6 th period journal – wednesday, 1/7/13 sit in your original seats in these desks! 1.what were...
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66thth Period Journal – Wednesday, 1/7/13 Period Journal – Wednesday, 1/7/13Sit in your original seats in these desks!Sit in your original seats in these desks!
1.1. What were some What were some causes of the Civil Warcauses of the Civil War??
2.2. What were major What were major differencesdifferences between between the the North and the SouthNorth and the South prior to the War? prior to the War?
3.3. What was the What was the first state to secedefirst state to secede from from the Union, and what was the the Union, and what was the 11stst battle battle in in that state?that state?
The Civil WarThe Civil War1861-18651861-1865
The North (Union) vs. the South The North (Union) vs. the South (Confederate States of America)(Confederate States of America)
Abraham Lincoln vs. Jefferson DavisAbraham Lincoln vs. Jefferson Davis
Resources & Advantages
North South
-Population-Industry (ammunition)-Resources-Labor pool-Railroad network-Navy-Established government-Abraham Lincoln
-Strong military tradition-Military leaders
(Robert E. Lee)-Fighting for survival
(Psychological)-Fighting on home soil-Defensive War-Washington, DC was onthe outskirts of VA
Strategies
South North
Military
Political / Economical
Small armies;do just enough
damage to breakthe North’s will
to fight
Gain recognitionfrom England &
France; tradewith Europe
instead of North
Anaconda Plan
Prevent secessionof the
Border States(MO, KY, DE, MD)
Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan 1 – Blockade Southern Ports1 – Blockade Southern Ports 2 – Take Mississippi River & Split Confederacy2 – Take Mississippi River & Split Confederacy 3 – Take Richmond (capital of the Confederacy)3 – Take Richmond (capital of the Confederacy)
Fort SumterFort Sumter April, 1861April, 1861 Charleston, SCCharleston, SC
Lincoln sends Lincoln sends supplies tosupplies totroops at forttroops at fort
South fires on South fires on and captures fortand captures fort
Winner – SouthWinner – South
Start of the Civil WarStart of the Civil War
First Battle of Bull RunFirst Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861July 21, 1861 Manassas, VAManassas, VA
South Gen. P.G.T.South Gen. P.G.T.Beauregard & Gen. Beauregard & Gen. Stonewall Jackson’s Stonewall Jackson’s troops defeat North troops defeat North Gen. Irvin McDowell’s 30,000 troopsGen. Irvin McDowell’s 30,000 troops
Winner – SouthWinner – South
Citizens shocked at the carnage of warCitizens shocked at the carnage of war Lincoln fires McDowellLincoln fires McDowell
Monitor v. VirginiaMonitor v. Virginia March, 1862March, 1862 Off VA coastOff VA coast
North North Monitor Monitor v. v. South South VirginiaVirginia (used to be Union (used to be Union MerrimackMerrimack))
Winner – NoneWinner – None
First battle of ironclad ships (modern naval First battle of ironclad ships (modern naval warfare!)warfare!)
Battle of ShilohBattle of Shiloh April, 1862April, 1862 Southwest TennesseeSouthwest Tennessee
North Gen. Ulysses S. Grant North Gen. Ulysses S. Grant captures forts in TN, wins captures forts in TN, wins two-day battle in Shiloh; two-day battle in Shiloh; 25,000 troop casualties25,000 troop casualties
Winner – NorthWinner – North
Death toll horrifying for North & SouthDeath toll horrifying for North & South Grant’s reputation hurt Grant’s reputation hurt
Second Battle of Bull RunSecond Battle of Bull Run August, 1862August, 1862 Manassas, VAManassas, VA
South Gen. Lee & South Gen. Lee & Jackson defeat larger Jackson defeat larger Northern forceNorthern force
Winner – SouthWinner – South
Southern confidence is highSouthern confidence is high Lincoln re-hires McClellan Lincoln re-hires McClellan
Battle of AntietamBattle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862Sept. 17, 1862 Sharpsburg, MDSharpsburg, MD
North Gen. McClellan defeats South Gen. Lee; North Gen. McClellan defeats South Gen. Lee; 23,000 casualties; Lee retreats to VA23,000 casualties; Lee retreats to VA
Winner – NorthWinner – North
Bloodiest day Bloodiest day in American historyin American history Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation
What is the significance of the advent of photography at this time?
What is the significance of the advent of photography at this time?
Emancipation Proclamation
Who issued it?:With victory at Antietam, Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation
Whom did it free?:All enslaved people in rebelling states beginning January 1, 1863
Who is this leaving out?:It did not apply to loyal border states or to places that were already under Union military control;Didn’t free ALL slaves!
Who is this leaving out?:It did not apply to loyal border states or to places that were already under Union military control;Didn’t free ALL slaves!
So, it received a mixed reaction (both positive and negative)So, it received a mixed reaction (both positive and negative)
p. 236-239
After the After the ProclamationProclamation, the North begins , the North begins active recruitment of African Americansactive recruitment of African Americans
180,000180,000 African American volunteers in the African American volunteers in the Union military by war’s endUnion military by war’s end
Most well-known African American regiment:Most well-known African American regiment:
– 54th Massachusetts Regiment54th Massachusetts Regiment
What difficulties do What difficulties do you think they faced?you think they faced?
Prejudice: Assigned menialPrejudice: Assigned menial
tasks, longest guard, exposedtasks, longest guard, exposed
battle positions, lower pay, killed if capturedbattle positions, lower pay, killed if captured
Battle of GettysburgBattle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863July 1-3, 1863 PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
General Lee & the South invade the NorthGeneral Lee & the South invade the North 3-day battle ends after unsuccessful Southern attack 3-day battle ends after unsuccessful Southern attack
known as “Pickett’s Charge”known as “Pickett’s Charge” 50,000 casualties50,000 casualties
Winner – NorthWinner – North
***Turning Point******Turning Point*** South retreats to VASouth retreats to VA Lincoln issues Gettysburg AddressLincoln issues Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg Address - November 19, 1863
Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea May – Dec 1864May – Dec 1864 GeorgiaGeorgia
(North) Gen. William T. Sherman (North) Gen. William T. Sherman marches from TN/GA border, through marches from TN/GA border, through Atlanta, to GA coast,Atlanta, to GA coast,
Destroyed cities, factories, RRs, homes along the Destroyed cities, factories, RRs, homes along the way; way; “Total War”“Total War”
Winner – NorthWinner – North
Atlanta burned to the groundAtlanta burned to the ground Southern economy destroyedSouthern economy destroyed
Battle of VicksburgBattle of Vicksburg July 1863July 1863 MississippiMississippi
Grant places Vicksburg under siege, cutting Grant places Vicksburg under siege, cutting off supplies & bombarding the city until its off supplies & bombarding the city until its surrendersurrender
Winner – NorthWinner – North ***Turning Point in the War******Turning Point in the War*** North gains the Mississippi River, North gains the Mississippi River,
splits Confederacy in halfsplits Confederacy in halfWhich plan does this satisfy?
Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea
Battle of Ft. FisherBattle of Ft. Fisher December 1864December 1864 Wilmington, NCWilmington, NC
Failed attempt by Union forces to capture the fort Failed attempt by Union forces to capture the fort guarding Wilmington, the South's last major port guarding Wilmington, the South's last major port on the Atlanticon the Atlantic
11stst day – Union tried to blow up a ship to destroy day – Union tried to blow up a ship to destroy the Fort’s walls and failed; 2the Fort’s walls and failed; 2ndnd day – Union tried to day – Union tried to come ashore and failedcome ashore and failed
320 casualties 320 casualties
Winner – SouthWinner – South
The South keeps their portThe South keeps their port
Battle of BentonvilleBattle of Bentonville March 1865March 1865 North CarolinaNorth Carolina
Confederate army launched a tactical offensive Confederate army launched a tactical offensive on Union troopson Union troops
Only significant attempt to defeat the large Only significant attempt to defeat the large Sherman during its march through the Sherman during its march through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865Carolinas in the spring of 1865
Winner – NorthWinner – North
Largest battle fought in NCLargest battle fought in NC
Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House April 1865April 1865 VirginiaVirginia
(South) Gen. Lee’s (South) Gen. Lee’s troops are trapped troops are trapped & surrounded by & surrounded by Northern troopsNorthern troops
Lee formally surrenders to GrantLee formally surrenders to Grant
Winner – NorthWinner – North
The war is (unofficially) overThe war is (unofficially) over
Mclean House, Appomattox Court House, Mclean House, Appomattox Court House, Va., where Lee surrendered to GrantVa., where Lee surrendered to Grant
Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theatre, D.C.Ford’s Theatre, D.C.
John Wilkes Booth sneaks into Lincoln’s booth, John Wilkes Booth sneaks into Lincoln’s booth, shoots him in the headshoots him in the head
Loss of a great Loss of a great leader, but seen by leader, but seen by many as a hero and many as a hero and a symbol of freedoma symbol of freedom
http://www.history.com/topics/john-wilkes-booth/interactives/john-wilkes-booth-timeline-and-map
Life on the Home FrontNorth SouthBoth
Paying for the war…
-Income Taxes
-High tariffs
-Sold bonds
-Tax on farmproduce
-Steal Unionfood and supplies
Life on the Home FrontNorth SouthBoth
Soldiers…
-Caused draftriots in NY,1863
-Conscription(draft) toprovidesoldiers
Life on the Home FrontNorth SouthBoth
Trade/Economy…
-Homestead Actmade westernlands availablefor farmers
-Crops & landdestroyed byfighting
Life on the Home FrontNorth SouthBoth
Property/Other rights…
-Seize propertyin support ofwar effort
-Suspendinghapeas corpus
Economic boom &growth of industries
Disunity & in danger ofcollapse
What is habeas corpus?:Protects a person from being held in jail without being charged with a specific crime…. So why do Lincoln/the South do this?
Copperheads – Northern Democrats who were against the warWhy would they receive this nickname?
Matthew Brady
Famous Civil Warphotographer
“The Dead atAntietam”
Life for SoldiersLife for SoldiersLife for SoldiersLife for Soldiers
• Poor Conditions in camps• Poor sanitation, led to the
rapid spread of illness and disease
• More men died in war from disease than from battle
• Most frequent treatment of disease and illness/injury: Amputation
• Prison Camps: Horrible Conditions
• Most Famous in Andersonville, GA
Clara BartonClara Barton
-Famous Civil War-Famous Civil Warnurse, cared for wounded nurse, cared for wounded soldiers on the battlefieldssoldiers on the battlefields-Best known for her later work -Best known for her later work with the Red Crosswith the Red Cross
What are other women doing during the war?•Vast majority of women took over family businesses, farms, and plantations•Jobs typically for men become held by more women (teaching, for example)•Nursing
WOMEN IN THE WARWOMEN IN THE WAR
Other Civil War “Fun” Facts:Other Civil War “Fun” Facts:General Ambrose Burnside. I think we know what we can thank this guy for… Sideburns!
• During the Battle of Antietam, 12,401 Union men were killed, missing or wounded; double the casualties of D-Day, 82 years later. With a total of 23,000 casualties on both sides, it was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.
• More men died in the Civil War than any other American conflict, and two-thirds of the dead perished from disease
• During the Battle of Antietam, 12,401 Union men were killed, missing or wounded; double the casualties of D-Day, 82 years later. With a total of 23,000 casualties on both sides, it was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.
• More men died in the Civil War than any other American conflict, and two-thirds of the dead perished from disease
Who had the best facial hair in the Civil War? You decide!http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Who-Had-the-Best-Civil-War-Facial-Hair.html
Civil War ReviewLong-Term
Causes
AmericanCivil War
(1861-1865)
Advantages
Short-TermCauses
Advantages
Outcomes
Outcomes
North
South
Why did the North win?Why did the South lose?
Civil War ReviewLong-Term Causes
AmericanCivil War
(1861-1865)Short-Term Causes
Civil War Review
AmericanCivil War
(1861-1865)
Advantages
Advantages
Outcomes
Outcomes
North
South
Why did the North win?Why did the South lose?