6440 qimt e r02 - esaote
TRANSCRIPT
Rev. 03
July 2018
MyLab
ADVANCED OPERATIONS
QIMT SECTION
350025000
MyLab - A D V A N C E D O P E R A T I O N S ii
I N D E X
QIM
T
Table of Contents1 QIMT Option ............................................................................... 1-1
General Information .................................................................................. 1-1QIMT Patient Data .................................................................................... 1-2Probes........................................................................................................... 1-2QIMT Activation........................................................................................ 1-2Image Acquisition....................................................................................... 1-3Controls in QIMT ...................................................................................... 1-4
QIMT in Freeze....................................................................................... 1-4Screen Layout .............................................................................................. 1-5
2 QIMT Automatic Measurements................................................ 2-1Measurements.............................................................................................. 2-1QIMT Measurement Setup ....................................................................... 2-2
3 QIMT Worksheet Organization.................................................. 3-1QIMT Measurements Folders .................................................................. 3-1QIMT Graphics Folders............................................................................ 3-1
A QIMT Bibliographic References................................................ A-1
B QIMT Reference Tables ............................................................ B-1Howard Tables ............................................................................................B-1
Black Population......................................................................................B-1White Population.....................................................................................B-2
Howard Extended Tables..........................................................................B-3Black Population......................................................................................B-3White Population.....................................................................................B-4
MESA Tables ..............................................................................................B-5Black Population......................................................................................B-5White Population.....................................................................................B-7Chinese Population .................................................................................B-9Hispanic Population..............................................................................B-11
CAPS Tables..............................................................................................B-13Artery Tables .............................................................................................B-14
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I N D E X
MyLab - A D V A N C E D O P E R A T I O N S iv
Chapter
1Q
IMT
1. QIMT OptionGeneral InformationThe QIMT calculation automatically measures the thickness between theintima and the media on the image in real time using the radio frequencyreception signal.
The QIMT option requires a specific licence1 to be installed on the MyLab.
NOTE The QIMT licence requires the Vascular licence.
WARNING The QIMT algorithm works fine on normal patients of all ages. Theautomatic detection and real time feedback help to get the best possiblemeasurements. However, there might be cases in which the algorithmcould be unable to track the intima or the media thickness. For instance, itcould be sometimes difficult to distinguish an enlarged IMT from an initialplaque. In all these situations, it is recommended to check the results of theautomatic tracking and to discard them, if they are not satisfactory.
The QIMT calculation gives a rapid estimate of the thickness between intimaand adventitia. It is recommended to compare the estimates obtained with adirect measurement of the structure under examination.
1. Not available in the U.S.A. market.
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Q I M T O P T I O N
QIMT Patient DataRefer to next chapters for further information on reference tables.
When QIMT licence is active, the Patient ID page in Vascular applicationallows to select the QIMT reference tables. These tables allow to compare theacquired intima-media thickness values to normal values related to age,gender and ethnic in accordance to published studies.
Table 1-1: QIMT parameters se le c table in the Vascular Patient ID page
NOTE In order to use the QIMT reference tables, MyLab requires to calculate thepatient age from the birth date.
ProbesThe following probes can be used in QIMT:
• L 4-15, L3-11, SL1543, SL3323, SL3332.
QIMT ActivationThe automatic QIMT calculation can be activated from the vascularapplication when one of the proper probes is active.
Procedure 1. In the Start Exam page, enter the patient’s data using the birth date to calculate the patient age.
2. Select the probe and the vascular application.
3. Select the reference table and ethnicity.
4. Tap the desired preset or press START EXAM to activate real time.
5. Optimize the B-Mode image.
NOTE The image has to be optimized in fundamental (FUNDAMENT button)before activating QIMT. The optimization should be repeated if it isactivated in TEI (TEI mode is not available in QIMT).
Field
QIMT TABLE Whether MESA, Howard, Howard Extended, CAPS and Artery tables.
QIMT ETHNICITY Whether black or white for Howard tables. Whether black, white, chinese or hispanic for MESA tables.
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Q I M T O P T I O N
QIM
T
6. Tap QIMT in the touchscreen tools section.
NOTE The QIMT calculation cannot be activated when one of the followingmodes is active: 3D/4D, CnTI or VPan.
While in QIMT, the system keys and controls are available (B-MODE tab).
NOTE Some controls (for instance multi focus or MView) are not available inQIMT: the corresponding buttons are displayed in gray.
Image AcquisitionThe QIMT measurements should be performed on the far wall in theCommon Carotid Artery, 10mm far from the origin of the bulb.
The reference line must be positioned on the bulb origin. The line middleindicator must be positioned at the centre of the vessel. The arterial wallsegments should be assessed in the longitudinal way, strictly perpendicular tothe ultrasound beam, with both walls clearly visualized.
Use the controls available to optimize the image within the ROI.
NOTE Adjust the controls so that the structure under examination is well defined.
Adjust the image in order to increase the density of the lines: high densitymeans high quality in measuring the intima-media thickness. When the linesare stable and optimal, it is recommended to minimize the standard deviation.
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Q I M T O P T I O N
Controls in QIMTIn QIMT the B-MODE tab displays the touchscreen with available systemkeys and controls for the image optimization.
The QIMT tab of the touchscreen displays the following controls:
DEPTHZOOM
DEPTH and ZOOM share the same knob; tap it to toggle between the twocontrols, rotate it to increase/decrease the value of the selected control(represented in blue).
DEPTH increases or decreases the scanning depth.
ZOOM enlarges the 2D area; the enlargement factor can be modified.
• If necessary, tap the key to activate the ZOOM control: theimage will be contoured by a yellow frame.
• Rotate the knob to change the zoom factor.
• Use the trackball to pan the image.
Tap ZOOM again to activate the full B-Mode format.
EXIT QIMT exits QIMT calculation. Alternatively you can tap QIMT in the touchscreentools section.
FREQUENCY affects the imaging frequency (PEN for optimal penetration, RES for optimalresolution, GEN for the best balance between resolution and penetration).
REF LINE sets the distance between the vertical line and the ROI.
QIMT in Freeze
The QIMT tab of the touchscreen displays the following controls available infreeze:
SEND TO L CAR REPSEND TO R CAR REP
adds the frozen measurements to the examination report. If severalmeasurements are sent to the report, the latest one overwrites the previousone.
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Q I M T O P T I O N
QIM
T
Screen LayoutOnce the automatic QIMT calculation is activated, the system automaticallymoves to the standard B-Mode presentation.
WARNING Automatic measurement results are intended as a suggestion and shouldnot be considered sufficient to make a diagnosis.
On the B-Mode image, the ROI cursor (the area of interest) and a referenceline (on the left) are superimposed, as shown in the figure below.
Fig. 1-1: QIMT Screen Layout
The position of the ROI cursor and the line (which is bound to the cursor)can be changed with the trackball.
ACTION key allows the ROI dimensions to be changed. Change the size of thearea using the trackball.
The green line inside the ROI represents the intima and the orange linerepresents the adventitia. Points that are not detected are not displayed.
The yellow box beside the ROI cursor contains the standard deviationinformation. The box will blink at the detection of each cardiac cycle: thedisplayed standard deviation value is green when it is ≤ 21, orange otherwise.
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Q I M T O P T I O N
MyLab - A D V A N C E D O P E R A T I O N S 1 - 6
Chapter
2Q
IMT
2. QIMT Automatic Measurements
This chapter describes which measurements are automatically calculated.
MeasurementsFig. 2-1: QIMT Automatic Measurement
On the measurement area of the screen (left side of the image) the firstcolumn (QIMT) gives the QIMT data and the second one (D) the vesseldimension.
Six (6) successive measurements, continuously updated, are shown togetherwith their average (AVG), standard deviation (SD) and the width (W) of theROI cursor.
IM AGE key saves the screen image with the related measurements.
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Q I M T A U T O M A T I C M E A S U R E M E N T S
QIMT Measurement SetupOnce the QIMT licence is installed, the QIMT group is displayed in the“Application Measurements” folder of the Vascular application.
Table 2-1: QIMT Measurement group
Table Management The same menu allows to set which reference tables enable/disable forQIMT exams.
The listed tables are available in the Patient ID page when the correspondingbox (ENABLED column) is checked.
The table displayed with an orange background is the default table that isautomatically selected in the Vascular Patient ID page. To change the defaulttable follow the procedure listed below:
Procedure 1. Place the cursor on the corresponding row.
2. Press ENTER: the row will be highlighted.
3. Using the trackball, press the button SET AS DEFAULT .
Parameter Label
QIMT QIMT
QIMT standard deviation SD
Vessel diameter D
Standard deviation of vessel diameter
SD
ROI width W
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Chapter
3Q
IMT
3. QIMT Worksheet Once QIMT measurements have been performed, the Vascular worksheetincludes dedicated folders containing the relevant QIMT measurements andgraphics.
QIMT Measurements FoldersThese folders are organized in left and right, selectable by the correspondingtoggle.
Each folder displays the following parameters:
• the QIMT value and its standard deviation,
• the vessel diameter and its standard deviation,
• the ROI width.
Once the reference table and the ethnicity parameters have been set in thePatient ID page, the worksheet also lists the following parameters:
• the maximum QIMT value and its ranking,
• the expected QIMT based on the set reference table andethnicity,
• the set reference table and ethnicity.
QIMT Graphics FoldersThis folder is available only when the reference table and ethnicity parametershave been set in the Patient ID page.
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Q I M T W O R K S H E E T
Fig. 3-1: QIMT Graphics Folder
The left upper part indicates which table has been set.
The legenda, shown in the lower part of the screen, reports the correspondingmaximum QIMT with its ranking, the expected QIMT and the set ethnicity.
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Appendix
AQ
IMT
A. QIMT Bibliographic References
• P.J. Touboul, M.G. Hennerici W. et al., “Mannheim CarotidIntima-Media Thickness Consensus (2004-2006)”,Cerebrovascular Deseases- Consensus paper, Oct. 2006.
• Pignoli P., Tremoli E., Poli A., Oreste P., Paoletti R., “IntimalPlus Medial Thickness of the Arterial Wall: A DirectMeasurement with Ultrasound Imaging”, in: Circulation(1986), 74: pp. 1399-1406.
• Mitchell JR., Schwartz CJ., “Relationship between arterialdisease in different sites. The study of the aorta, coronary,carotid and iliac arteries”, in: Br Med J. (1962), 1: pp. 1293-1301.
• Finn AV., Lolodgie FD., Virmani R., “Correlation betweencarotid intima/medial thickness and therosclerosis: A pointof view from pathology”, in: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.(2010), 30: pp. 177-181.
• Polak JF., Person SD., Wei GS., Godreau A., Jacobs DR.,Harrington A., Sidney S., O’Leary DH., “Segment-specificassociation of carotid intima-media thickness withcardiovascular risk factors. The Coronary Artery Riskdevelopment in Young Adult (CARDIA) Study”, in: Stroke(2010), 41: pp. 9-15.
• Schott LL., Wildman RP., Brockwell S., Simkin-SilvermanLR., Kuller LH., Sutton-Tyrrell K., “Segment-specific effectof cardiovascular risk factors on carotid intima-medialthickness in women at midlife”, in: Arterioscler Thromb VascBiol. (2004), 24: pp. 1951-1956.
• Burke GL, Evans GW., Riley W., Sharrett AR., Howard G.,Barnes RW., Rosamond W., Crow RS., Rautaharju PM., HeissG., “Arterial wall thickness is associated with prevalentcardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults. TheAtherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study”, in:Stroke (1995), 26: pp. 386-91.
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Q I M T B I B L I O G R A P H I C R E F E R E N C E S
• Kablak-Ziembicka A., Tracz W., Przewlocki T., Pieniazek P.,Sokolowski A., Konieczynska M., “Association of increasedcarotid intima-media thickness with the extent of coronaryartery disease”, in: Heart (2004), 90: pp.1286-90.
• Davis PH., Dawson JD., Mahoney LT., Lauer RM.,“Increased carotid intimalmedial thickness and coronarycalcification are related in young and middle-aged adults. TheMuscatine study”, in: Circulation (1999), 100: pp. 838-42.
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Appendix
BQ
IMT
B. QIMT Reference TablesHoward TablesNormal values in common carotid.
Black Population
Table B-1: Howard Tables - Black Populat ion - Female - Lef t Side
Table B-2: Howard Tables - Black Populat ion - Female - Right Side
Table B-3: Howard Tables - Black Populat ion - Male - Left Side
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.49 0.56 0.64
55 0.56 0.65 0.75
65 0.62 0.72 0.85
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.51 0.58 0.65
55 0.59 0.68 0.78
65 0.63 0.74 0.85
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.53 0.62 0.72
55 0.61 0.71 0.83
65 0.69 0.82 0.99
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
Table B-4: Howard Tables - Black Populat ion - Male - Right Side
White Population
Table B-5: Howard Tables - White Populat ion - Female - Lef t Side
Table B-6: Howard Tables - White Populat ion - Female - Right Side
Table B-7: Howard Tables - White Populat ion - Male - Left Side
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.52 0.61 0.71
55 0.61 0.72 0.84
65 0.72 0.85 1.01
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.47 0.54 0.61
55 0.54 0.62 0.71
65 0.61 0.71 0.81
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.47 0.53 0.61
55 0.55 0.62 0.71
65 0.60 0.69 0.81
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.52 0.60 0.70
55 0.59 0.68 0.80
65 0.65 0.77 0.93
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
QIM
T
Table B-8: Howard Tables - White Populat ion - Male - Right Side
Reference G.Howard, AR.Sharrett, G.Heiss, GW.Evans, LE.Chambless, WA.Riley andGL.Burke “Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness distribution in generalpopulations as evaluated by B-mode ultrasound” In: ARIC InvestigatorsStroke, 1993;24;1297-1304 1993
Howard Extended TablesNormal values in common carotid.
Black Population
Table B-9: Howard Extended Tables - Black Populat ion - Female
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.50 0.57 0.66
55 0.57 0.66 0.77
65 0.65 0.76 0.90
Age (years)
(mm)
25 390
35 490
45 590
55 580
65 760
75 860
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
Table B-10: Howard Extended Tables - Black Populat ion - Male
White Population
Table B-11: Howard Extended Tables - White Populat ion - Female
Table B-12: Howard Extended Tables - White Populat ion - Male
Age (years)
(mm)
25 440
35 540
45 640
55 740
65 870
75 970
Age (years)
(mm)
25 350
35 450
45 550
55 640
65 730
75 830
Age (years)
(mm)
25 400
35 500
45 610
55 700
65 800
75 900
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
QIM
T
Reference G.Howard, AR.Sharrett, G.Heiss, GW.Evans, LE.Chambless, WA.Riley andGL.Burke “Carotid artery intimal-medial thickness distribution in generalpopulations as evaluated by B-mode ultrasound” In: ARIC InvestigatorsStroke, 1993;24;1297-1304 1993
MESA TablesNormal values in common carotid.
Black Population
Table B-13: MESA Tables - Black Populat ion - Female - Lef t Side
Table B-14: MESA Tables - Black Populat ion - Female - Right Side
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.54 0.63 0.73
54 0.54 0.63 0.73
55 0.59 0.67 0.80
64 0.59 0.67 0.80
65 0.63 0.76 0.90
74 0.63 0.76 0.90
75 0.68 0.78 0.91
84 0.68 0.78 0.91
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.55 0.64 0.74
54 0.55 0.64 0.74
55 0.60 0.71 0.81
64 0.60 0.71 0.81
65 0.65 0.76 0.92
74 0.65 0.76 0.92
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
Table B-15: MESA Tables - Black Populat ion - Male - Lef t Side
Table B-16: MESA Tables - Black Populat ion - Male - Right Side
75 0.71 0.83 0.96
84 0.71 0.83 0.96
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.56 0.69 0.81
54 0.56 0.69 0.81
55 0.63 0.75 0.92
64 0.63 0.75 0.92
65 0.69 0.82 0.99
74 0.69 0.82 0.99
75 0.72 0.85 1.02
84 0.72 0.85 1.02
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.58 0.67 0.89
54 0.58 0.67 0.89
55 0.61 0.74 1.05
64 0.61 0.74 1.05
65 0.71 0.85 1.11
74 0.71 0.85 1.11
75 0.74 0.85 1.13
84 0.74 0.96 1.13
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
QIM
T
White Population
Table B-17: MESA Tables - White Populat ion - Female - Left Side
Table B-18: MESA Tables - White Populat ion - Female - Right Side
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.50 0.58 0.67
54 0.50 0.58 0.67
55 0.55 0.64 0.75
64 0.55 0.64 0.75
65 0.63 0.73 0.85
74 0.63 0.73 0.85
75 0.70 0.80 0.94
84 0.70 0.80 0.94
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.51 0.58 0.79
54 0.51 0.58 0.79
55 0.55 0.65 0.88
64 0.55 0.65 0.88
65 0.65 0.75 1.00
74 0.65 0.75 1.00
75 0.72 0.83 1.07
84 0.72 0.94
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
Table B-19: MESA Tables - White Populat ion - Male - Lef t Side
Table B-20: MESA Tables - White Populat ion - Male - Right Side
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.54 0.63 0.78
54 0.54 0.63 0.78
55 0.57 0.69 0.82
64 0.57 0.69 0.82
65 0.67 0.81 0.95
74 0.67 0.81 0.95
75 0.71 0.85 1.00
84 0.71 0.85 1.00
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.52 0.62 0.71
54 0.52 0.62 0.71
55 0.57 0.68 0.81
64 0.57 0.68 0.81
65 0.65 0.77 0.92
74 0.65 0.77 0.92
75 0.72 0.83 0.97
84 0.72 0.83 0.97
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
QIM
T
Chinese Population
Table B-21: MESA Tables - Chinese Populat ion - Female - Left Side
Table B-22: MESA Tables - Chinese Populat ion - Female - Right Side
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.49 0.58 0.67
54 0.49 0.58 0.67
55 0.52 0.63 0.72
64 0.52 0.63 0.72
65 0.58 0.71 0.87
74 0.58 0.71 0.87
75 0.64 0.76 0.94
84 0.64 0.76 0.94
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.55 0.60 0.70
54 0.55 0.60 0.70
55 0.54 0.63 0.77
64 0.54 0.63 0.77
65 0.59 0.71 0.84
74 0.59 0.71 0.84
75 0.67 0.77 0.96
84 0.67 0.77 0.96
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
Table B-23: MESA Tables - Chinese Populat ion - Male - Lef t Side
Table B-24: MESA Tables - Chinese Populat ion - Male - Right Side
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.55 0.63 0.73
54 0.55 0.63 0.73
55 0.57 0.70 0.84
64 0.57 0.70 0.84
65 0.62 0.72 0.86
74 0.62 0.72 0.86
75 0.69 0.84 0.97
84 0.69 0.84 0.97
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.54 0.64 0.73
54 0.54 0.64 0.73
55 0.56 0.70 0.83
64 0.56 0.70 0.83
65 0.62 0.73 0.92
74 0.62 0.73 0.92
75 0.66 0.79 0.98
84 0.66 0.79 1.07
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
QIM
T
Hispanic Population
Table B-25: MESA Tables - Hispanic Populat ion - Female - Left Side
Table B-26: MESA Tables - Hispanic Populat ion - Female - Right Side
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.51 0.58 0.68
54 0.51 0.58 0.68
55 0.58 0.68 0.79
64 0.58 0.68 0.79
65 0.62 0.72 0.86
74 0.62 0.72 0.86
75 0.68 0.77 0.91
84 0.68 0.77 0.91
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.51 0.58 0.67
54 0.51 0.58 0.67
55 0.57 0.69 0.77
64 0.57 0.69 0.777
65 0.65 0.76 0.87
74 0.65 0.76 0.87
75 0.63 0.78 0.92
84 0.63 0.78 0.92
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
Table B-27: MESA Tables - Hispanic Populat ion - Male - Left Side
Table B-28: MESA Tables - Hispanic Populat ion - Male - Right Side
Reference James H.Stein, Claudia E.Korcarz, R.Todd Hurst, Eva Lonn, ChristopherB.Kendall, Emile R.Mohler “ASE CONSENSUS STATEMENT: Use ofCarotid Ultrasound to Identify Subclinical Vascular Disease and EvaluateCardiovascular Disease Risk: A Consensus Statement from the AmericanSociety of Echocardiography”, American Society of Echocardiography, 2008
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.55 0.64 0.75
54 0.55 0.64 0.75
55 0.61 0.72 0.85
64 0.61 0.72 0.85
65 0.68 0.80 0.98
74 0.68 0.80 0.98
75 0.72 0.86 0.97
84 0.72 0.86 0.97
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
45 0.53 0.62 0.73
54 0.53 0.62 0.73
55 0.60 0.67 0.82
64 0.60 0.67 0.82
65 0.65 0.78 0.90
74 0.65 0.78 0.90
75 0.71 0.81 0.92
84 0.71 0.81 0.92
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Q I M T R E F E R E N C E T A B L E S
QIM
T
CAPS TablesNormal values in common carotid.
White Population
Table B-29: CAPS Tables - White Populat ion - Female
Table B-30: CAPS Tables - White Populat ion - Male
Reference James H.Stein, Claudia E.Korcarz, R.Todd Hurst, Eva Lonn, ChristopherB.Kendall, Emile R.Mohler “ASE CONSENSUS STATEMENT: Use ofCarotid Ultrasound to Identify Subclinical Vascular Disease and EvaluateCardiovascular Disease Risk: A Consensus Statement from the AmericanSociety of Echocardiography”, American Society of Echocardiography, 2008
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
25 0.524 0.567 0.612
35 0.575 0.615 0.66
45 0.619 0.665 0.713
55 0.665 0.719 0.776
65 0.718 0.778 0.852
75 0.771 0.837 0.921
85 0.807 0.880 0.935
Age (years)
25% (mm)
50%(mm)
75%(mm)
25 0.515 0.567 0.633
35 0.585 0.633 0.682
45 0.634 0.686 0.756
55 0.680 0.746 0.837
65 0.745 0.830 0.921
75 0.814 0.914 1.028
85 0.830 0.937 1.208
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Artery TablesNormal values in common carotid.
Table B-31: Female Artery Table
Age (years)
25% (μm)
50%(μm)
75%(μm)
15 351 396 441
20 373 421 469
25 395 446 497
30 417 471 524
35 439 496 552
40 461 521 580
45 483 545 607
50 506 570 635
55 528 595 663
60 550 620 690
65 572 645 718
70 594 670 745
75 616 694 773
80 638 719 801
85 660 744 828
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QIM
T
Table B-32: Male Artery Table
Reference L.Engelen, I.Ferreira, C.D.Stehouwer et al. “Reference Intervals forCommon Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measured with Echotracking:Relation with Risk Factor”, European Heart J, 2012, Nov
Age (years)
25% (μm)
50%(μm)
75%(μm)
15 354 401 449
20 377 427 478
25 400 453 507
30 423 479 536
35 446 505 565
40 468 531 594
45 491 557 624
50 514 583 653
55 537 609 682
60 560 635 711
65 583 662 740
70 606 688 769
75 629 714 798
80 652 740 827
85 675 766 856
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MyLab - A D V A N C E D O P E R A T I O N S B - 16