoffModeling of Golabdareh
Catchment
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Distinctive Algorithms and Tools
Upgrade time-area rainfall-runoff
transformation into a distributed technique
Determine travel time based on kinematicwave theory
Introduce, for the first time, temporally-
variable isochrone hydrograph estimationmethod
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Digitally extracted drainage network
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50-yr Flood Hydrograph
50-Year Hydrograph Convolution
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
1 4 710
13
16
19
22
25
28
31
34
37
40
43
46
49
52
55
58
61
64
67
70
73
76
Time-(min)
Discharge-(m^3/s)
Q1 (m3/s)
Q2(m3/s)
Q3 (m3/s)
Q4 (m3/s)
Q5(m3/s)
Q6(m3/s)
QTotal(m3/s)
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Effect of Land Use Changes inNekarood River Basin
Land use change detection using remotely-sensed data
Hydrologic simulation of floods
Prediction of future effects based of landuse change scenarios
Further application: How to manage
spatially the timber harvesting and otherland activities
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View of Nekarood River Basin
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View of Nekarood River Basin
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Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
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Land Use Map, Year 1346
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Land Use map, Year 1372
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Land Use Map, Year 1379
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Land Use Change Over Years
FOREST(POOR) :F(P) FOREST(MEDUM) :F(M)
FOREST(DENSE) :F(D) AGRICULTURE :A
RANGE LAND(POOR) :R(P) RANGE LAND(NORMAL) :R(N)
RESIDENTAL :RES.
0
100
200
300
400500
600
700
800
900
F(P) F(M) F(D) A R(P) R(N) RES.
Land Use
Area
1346 1372 1379
FOREST(POOR) :F(P) FOREST(MEDUM) :F(M)
FOREST(DENSE) :F(D) AGRICULTURE :A
RANGE LAND(POOR) :R(P) RANGE LAND(NORMAL) :R(N)
RESIDENTAL :RES.
0
100
200
300
400500
600
700
800
900
F(P) F(M) F(D) A R(P) R(N) RES.
Land Use
Area
1346 1372 1379
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Change in peak floods
100
105
110
115
120
125
20 50 100 500 1000
RETURN PERIOD (Yr)
1372 1379
Q/Qbase
100
105
110
115
120
125
20 50 100 500 1000
RETURN PERIOD (Yr)
1372 1379
Q/Qbase
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Sediment Deposition SpatialPattern
Minab Dam
0 4 0 00
100
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Spatial correlation betweenrainfall and vegetation
Daily rainfall maps using geostatistical tools
Terrain mapping units defined
NOAA satellite images processed for NDVI
vegetation index
Spatial correlation of rainfall and NDVI studied
on 10-day and monthly basis with different lagtimes
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Terrain mapping Units
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Sample daily rainfall map
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Results
Monthly NDVI vegetation index followmonthly rainfall data with a lag of one totwo months and are best correlated with
the bimonthly antecedent rainfall. The multiple regression method is best
suited compared with others methods.
Results may be used for rainfall spatialvariation and drought mapping.
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Drought SDF Mapping
Drought Severity-Duration-Frequency
analysis using run theory
Spatial extent of drought severity
l d i l i i i i
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Flood Potential Prioritization
and Spatial Mapping Set up a selected semi-distributed hydrologicmodel for the watershed
Identify and rank the areas (sub-watersheds)
based on their quantitative contribution indischarge characteristics at the outlet
Determine the impact of sub-watershed factorson the outlet flood peak
Propose priority flood control measures Ongoing: conduct research on observed
discharge data and/or use a fully distributedmodel
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Snow Mapping & Snowmelt
Runoff Simulation
Use satellite images for continuous mapping
Propose an algorithm for snow/cloud/grounddelineation
Simulate snowmelt and rainfall runoff using
SRM model and processed images
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