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Science

Influenceofscience

1Themodernattitude,whichhasprovedsosignificantinscience,issafer.Theeraofmysterymongeringispast.Knowledgewhichisnotverifiablecannotbereceivedwithcertitude.Overmuchprofessionofthepossessionofsecretpowersopensthedoorstoimposture.Hewhoisunabletoofferadequateevidencehadbetternotseekthepublicear.Itisonlythesupersessionofhumanreasonthathasmadeitpossibletosupporterrorforsomanycenturies.

2TheWesthasbeentrainingitselffortwocenturiesormorealongthelinesofphysicalinquiry,andthefruitfulnessofachievementhasordainedthatphysicalresults,tangibleandvisibleresults,arethethingswhichinterestusmost.

3Thescientificoutlookisitsownsatisfaction.Thepracticalrewardswhichattachthemselvestoitpossesstheirvalue,buttheconsciousnessofbeingabletoappraiselifecorrectly,whereverandwhateverbeone'senvironment,isimmeasurablyworthwhile.

4Philosophymustbuildherstructurewithunimpeachablefactswhichmeansthatshemustbuilditwithscientificallyverifiedfacts.

5Howoftenhasmankindbeenofferedconceptsandconclusions,ideasandimaginationsalongwiththevehementassertionthattheyaredirectlyobservedfacts!

6Thereisacertainmeasureofsafetyinthedeliberatecultivationofrationalthoughtbasedonobservedfactasaguidetoaction.Thisisthewaythatsciencehastravelledwiththediscoveriesof,andprofitsby,naturallaw.Thisisthewaythatindustryandcommercehavetravelled,withsolidresultsforalltosee.Itsvalue,whenappliedtomethodsofachievement,isaprovedone.

7Thesciencesareusefultomanandneednotbecursedfortheevilresultsoftheirabusebyman.Heneedsrathertolearnhowtomakeabetter,moreprudent,andwiseruseofthem.

8Thespiritofsciencewhichhappenstobethespiritofthisagehasrationalizedus,andwearenaturallyimpatientofallmisguidedpersonswhoappearirrational.

9Thescientificmethodhasbeensufficientlyusedandsufficientlypopularizedtobringaboutaradicalchangeintheoutlookofeducatedmen.Revelationsarenolongerblindlyaccepted.Thespiritofenquiryisawake,andtheserevelationscannolongerbesavedby

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placingtheminwatertightcompartments,bysettingupbarricadesbeyondwhichthequestingspiritofscienceisnotallowedtoproceed.Criticalmethodsofexaminationmustbeeverywhereapplied.Thatwhichseekstoescapebyhoistingasacrosanctflag,isdishonesttoitselfandtoothers.

10TheareaofEuropeanknowledgehasextendedfarbeyondthatofoldRome.Sciencehaspenetratedeverycornerofourlives.Ithascometostay.Wemustwelcomethewisdomoftheancientsbutitsformulationshouldberemoldedinthelightofpresentdayknowledge.

11Astheintellectualchangeofattitudeispromotedbythediscoveriesofscienceandthereflectionsofscientists,religious,moral,educational,metaphysical,andsocialchangeswillfollowasalogicalconsequence.

12Notloosebutexact,notdilettantebutmethodical,notcredulousbutcritical,notinhastetojumpatconclusionsbutpatienttogetallthefactsfirstsuchisthescientificattitudewhichmustbeembracedbythemanwhowouldbeaphilosopher.

13Electricitynotonlylightsupthevillagestreetitalsolightsupthevillagemind.Fortheintrusionofsciencestimulatesthinkingandscarifiessuperstition.

14Bothreasonandscience,whichstandinthepathofthemystic,assistthefurtherprogressofthephilosopher.

15Ourchemicalmagicianswavetheirwandsoveraheapoftarandlo!itistransformedintofragrantperfumes,brilliantdyes,andvaluabledrugs.

16ThescientificknowledgeaccumulatedinasingleyearnowadaysexceedstheentirestockofknowledgeofancientGreece.

17Modernmanmustbepresentedwithamoderntechniqueofspiritualunfoldment.Hedemandsascientificapproachtowardstruthandthereisnorealreasonwhyhisdemandshouldnotbesatisfied.Hedemandsasimplifiedyetinclusivetechnique,andonethatwillbeatthesametimeprecisepracticalandimmediatelyapplicable.

18Themysticsmayscornscience,butitissciencewhichhasforcedthedifferentpeoplesofthisearthtorecognizetheirinterdependenceandtoadmittheneedofbrotherhood.

19Inanageofscience,thisstubbornrefusaltorelatecausalfactstoconsequentialones,thisblinddeterminationtoascribeallhappeningstoGod'swillandnonetoman'sdoing,becomeschildish.

20ScienceisbasedupontheexaminationofNaturesocalledsystemsofphilosophyaretoooftensystemsofdiscussiononlyorofabstractthoughtwithoutanyreferenceto,ortestby,thefactsofNature.

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21Bothforgoodandill,sciencehasimposedadictatorshipovertheotherwaysofknowingandtheotherwaysandresultsofexperience.Ithasadmittedlyearneditspositionbytheimmensevalueandutilityofitspracticalapplication,sovisibleallaroundus,aswellasrespectforthequalityofitsthinkingusuallyexact,factual,andaccurate.

22Whenweplacescienceasanessentialpreliminaryandintegralpartofthiscourse,wemustmakeclearthatwhatisprimarilymeantbythetermhereisscientificeducationoftheunderstandingandnotthecommunicationofscientificknowledge.Botharenecessaryineverycurriculum,butwhereastheformerimpliesadevelopmentofintelligence,thelatterisanaccumulationoffacts.Wevaluetheculturalaspectsofscience,itspowertotrainthemindincorrectthinkingandproperenquiry,asbeingmoreimportantforthepurposesofthisquestthanitspracticalaspects,whichdealwithphysicaltechniquesandmaterialbehaviours.Weesteemthecautious,sceptical,andkeenlyenquiringmethodofapproachwhichthescientistusestheutilitarianresultsofsuchamethodarenotourspecialconcern.Themeaningofthisdifferencebecomesclearerwhenitisstatedthatthecollegeshaveproducedmanysciencegraduateswhopossessmuchscientificknowledge,butlittlescientifictraining.Theyhaveassimilatedafairamountofscientificknowledgethroughtheuseofmemoryandotherfaculties,buttheyhavenotorganizedtheirreasonandsharpenedtheirintelligencebytheassimilationofscientificprinciples.Thestudyofphilosophydemandsacertainmentalequipment,apreliminaryexpansionoftheintellectualfaculties,beforeitcanbecomereallyfruitfulandactuallyeffective.Theknowledgeofanumberoffactscontainedinanumberofbooksisnotsufficienttomakeascientistsuchaknowledgeissterilefromtheviewpointofthisquest,howevervaluableitbefromtheviewpointofcommercialandindustrialdevelopment.

23Wearenotlikelytogiveupvoluntarilythecivilizedcomfortswhichsciencehasgivenus,northemachineswithwhichitservesus.Areturntotribalism,medievalism,andprimitivityisunlikely.

24Sciencebringsmaterialcomfortsinitshandsasitsofferingtous.Thesethingsarenottobedespised,buttheyarealsonottobeworshipped.Takethem,Oman,foryouneedthembutlearntobecomelessabsorbedinthem.

25ThereisnothingwronginseekingtomakeNature'senergiesandmaterialsservetheneedsofmankind.Technologyisnotallevil,asbeginningescapeesfromamaterialisticsocietysooftenbelieve.EvenOrientalpeasantshaveasimpletechnology.

26ThankstoscienceIcanlookatmywatchandthusdeterminewithaprecisionthatCopernicusneverknewatwhatpointofitsrotationtheearthis.

27ThiscenturyhasseenrevolutionsinconventionalthoughtlikenonAristoteliansystems,nonNewtonianmechanics,multivaluedlogics,whichhavedestroyedancientsacrosancterrors.

28Thevalueoftruthasanintellectualidealhasgreatlyincreased.Wehaveusedourbrainsduringthelasttwoorthreecenturiesasneverbefore.Sciencehasmadegiantstrides,andthepronouncementsofthescientistarehighlyvaluedmerelybecausewebelievethathespeaksimpartiallyandimpersonallyasatruthseeker.

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29Onlyalittleoverthreehundredyearsagodidscientistsbegintounderstandthelanguageofthestory.Sincethattime,theageofGalileoandNewton,readinghasproceededrapidly.Techniquesofinvestigation,systematicmethodsoffindingandfollowingclues,havebeendeveloped.ThediscoveryanduseofscientificreasoningbyGalileowasoneofthemostimportantachievementsinthehistoryofhumanthoughtandmarkstherealbeginningofphysics.Thisdiscoverytaughtusthatintuitiveconclusionsbasedonimmediateobservationarenotalwaystobetrusted,fortheysometimesleadtothewrongclues.

30Theupshotofthisstatementisthatalthoughitisafactfromthepracticalstandpointthatyourtypewriterstillrestsonthetable,itisequallyafactfromcontemporaryknowledgethatis,theultrascientificstandpointofdeeperenquirythattheseriesofenergywaveswhichconstitutedyourtypewriter,theseriesofeventswhichwereoriginallypresentinthespacetimecontinuum,areperpetuallyvanishing.Whatthenisthemeaningofthis"fact"?

31Science,keepingclosetofacts,restrictsthementalactivitieswhereasfancy,willingtodisregardthem,lendsthemwings.

32Itisagreatmeritofsciencethatitsmethodproducesresultsthataredefinite,reliable,andpredictable.Weknowthatiftheneededconditionsareproperlyfulfilled,theresultwillnotvaryfrompreviousresults.

33Thereisstillamysteryatthecoreoftheatom.Humilityisasbefittingbeforeittodayasitwasahundredyearsago.

34Thescientificmodeofthoughtisnolongerlimitedtoafewscientists.Ithasbeguntopermeatetheeducatedworldgenerally.

35Thereligiouswaywastosuppressawkwardquestionsbutthescientificwayistoseekouttheanswers.

36Modernphysics,mathematics,andmetaphysicsarebridgestowardseachother.

37Itmayproperlybecalledascientificmethodonlyifitsresultscanbecheckedbyobserversanywhereintheworld.

38Itoughttoberememberedthatanumberofthosewhohaveespousedmaterialismhavebeenledintoitbytheirloyaltytotruth,bytheirintellectualhonesty,ratherthanbyanevilnature.

39Scienceisreallyorentirelyanaffairoftheintellectbecauseitdealswithmanifestforcesandvisibleanddiscoverablefacts.

40(a)"ThevulgarbeliefthatSciencehas"explainedeverything"isahopeless

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misunderstanding.Asweshallafterwardsfind,itwouldbenearerthetruthtosaythatSciencehasexplainednothing.(b)Sciencedoesnoteventrytoreferfactsofexperiencetoanyultimatereality.Thatisnotitsbusiness.(c)InalimitedsenseScienceexplainsthings,namely,byreducingthemtosimplerterms,bydiscoveringtheconditionsoftheiroccurrence,andbydisclosingtheirhistory.WhatdowemeanwhenwesaythatPhysicshasaccountedforthetidesorthatPhysiologyhasmadesomefunctionofthebodymuchmoreintelligiblethanitusedtobe?Whatismeantisthatwehavegainedageneralconceptionofthenatureofthefactsinquestion,andthatweareabletorelatethemtosomegeneralformula.InthissenseonlydoesScienceexplainthings,anditdoesnotreallygetbeyondadescription."Thomson,IntroductiontoScience.

41Earlierscientistshadtostruggletoomuchtofreetheirknowledgeanddiscoveryfromthedogmasorpersecutionsofreligionnottobeantagonistictowardit.Andtheyhadalsotostruggleagainsttheimaginativespeculationsimposedonthembymetaphysicsnottobefriendlywithit.

Whensciencestandsalone

42Therightuseofscienceisthephysicalreleaseofman.Theworshipofscienceleadstoitswronguseandfromtheretothedownfallofman.

43Thescientificmind,cautioustoacceptnothingmorethantheevidencejustifies,scrupuloustoachieveaccuracyinobservation,possessesthedefectsofitsvirtues.Foritshutsoutthecompleteviewofathing,sincethatrequirestheuseofotherfacultiesaswellastheintellectituses,facultiessuchasimaginationandemotion.

44Metaphysicsmustteachustothinkandsciencemustprovideuswiththenecessaryfactsuponwhichtoexerciseourthinking.Butifitomitsmysticalfactsitisincompletescience.

45Theintellectuals,includingthescientists,havesubstitutedfaithinintellectualprocessesforfaithinreligiousones.Inthelastcaseitisopenbeliefinthefirstone,itismasked,hidden,coveredup,butstillfaith.

46Allofthosewhousethedataofsciencetosupporttheirbeliefinintellectualmaterialismandtojustifytheirscornforreligionandmysticism,denytheverysourcefromwhichtheyultimatelydrawtheirintellectualcapacitytomaketheircriticism.Andtotheextentthatitletsthemuseitso,scienceitselfbecomessuperstition.

47Thephilosopherfullyappreciatesthehighworthofthepointofviewofscienceandapplaudsitsmethod,butherefusestolimithimselftothem.Forheknowsthatonecannottakealltruthasone'sterritoryunlessoneappliesallsidesofhisbeingtotheenterprise.

48Instrivingtomastertheirearthlysurroundings,theydonothingwrong.Noristhisstatementchangediftheycallonthescientificintellecttohelpthemdoso.Materialismbeginsandgrowswhenthemoral,themetaphysicalintuitive,andthereligiouspointsof

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viewaresubmergedandlostintheprocess.

49Aftertheintellecthasfinishedanalysingthisexperience,judgingitbyscience'slightandwithscience'scriticalrigour,thesubtleessenceislost.

50Withallourscientificknowledgeandtechnicalskills,weknowlittleofoursubconsciousself,lessofourspiritualself,andweareunabletocontrolthoughtsandevenlessabletoconcentrateattention.

51Thereisnoteachinghoweverscientificwhichwillnotbefound,onsimpleorsevereanalysis,tomakesomecallonfaith.

52ThethousandsofscientistswhothrongthehallsofculturetodaycantellussomuchaboutthethousandsofdetailsexistentinNatureorfabricatedbymanyetstillcannottelluswhytheentirecosmosispresenthereinspacetimeatall.Theyhavearichwealthofknowledgeandcandescribewellwhatishappeningbutwhatitisallforcompletelyeludesthem.

53Thescientistcangiveusfactsofwhichhehasmadecertain,butwhytheyshouldhappentobeastheyare,hecannotsay.

54Ifscientificprogresshasfreedmanfrommanydrudgeries,ithasenslavedhimwithmanyillusions.Oneoftheseisthebeliefthatitisitselfsufficienttoguideandguardhim.

55Stupendousarethepossibilitieswhentheatomicforceswillbetoilingforus,slavingforusbutstilltheyareonlymaterialpossibilities.

56Thosewhobelievethatsciencewillremoveallthetroublesofmanandalltheflawsinman,havebadlytakentheirmeasureofNature.

57Althoughtheeducationaltrendhasstimulatedinterestinscienceaboveanyothersubject,atimewillcomewhentheeducatedpersonwillfindthathecannotlivebysciencealone.Theartswilldemandandreceivetheirdue.Thespiritwillputinitsgentlecall.Inotherwords,culturewillhavetocompleteitself.

58Thewheelrevolved.Timecircledaroundtheglobe.Andmencasttheirfaithfromthem.Anewstarhadarisen,Science!

59Sciencetreatsmanasahigheranimal,andhasnobetterviewofhim.Thisisincompletetothepointoffalsity,dangeroustothepointofselfdestruction.

60Thescientistboastsofhistriumphs.ButhowgreatafterallishistriumphoverNatureifheisstillunabletomakeevenatinyinsect?

61

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Ifknowledgefailstoreconcilesciencewithreligionandphilosophy,thencivilizationwillbecomethevictimofapoliticallydirectedmaterialisticscientificknowledge,andendbydestroyingitself.

62Arethephysiciansandsurgeonsnotalreadyworthytobecalleddeadwhoknowsolittleoftheirownselves,andsomuchofthebodiesinwhichtheyarelodged?

63Sciencehasseduceduscompletely,socompletelythatweareabletoliveunaffectedbythewisdomoftheancientsandofthepastasthoughithadneverbeen.Sciencehasbecomeitsgraveyard.Wedonotunderstandthattherealmoftruthintowhichtheseancientspenetratedstillexists.

64Whenscienceleadsmantodenyhissacredsourceandtodecryallpersonaltestimoniestoexperienceofitsexistence,scienceisnolongerservingmanbutseriouslycripplinghim.

65Scienceisnotthesamethingasscientism.Thelatterinvolvesacult,theformeravalidattitude.Thevictimsofthemodernhighereducationtoooftenandtoounwittinglyareinitiatedandpressedintothiscult,whileallthetimebelievingthattheyarebeingtrainedintheformer.

66Thecoldanalysisbyascientistmayfindnothingpresentinmanthatwillfittheterm"Overself,"nothingsacred,mystic,andegoless.Butinmakingthisanalysishisprincipalinstrumentwastheintellect,andthisatoncelimitedhisresult.

67Theyproclaimtherelativityofallintellectualstandpoints,allspiritualdoctrines,butfailtoseethattheirownstandpointanddoctrinearealsostampedwithsuchrelativity.

68Whatclergymenpreachedtothem,scientiststaughtthemtodoubt.

69Thesetoughmindedpeoplecannotseethatastateofconsciousnesscanberealiftheycannotbringitwithintheirlimitedimagination.

70ScientifictruthacquiredfromwithoutisutterlydifferentfromSpiritualtruthrevealedfromwithin.

71Theyderivetheirownmindsandallotherminds,alongwiththeirbodies,fromtheprimevalmud.Thusconsciousness,thepitifullyslenderandfragmentaryechoofanechowhichisallweordinarilypossess,isdegradedandfalsified,sothatitsultimatelydivineoriginisutterlylost.

72Einsteinhasdemonstratedonceandforallhowexperimentalsciencecanonlyreachrelativetruthandhowabsolutenessisunapproachable.Andeveninmathematics,too,whereweimaginethatexactnessreplacesapproximationweshallfindthatabsolutequantitiesareunattainable.Itisimpossibletomarkwithprecisionthefractionofa

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fractionofafractionofasecondwhichactuallyelapsesbeforeorafteranygiventimedimensionwhichisreadoffthedialofawatchandthusfalsifiesourreading.Itisequallyimpossibletomeasurewithrigidcertitudeanydimensiononthescalewhichshallnotbeafractionofafractionofafractionofaninchshorterorlongerthanoursupposedmeasurement.Norhasanyscientificexperimentyetarrivedatanabsolutezeroinactualitybuthasmerelyapproximatedit.

73Themystic,whoknowsmoreabouttheinternalworldthanthescientist,isentitledtoahearingnotlessrespectfulthanthattowhichthescientistisentitledbecauseheknowsmoreabouttheexternalworld.

74Arethecomputer,theauto,andthetelevisionenoughtosupportamanwhenhighersupportsarelostorlacking?

75Thereisnoneedtodenythebeautyofaflower,apicture,oralandscapeinorderscientificallytoaffirmitschemicalcomposition.Thereisroomforbothviews.

76Itisthetragedyofonewhoknowstoomuchtobelievethattheuniverseisanaccidentalconjunctionofatomsbuttoolittletobelievethatmanhimselfisdivineinessence,inorigin,andindestiny.

77Thereisinmanaknowingprinciple.Duringhisexistenceheappliesittoparticularandseparateobjects,creatures,theworldoutside,Nature.Andnowtospace!Thisspiritofinquiryhasenabledhimtobringthemoonintohispathoftravel.ButtheKnoweritselfremainsneglected,unknown.

78Thescientificapproachisinsistentindemandingproofandrequiringevidence.

79Sciencehasitsbigotriesnolessthanreligion.

80Incautiouslytryingtoshutoutfromitsexaminationsandunderstandingoffactsthehumanfactorswhichfalsifythem,themodernscientistshutoutalsothosewhichareallimportantintheexaminationandunderstandingofhimself.

81Theyarestilltryingtoknowbytouchofthehandorsightoftheeyewhatonlystilledconcentrationofmindcanreveal.

82Thesameeducationwhichfreesamanfromsuperstitionmaycausehimtomissthesubtlerknowledgeofhisrealinnerbeing,sothathismindwronglybelievesitselftobeaproductofthebody.

83Scienceexaminestheuniverseandreadsfromitthelawsofexistence.Thescientistcannotgobeyondtheunseenenergyfromwhichtheatomisderived.Butthemetaphysician,usingpureintelligencealone,canpursuethequestion:Whatisfundamentallyrealinallthis?

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84Thescientificattitudeshouldhavebeenusedtokeepsuperstitionandimposture,fanaticismandfancy,confusionanduntruthoutofreligion.Insteaditwasusedtodestroyreligioninmanyminds.

85Scientificknowledgecanbeextendedindefinitelybutitwillnotbeabletodomorethanhelpbodyand,toalesserextent,mind:salvationitcannotgiveus.

86Thoseintellectualswholimitedthemselvesonlytotheknowledgeofpresentdayscienceandtothemethodsofpresentdayresearchhaveonlythemselvestoblamefortheworldwidemenaceofselfdestructionatwhichtheynowshudder.

87Thedisintegrationoftheatomwhichsciencehassoamazinglyachievedisanimmensesymbolofthedisintegrationofmanwhichthescientisthasbroughtabout.Theresultsofbotharenotonlyequallydisastrousbutalsointimatelyrelated.

88Theconsciousnesswhichhasgoneintotheseremarkableinventionsofthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturiescanbetracedbacktotheprimaryconsciousnessofman,andthatisthedivinepartofhisbeing,theOverself.Butalltheseinventionsserveamaterialpurpose,andman'suseofthemcouldhavebeenforeseen,fortheyhavebeenusedonlytodrawhimdeeperdownintomaterialismandfartherawayfromthehighergoalwhichhasbeensetforhimbytheWorldIdea.Scienceisneutral.Whathehasdonetoapplyitsdiscoveriesshowsthekindofthoughtwhichisuppermostinhismind,andthattheuseoftheseinventionsisforselfish,exaggeratedlyselfish,purposesbyindividualsandbynations.Thenegativepurposeshavepredominatedoverthepositiveusemadeofthem.

Itisclearenoughthatwiththeterribleweaponsnowinthehandsofthehumanrace,andwiththelowmoralidealswhichitholds,soonerorlatertheywillbeusedtodestroythegreaterpartofthepopulationoftheplanet.

89TheatomicbombcouldnothavefallenonHiroshimaifthescienceofmathematicshadnotbeenformulatedbydevelopedhumanintellect.Thathumanethicsfailedtodevelopsofarandwasevenrejectedbysciencewasafailurewhichturnedwhitemagicintoblackmagic.

90Yes,sciencehasprogressed,andcarriedusallalongwithit.Butwherehasitprogressed,ledus?Wearefacednotonlywiththenuclearwarasafuturepossibilitybutalsowiththedangersanddevastationsofexperimentalatomfissionasapresentactuality.Thegravechangesinclimatewiththeirseriousresultsforagriculture,animals,andlifeofmanhimselfaswellastheincreasingpermeationofwaterreservoirs,riversandlakesandseaswithdestructiveradiation,aredefinitelyharmingustoday.Iamnotsuggestingarevoltagainstsciencebutofferingawarning.

91Wemustpitythemillionswhohavebecometheshuteyed,mesmerizedcreaturesoftheirperiod,whoarecarriedawaytoofarfromtheshoresofsafetybythetriumphsofsciencetounderstandwhattheterribleendofitallmaybe.

92Science,whichwastohaveservedmanfaithfully,hasbecomeatrap.Themoreheuses

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it,themoredangerouslyishetrapped.Butalas!hedoesnotwanttoseehowprecariousishissituation,sotheprophetmustremainmuteandobscure:waitingandwatchingthehigherforceswhicharethemselveswatchingfortheinevitableresultthatwillarrestthisevil.

93Greatinventionshavenotgivenmoreaspirationsbuttheyhaveenlargedhispowertocommunicatewithothersaboutthemandhavemadeiteasiertoservesomeofthem.Butunfortunatelyforhim,theyhavealsoenlargedhispowertocommunicateevilideasandmadeiteasiertoserveevildesires.

94Wherescienceisbalancedbytheintuitiveheartforcesitbringswellbeingtomanbutwhereitiscontrolledbythecoldselfishheadforcesaloneitbringshimtoblackmagicanddestroyshim.

95Sciencewhich,withitsearlypromiseofutopianprogress,wastobringcheertotheheart,hasactuallybroughtfeartothemind.

96Philosophyrespectsscience,butnottheabusesofscience.Whentheyoccur,theycreatematerialisminmetaphysicalthought,pollutioninindustrialapplication,andunbalanceinreligiouscriticism.

97Scientificprogresshasgivenususefulgadgets,butterriblepoisons.Insteadoftheparadisetowhichtheenthusiastsofthelastcenturyasserteditwasgoingtoleadus,wenowlookforwardwithmuchanxiety,foritisbeginningtolookmorelikeahelluponearth.

98Whenmanextendedthesimpletoolswhichheusedintotheearlysimplermachines,thedevelopmentwasaninevitableconsequenceofhisdevelopingmind.Thechangewasausefuloneandbroughthimconveniencesorcomfortsunavailabletothemonarchsandmillionairesofpreviouscenturies.Butwhenthiswaspushedfartherandfarther,fasterandfaster,itsinherentdangersappeared,humansafetywasimperilled,humanhealthignored,andhumansensitivitycrushed.Technologygrewintoamonster.

99Itisproperformantousetheworld,toexploitscience,onlyaslongashedoesnotpermitthemtoenslavehim.

100Theknowledgegotthroughtheeyesandearsmay,whenunitedtoreason,leadonlytoselfishcunningandcausedestructivesufferingtoothers.Butwhenitisunitedtobothreasonandintuition,itcanleadonlytowisdomandbringgoodtoothers.Theworldtodayisundergoingthisdangerandignoringthisremedy.Consequently,themoresciencediscoversabouttheatom,theworsewillbehumanity'ssuffering.

Scienceandmetaphysics

101Ifandwhenthescientistwhoobservesphenomenaandtabulatesfactstriestosinkashaft

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deepdownthroughthem,hewillstrikethestratumofmetaphysics.Hemaydespiseit,hemaywithdrawindisgust,butifhecontinuestopushhisshafthewillnotbeabletoescapehavingtoinvestigatehisphenomenaandfactsinthewaythatthemetaphysicianinvestigatesthem.Norwillhebeabletostopeventhere.Iffirstthoughtmakesacommonmanintoascientist,andsecondthoughtintoametaphysician,thirdthoughtwillmakehimintoaphilosopher.

102FewpeopleoutsidetheRoyalSocietyknowthatSirIsaacNewton,whosebook,ThePrincipia,changedsciencetoitsfoundations,wasnotonlyoneofEngland'sgreatestmenofsciencebutalsooneofhermostardentstudentsofmysticism.Thereisalargemass,estimatedatonemillionwords,ofunprintedpaperswhichheleftbehindinaboxatCambridgepaperswhichmustsurelyhavebeenwellknowntohisbewilderedbiographersbutwhichhaveneverbeenpublishedoutoffearofharmingNewton'sreputationbythemererevelationofthisinterestinasubjectwhichwasforsolongtabooinscientificcircles.AfterNewton'sdeathBishopHorsleyinspectedtheboxwithaviewtopublication,butonseeingsomeofthecontentsheslammedthelidwithhorror.Theexistenceofthesepapersiswellknownto,andhasbeentestifiedby,SirRobertRobinson,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,who,askinghowNewtoncouldbebothamathematicianandamystic,himselfansweredthatitwasbecausehe"perceivedamysterybeyondanddidhisbesttopenetrateit."AlsoitiswellknowntothelateLordKeynes,thefamouseconomist,whowasmovedbythemtoexclaimthatNewton's"deepestinstinctswereoccult,"andthat"thecluetohismindistobefoundinhisunusualpowersofcontinuousconcentratedintrospection."

InalecturegiventoasmallprivateaudienceattheRoyalSocietyClubin1942,LordKeynessaidthisaboutNewton:"WhydoIcallhimamagician?Becausehelookedonthewholeuniverseandallthatisinitasariddle,asasecretwhichcouldbereadbyapplyingpurethoughttocertainevidence,certainmysticclueswhichGodhadlaidabouttheworldtoallowasortofphilosopher'streasurehunttotheesotericbrotherhood....HebelievedthatthesecluesweretobefoundpartlyincertainpapersandtraditionshandeddownbythebrethreninanunbrokenchainbacktotheoriginalcrypticrevelationinBabylonia....Allwouldberevealedtohimifonlyhecouldperseveretotheend,uninterrupted,byhimself....Allhisunpublishedworksonesotericandtheologicalmattersaremarkedbycarefullearningandextremesobrietyofstatement.TheyarejustassaneasthePrincipia."

AlargesectionofthesepapersseekstodeducesecrettruthsoftheuniversefromapocalypticwritingsanotherexaminesthetruthofChurchtraditionsathirddealswithalchemy,thephilosopher'sstone,theelixiroflife,andthetransmutationofmetalsafourthconsistsofcopiesofancientmysticmanuscriptsortranslationsofthem.

There,intheUniversityLibraryatCambridge,abouthalfofthesesilentmemorialsofSirIsaacNewton'ssecretstudiesstillresttoday,whiletheotherhalfweresoldbyauctionanddispersedinprivatehandsin1936.

Newton'slibraryhadsuchtitlesinitasAgrippa'sDeOccultaPhilosophia,FameandConfessionoftheRosieCross,Geber'sThePhilosopher'sStone,severalofRaymondLully'sworks,andfourofParacelsus'.Hisownpersonalannotationsappearinmostofthevolumes.HestudiedJacobBoehmeverycloselyandcopiedlongpiecesfromhisworks.

EvensuchahardheadedscientistasProfessorE.N.daC.Andradewasforcedtoconfess,attheTercentenaryCelebrationsin1946,"IfeelthatNewtonderivedhisknowledgebysomethingmorelikedirectcontactwiththeunknownsourcesthatsurroundus,withthe

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worldofmystery,thanhasbeenvouchsafedtoanyothermanofscience.AmixtureofmysticismandnaturalscienceisnotunexampledSwedenborghasimportantachievementsingeology,physiologyandengineeringtohiscredit."

ArchbishopTenisonsaidtoNewton:"Youknowmoredivinitythanallofusputtogether."

103ThemomentitcomestoconsiderthelifeforceinNatureandthemindinentities,sciencecangetatthefinaltruthaboutthemonlybyhandingoverthetasktometaphysicsandmysticismonlybycallinginconceptsthatarenolongerscientificintheorthodoxsense.

104Sciencehaspassedthroughitsshortlivedmaterialisticphaseandisplungedinthemidstofarevisionofallitsnineteenthcenturycategories.

105Itisnousedenouncingscienceforthehorrorsofwar,themiseriesofindustrialism,andtheunbeliefofmaterialism.Thewaytoconquertheevilsarisingfromtheunethicalabuseofscienceistogorightinsideitscampandwinitovertophilosophy.

106Thereisthisvitaldifference,thatwhereasthescientistcanonlyobservetheobjectintowhichheisinvestigating,themysticcanparticipateintheoneuponwhichheismeditating.Inthefirstcase,thereisaknowinginseparationfromitinthesecond,aknowinginunionwithit.

107Nuclearresearchhasshownthattheatomconsistsofenergyalone.Itisbutanaggregationofenergies.Ithasshownthatthereisnothing,no"thing"attheworld'sroot.ButonlyfreemindsanddiscerningeyesamongscientistsseeclearlythatthisestablishestheexistenceofSpirit,whichisnoformedthing,andoverthrowsthedoctrineofmaterialism.

108Wearemovingtowardthedaywhenscience,insteadofnegatingreligiousfaith,willactuallynourishit.

109Man'sbodyisformedofchemicalcompoundsyetmanhimselfwithhisflightsofsacredaspirationandintellectualspeculation,hisadventuresinartisticcreationandappreciationhaslittleresemblancetoachemicalcompound.

110Wemaydevelopthescientificintellectuntilitsvisibleachievementsandresultsastoundusevenmore,buttheywillalwaysberelativetotimeandplace,alwayssubjecttohumanlimitations.Butthereisanotherlinewecouldtakefordevelopment,onethatworkswiththemetaphysicalintellect.Thisneednotsetupanoppositiontoscience,foritisnotconcernedwithempiricalwork.Itisafacultyofabstractthinking,seekingthelargegeneralizedarchetypalideas.Whenitsucceedsinfindingthem,theirverificationistobegotbylettingtheintellectlapseandlettingthepureknowingelementrevealitself.Inthiswayconsciousnessmovestoahigherlevel.

111Thepropermethodofovercomingtheevilsofamaterialisticintellectualismisnottoescapebackintoapreintellectualattitudebuttoletitgrowsidebysideandinproper

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balancewiththespiritualattitude,nottorefusetolookattheproblemsitraisesbuttotrytosolvethemthroughsuchanintegralendeavour.

112Metaphysics,startingfromoneendofthepath,musteventuallymeetsciencewhenithasadvancedsufficientlyfartotestallitshypothesesbyphysicalexperience.Science,startingfromtheotherendofthesamepathwithphysicalresearch,musteventuallymeetandhanditsproblemsovertometaphysicswhenitseekstoarriveatalargegeneralviewofallitsaccumulateddata.ThemetaphysicalIdea,mustverifyitselfbythescientificThing.ThescientificThingmustunderstanditselftobethemetaphysicalIdea.

113IfGodisnottheinnerrealityofthisuniverse,thenMatterisbothitsinnerandouterreality.Therewillthenbenoroominthethinkingmindforanybeliefotherthanmaterialism,nopleaforreligion,noadmittancetoaspiritualmetaphysics.

114Solongastheychoosetolookatthephenomenaoftheuniverseonlywithintheperspectiveoftheirownlimitedassumptionsandrefusetolookatanyevidenceoutsidethem,solongwillthosescientistswhostillrejecteverythingnonmaterialremainthevictimsoftheirownprejudicedandbiasedjudgement.Buttheothersandtheyareincreasingwhogenuinelypractisethescientificmethodofinvestigationandthereforecomewithanopen,patient,andexperimentalmind,aremovingforwardtotheformulationandverificationofreliabletruths,laws,andprinciples.

115Philosophydoesnotattempttoexplainwhatitisthebusinessofsciencetoexplain.Henceitdoesnotopposetheaimsofsciencenordoesitfearthefurtherprogressofscience.Onthecontrary,itsregardforfactmakesitsteachingsconsistentwiththoseofscience.Itsimplyleavestosciencethefillinginofthedetailsoftheworld'spicture,itselfsupplyingtheoutline.

116ItisimpossibleforthescientisttoconcludehisthinkingabouttheobservationswhichhehasmadeofNatureandthefactswhichhehasamassedinthelaboratorywithoutventuringintometaphysics.Ifheisafraidtomakesuchaventurethenhemustleavehisthinkinginconclusivelysuspendedinmidair.

117Wethusseethatphilosophyistheintegraldevelopmentofscience,acontinuityofthesameausterepointofview.Butwhereassciencedealswithparticulargroupsofconcreteperceptions,philosophydealswithabstractgenericconcepts.

118Sciencewhichfirstmadematerialismseemthemostplausibleexplanationoflife,throughthecarefulobservationoffactsandclosereasoninguponthosefacts,hassincerefuteditself.Itisenablingphilosophytoputthehiddenteachinguponfirmandrationalfoundations.

119ThescientistsassuchcannotsetfootinaregionlikethatofpureMind.Theymustriseabovetheirscientificlimitationsandconvertthemselvesintomysticalphilosophersfirst.

120Thescientistshavereachedaregionofinvestigationwhereeachturnofthepageoftheworldproblemrevealsanotherpagewhichisevenhardertoread.Thenewerproblems

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aremetaphysicalones.Therefore,whenscienceceasestobesuchandbecomesmetaphysics,itfulfilsitshighestpurpose.

121Tomovefromphysicstometaphysicsistomovefartherfromtouchablethingstomoreabstractconceptions,frompicturedimagestocomprehendedideas,fromconcreteformstomindheldabstractions.Thefirstleadstomaterialism,iftheresearchstopsthereandgoesnofurther.If,however,hepursuestheenterpriseandlooksfororigins,sources,andprimarycauses,hemustendupasamentalist.

122Science,usingthemethodofanalysistofindthetruthaboutthings,mustafterwardsaddthemethodofsynthesisoritwillgetonlyahalftruth.Thisneednotmeansurrenderingthemindtospeculation,imagination,theorizing,fantasy,orsocalledmetaphysics,butratherusingitscreativefacultyanditspowerofunderstandinginshort,usingintelligencewhichisderivedfromintuitivefeelingandcorrectthinking.

123Solongassciencedoesnotpausetoreflectadequatelyuponitsownself,itsowncharacteranditsownfoundations,solongisitnecessarilymaterialistic.Butafterithastakenthetroubletodoso,whichmeansafterithasfulfilleditshigherpurposebyturningmetaphysical,itcannothelprenouncingitsmaterialism.

124Thescientistremainsloyaltohisselfsetgoal.Hewillsoonerorlaterbecompelledbythelogicofhisdiscoveriesasmuchasbythelogicofhisreflectionstoturnhimselfintoaphilosopherandcontinuehisquestinthestillhighersphereofphilosophy.

125Inthelastonehundredyearseventhesciences,particularlythefieldsofnuclearphysicsandbiology,havemovedsofaraheadthattheyhaveopenedthewayforprinciplesandteachings,theknowledgeandpracticesoftruephilosophy.

126Lifewillbebetterguidedwhenscientificknowledgeletsitselfbejoinedtospiritualconsciousness.

127Thespeculativemetaphysicianstartsbypostulatingtheexistenceofsomeselfsustainingeternalprinciple,whereasthescientificmetaphysicianendswithsuchaprinciple.

128Thosewhoquestionthesoundnessoftheseideasarenearlyalwaysthosewhoarestillmesmerizedbymaterialisticsuperstitions.Itisimpossibleforthemtocopewithlife'shigherrequirementsbecausetheypersistinthinkingsensately.

129Becausethespiritofmanisneitherscientificallymeasurablenorimmediatelyexperienceable,theeducatedmodernmindtoooftenrejecteditsrealityanddenieditsutility.

130Heshouldfeelnotlessreverentandnotlessworshipfuleventhoughheisexpungingsuperstitionandworkingwithscience.Doesthissurpriseanyone?Canhestillbecomeaphilosopherwithoutanyintellectualembarrassments,selfbetrayals?Yeshecanandassuredlyamoreeffectiveone.

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131ThesamesciencewhichformerlyseparatedhiminbeliefandunderstandingfromthedivineMind,later,byitsconfirmationoftheuniversallawsandpowers,drawshimnearertoit.

132Inviewofthespiritofthetimes,theattitudeandfindingsofmodernsciencemustberespectedandharmonizedwiththemystic's.BothBlavatskyandSteinersawthisandtriedtoaccommodatescienceintheirpresentations.However,sincetheirdaytherehasbeenarevolutioninscientifictheorywhichhasmadethisworkeasier,mucheasier.

133Sciencehascarrieditselftothebroadestpossibledimensions.Nowitmustcarryitselftothedeepest.

134Thefearofyieldingtopersonalfeelinginhisthoughtabouttheworldbecamesoexaggeratedinthescientistthatitshutoutthepleadingandrejectedtheservicesofimpersonalfeeling,whichmanifestsitselfthroughintuition.Thisiswhyhecametothedenialofmysticaldoctrineandscornofmysticalexperience.Butsuchundueonesidednesscouldnotlastindefinitely.Itsendiswithinsight.

135Thehopeofeducatedmenwhounderstandandappreciatetheservicesofsciencebutwhodeploreitsdangersandrecognizeitslimitations,liesintheinvestigationanddevelopmentofconsciousness.

136Whenmenawakentoamoreemotionalrealizationofwhatsciencehasdonetothemasopposedtowhatithasdoneforthemtherewillbeanurgentdemandforareinterpretationofscienceitself.Theoldinterpretationwillbediscardedasdangerous.

137WhenthescientistrecovershislostqualityofreverencenotnecessarilyexpressedthroughsomeestablishedreligionforsomemysteriousGreatnesspresentinthecosmosheinvestigates,somethingwhichescapesanalysisordescriptionbutarousesfeelingandwonder,hisworkwillnotsufferbutbecomefullerandhisunderstandingbecomemoresatisfying.

138ItisameaningfulhistoricfactthatFrancisBaconwrotethefirstnotablebookintheEnglishlanguageofaphilosophicalbywhichIdonotmeantheologicalkindandthefirstnotablebookofascientifickindinthesamelanguage.HewasaCreator,aPioneer,aPathfinder.

139Faithinscienceisnolongerthealternativetofaithinreligionexceptforonesided,narrowedmindsineithercamp.Ratheraretherenowcomplementaryfaiths.

140Thescientistwhoseekstolearntheorigin,history,nature,andlawsofthephysicaluniverseandthepsychologistwhoprobesintotheworkingofthehumanmindbothmustatsomepointoftheirinvestigationconsiderthequestions"WhoAmI?"sidebysidewith"WhatIstheWorld?"NexttheycannotaffordtoignorethemysteryoftheDeity.Finallyitwillbefoundatsomepointontheirwaythattheyneedtoimposeaselfdisciplineandanethicalcodeuponthemselves.

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141Havingemptiedhumanlifeofitsspiritualmeaning,turningitintoa"fortuitousconjunctionofatoms,"scienceisnownearingthepointwhereitwillhavenoothercoursethantorestorethemeaning,butinarationalintelligentway.

142WhoeveradorestheHighestBeauty,whetherthroughNature'ssceneryorart'sfabrication,throughprayerormeditation,songorpoem,feelinglyandsincerely,isnotwastinghistime,whatevermaterialistsmaysay.Eventheintellectualmathematicianorastronomercontemplatingoninfinityorspace,canusethisapproachasworship.

143Scienceseeksanexplanationoftheuniversebasedonthefacts.Itsattitudeiscorrect,ofcourse,butfromanotherstandpoint,incomplete.Foritsapproachstartsfromoutsideandtriestostaythere.Metaphysicsstartsfrominsideandsupplieswhatislacking.Butunlessitpenetratestothedeepestfactatthestart,itgetsmixedwithspeculation,theology,orguesswork.Whatisthisfact?Consciousness!Onedaythetwoscienceandmetaphysicsmustmeet.

144ItisoneofthegreateryetsadderironiesofthemodernworldthatBacon,whoisconsideredoneofthefoundersofitsscience,isusedonlytopointthewaytomaterialism.Hehimselfsaysinoneofhis"Essays"that"alittlephilosophybringethmen'smindstoatheism,butdepthinphilosophybringethmen'smindsabouttoreligion."

145Thereisnoneedtobedismayedatthenegativeattitudeofscientiststowardsthisphilosophy.Hehasonlytocomparetheirpresentdayoutlookwiththatofthreequartersofacenturyagotorealizethatgreatprogresshasbeenmade.

146TherecentfindingsofphysicalscientistsarestrikinglyrevolutionarywhencomparedwiththeconclusionsofthosewhoworkedinDarwin'sday.ButwhatismostastonishingisthattheysupportthediscoveriesmadebyAsiaticthinkerswholivedlongbeforemodernscienceappeared.

147Everythoughtfulscientistnowknowsthatjustasmatterhasturnedouttobeamanifestationofforce,soforcewilleventuallyturnouttobeamanifestationofsomethinghigherheperceivesthatmatterisreallyanappearancebehindwhichstandstherealityforcesoanultimaterealitymustbereckonedasstandingbehindforce.Inotherwords,thereisbutONERealityandvariousformsunderwhichitappears.

148Atomicscienceneededmathematicalformulaeandequationstocarryonitswork.Theyare,afterall,symbolsandabstractions,thatis,pureconcepts.Sotoophysicalsciencenowneedsmetaphysicalconceptstocarryitsworkfurther.Therefusaltodosoontheobjectionthatmetaphysicsisnotphysicsleavesthescientistpowerlesstoanswerhisownultimatequestions.

149Thelastgreatdiscoveryawaitingscienceisthescientisthimself.BythisIdonotmeantheacquisitionofmoreandmoreinformationabouthim,northeexplorationofthevariouskindsofthoughtsandemotionsbelongingtohim.Irefertoasustainedstubbornconcentrationpenetratinghisconsciousnessindepth.

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150Itispathetictohearmenreasoninsoshallowawaythattheyfindnothingmorethanmerechanceinthecomingtogetherofnuclearforcestomakeaworld.Itissaddeningtoobservethemslipintosogreatamistakewithsolittleresistanceandsolargeaninsensitivity,foritshowsthatinthismattertheythinkandfeelinaonesidedandillbalancedway.Butjustasmaterialismcameasanoppositiontosuperstitionmasqueradingasreligion,asacorrectivegonetoofar,sotherearelittlesignsofbeginningsofnewdawns.

151Thematerialistwhoseesonlytheanimalsideofmanisusuallybrutalorsensual,whereasthematerialistwhoseesalsotheintellectualsideisimmeasurablymoreevolved.Butbothmisstheintuitiveside.

152Asciencedevoidofthelifegivingpowerofintuitivefeelingleadstoitsownselfdestructionintheend.

153Sciencemustpassfromconcreteobservationtoabstractthoughtifitwouldpassfrommerefacttotheultimatemeaningofitsfact.

154Whensciencebeginstostammeritistimeforittoturnforhelptophilosophy.

155ThesciencesuffusedWesternmindcanfollowthisthreadofthoughtintothesubjectivespherewithoutunduedifficulty.

156JeansseesintheuniversalorderlinessanevidenceofGod'sdesign.Eddingtonseesinitanevidenceofwhatthehumanmindcancontributetoitsownexperience.

157SomeoftheJapanesenuclearphysicistshavepickeduptheclueaffordedbytheirlaboratoryworkandfoundinBuddhism'shighestmetaphysicsasatisfactoryworldview.

158Thefactsofphilosophicmysticismcannotbeprovedbeyonddoubtsoeasilyasthoseofphysics.Theycannotbeclassifiedandorganizedandutilizedinthesameway.Yetthisisnottosaythatthescientificmethodisinapplicablehere.

159Thenineteenthcenturyscience,whichdepressedthinkerswiththeviewthatmatterwastheonlyrealityandmantheproductofblindchemicalandmechanicalforces,begantogooutforciblywiththenineteenthcenturyideasofwarfarewhentheatomicbombexplodedoverHiroshima.

160Thosewhoseekescapefromourpresenttroublesbyturningbacktoarevivalofmedievalismhavesomewhatmuddledtheirthinking.Scienceadmittedlytookthewrongturningwhenitentirelyseparateditselffromthetruthsofreligion,mysticism,andmetaphysics,butittooktherightturningwhenitseparateditselffromtheirfantasies.SowhatwehavetodotodayistogobacktothepreRenaissanceandpreReformationtimesandrelearnabstractthinking,mysticalpractices,andreligiousnotions,butatthesametimerecasttheminmodernformandrefusethesuperstitionswhichwerethenentangled

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inthem.Butthiswillbeequivalenttoaspiritualrecreationitcanhardlybecalledamerereturn.Thereismoreoveroneprimeobjectiontofollowingthewayofthemedievalswhicheffectuallybarsitforourliberatedera.Theirmindswerefetteredtothewallsofvestedinterestsanddarednotgooutsidethem.Nogenuineprogressispossibleundersuchconditions.

TheNotebooksarecopyright19841989,ThePaulBruntonPhilosophicFoundation.