6- manufacturing & operations 2013(1)
TRANSCRIPT
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anufacturing
& Operations
Entrepreneurship [email protected]
2011 Stevens Institute of Technolog. "ll #ights #eserved
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Manufacturing & Operations
Learning Objectives: The students will
1. Learn basic business operations
terminology
2. Analyze and Manage Operations
3. Estimate Cost of Goods old
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Module Outline
1. $perations $%jective & 'hat are ou selling(
2. Suppl )hain & *o+ do ou get our products,services(
-. ill of /aterials 'hat goes into our product,service(
. /anufacturing ead Ti3e & "re there an delas(
4. )ost of 5oods Sold & *o+ 3uch is spent on operations(
6. 5ross /argin & *o+ 3uch is left after op. e7penditures(
8. )ost of 9ualit & *o+ 3uch is spent to i3prove :ualit(
;. $perations
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1. Objective for Operations
!oes your business sell products" ser#ices orbot$%
Example: A lady (Customer) buys a dress from your store(Business)
tore sells a product & '!ress(
tore sells a ser#ice ) if itperforms 'alterations( for a
better *t.
Or bot$.
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Do all businesses selling
products manufacture them?
4
No! Not Necessarily!
Products can be obtained from a SPPL"#$%N& of vendors'
One or more su((liers can manufacture the
(roducts'
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2. The Suppl !hain
6
Store
Designer
Apparel Manufacturer
Weaver
Yarn
Supplier
Cloth
Thread
& Trim
Order
Fabric
!attern
Order
Dresses
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Suppl !hains
8
"pparel/anufactur
er
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". #ill of aterials $#O %
;
,tem -uantity
Cost upplier
E3%roider
ed )loth
13 7 1.4 3 A84 'eaver
lacB ace)loth
13 7 1.0 3 A24 3 ace'eaver
SilB ining 1 3 7 0.843
A24 Cs SilB
Dipper 1 7 60 c3 A2 >KK *e3
Threads1 3- 3
A4 Thread/aBer
Su% Total A1-2
/aBe a co3prehensive list of everthing that +ill %needed %efore the product can %e %uilt.
" tpical $/ listsite3sF :uantitiesF
costs and suppliers
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roduct #OM '(ample
G
-8 Parts for this projector asse3%l. "ll parts are sho+n.
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). *ead Time
ime ta/en for an order to be *lled by asupply c$ain.
10
"pparel
/anufacturer
Store
$rders 100
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*ead Time '(ample
11
>arnSupplier
/aterials?)otton
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+evie, -1
4usiness operations may re5uire bot$ products
and ser#ices to be made a#ailable to t$e
customers
Operations re5uire 6or/ing 6it$ a supply c$ain
A map of t$e components of t$e products or
brea/do6n of ser#ices is re5uired for e7ecti#e
management of costs
upply c$ains come 6it$ lead times & time
bet6een ordering and obtaining t$e products.
12
Le7t Seg3ent
?Topics 48
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.!O/S 0 !ost of /oods Sold
Cost of Goods old 8COG9 refers to t$e costsof t$ose goods ))) products and;or ser#ices )))a business $as sold during a particular period8e.g. 5uarter9
)$5S includes )osts forM
"ll 3aterials purchasedF
"ll 3anufacturing ?conversion fro3 ra+
3aterialsF
"n other direct indirect costs incurred
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#ill of aterials $#O %
Mac Observer; Ixit!com; "ttp:##$$$!isuppli!com# 1
i+$one < 4OM
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"ttp:##$$$!isuppli!co
COG= >1?? @Manuf. Costs
ypical AssemblyCosts >COG = >2B
,ncludes automatedinsertion of t$ecomponents andsoldering on boardsand manual
assembly of t$eproduct.
Estimate based onprior #ersions orsimilar products.
'stimation of !O/S
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. /ross Margin $%
Gross Margin refers to t$e re#enueremaining for ot$er eDpenses and pro*t afterpaying for t$e Cost of Goods old 8COG9
1
16
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/ross Margin '(ample31
18
#evenue per dress J A14G4
Price paid to dress supplier J A440
Gross Margin = 81
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'(ample 24 /ross Margin
Cost of Components = >1BEstimated Cost for Manufacturing @ Ot$er = >0.B
otal Estimated Cost of t$e +roduct = >1?F?'ithout I$S soft+are related costs
Apple sells at M 1B?? = H! >0
Gross Margin 89= 8>0 ) >1?F9 ; 8>09 D 1
= 0B.B1;
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'(ample "4
!ost of Service
1G
tore c$arges t$e customer >F for reducingt$e lengt$ of t$e slee#es and $emming.
Cost AssumptionsTailor )hargesM A24 , hour for O *our J A12.40
Tools M Se+ing 3achineF scissors (%ailor &rovides) ' /aterialsM Thread ?Tailor Provides *e3 )loth J A4Transportation to fro3 the tailorM A8.40
Cost of Goods 8 Cost of er#ice9= >12.
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'(ample )4 #OM 5or 6eadSet
+ac/age J Manuals C$arger and Keadset O#er Ear Clip J Main 4od
4ac/ Co#er and Logo Clams$ell Case 4attery" Circuit 4oardpea/er" Microp$one20
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/ross Margin
Cost of Goods old = 8>.1
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/ross argin for 6eadsets?
ales +riceI >2
ales +rice I >1
Lo6 Margine.g COG = 13 8betterbass9
>1
atter >B 8LongerLife9
>2
acBgroundLoise Processor
)hip
>< > 8ot used9
Production:ualit control
>F >1
)ost Su%Total >1? >F
)ost 1