6-1 copyright © 2005 prentice-hall chapter 6 managing stress and time management: a skills...

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Copyright © 2005 Prentice-Hall

Chapter 6Chapter 6Managing Stress and Managing Stress and TimeTime

Management: A Skills Approach, 2/eManagement: A Skills Approach, 2/eby Phillip L. Hunsakerby Phillip L. Hunsaker


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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• Awareness of Symptoms of Stress

• Identify Causes of Stress

• Reduce Causes of Stress

• Develop Resiliency to Stress

• Reduce Stress Symptoms

• Focus on High Priority Goals

• Help Subordinates Manage Stress

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Stress at WorkStress at Work

• Today’s work environment is increasingly characterized by heavier work loads, longer work hours, fewer resources, more ambiguities, and less job security.

• Almost half of the workers in the United States characterize their jobs as highly stressful.

• Over one-third think the stress Is bad enough to warrant quitting.

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What is Stress?What is Stress?

StressStress – the body’s psychological, emotional, and physiological response to any demand that is perceived as threatening to a person’s well-being

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Origins of the Stress Origins of the Stress Response?Response?

• Stressors• Threatening

Environmental Conditions

• Reactions• Fight or Flight

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Why is Managing StressWhy is Managing StressImportant?Important?

• Organizational Costs

• Individual Costs• Health Impairment• Job Burnout• Performance

Decline

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Individual Costs of Too Much Individual Costs of Too Much StressStress

• Health Impairment• Job Burnout• Performance

Decline

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Job BurnoutJob Burnout

• Feeling of exhaustion that develops when a person experiences too much pressure and too few sources of satisfaction

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Relationship BetweenRelationship BetweenStress and Job PerformanceStress and Job Performance

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What Skills Are Needed to What Skills Are Needed to Cope with Stress?Cope with Stress?

• Becoming Aware of Negative Stress Symptoms

• Determining the Sources

• Doing Something Constructive

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Model of the Stress Management ProcessModel of the Stress Management Process

Potential Stressors

Personal FactorsFamily problemsFinancial problemsHealth problems

Organizational FactorsHigh stress occupationJob roleOverloadUnder-utilizationRole ambiguityRole conflictResponsibility for others

Job EnvironmentPoor working conditionsOrganizational politicsPoor work relationships

Environmental FactorsEconomic UncertaintyTechnological ChangePolitics

Consequences

PsychologicalHeart DiseaseUlcersHeadaches

EmotionalAnxietyDepressionBurnout

BehavioralAggressionProductivityAvoidance

Successful CopingHigh self esteemGoal accomplishmentFeeling of well being

Stress Management

IndividualSeek helpTime managementChange jobsBuild resiliencyPersonalityCompanionship ExperienceHealth (Exercise, diet)RelaxationRecreation

OrganizationalJob DesignSelection & PlacementTraining & MentoringTeam BuildingEmployee AssistanceCommunicatingWellness Promotion

Experienced Stress(SYMPTOM AWARENESS)

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How Can Awareness of Stress How Can Awareness of Stress Symptoms Be Enhanced?Symptoms Be Enhanced?

• Physical Symptoms

• Psychological Substitutes

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Checklist of Stress SymptomsChecklist of Stress Symptoms Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always

Constant fatigue [] [] [] [] []

Low energy level [] [] [] [] []

Recurring headaches [] [] [] [] []

Gastrointestinal disorders [] [] [] [] []

Bad breath [] [] [] [] []

Sweaty hands or feet [] [] [] [] []

Dizziness [] [] [] [] []

High blood pressure [] [] [] [] []

Pounding heart [] [] [] [] []

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How Can StressorsHow Can StressorsBe Identified?Be Identified?

• Major Organizational Stressors• High-Stress Occupations• Job Role• Interpersonal Relationships

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Life Change Units ScaleLife Change Units Scale

Rank Life Event Mean Value Personal Points

1. Death of spouse 100 ___2. Divorce 73 ___3. Separation from mate 65 ___4. Detention in jail or other institution 63 ___5. Death of close family member 63 ___6. Major personal injury or illness 53 ___7. Marriage 50 ___8. Fired at work 47 ___9. Reconciliation with mate 45 ___10. Retirement from work 45 ___11. Major change in health of family 44 ___12. Pregnancy 40 ___13. Sex difficulties 39 ___14. Gain new family member 39 ___

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Major Personal StressorsMajor Personal Stressors

• Family Problems• Financial Problems• Health Problems• Personality

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• Economic Uncertainty

• Political Uncertainties• Technological

Change

Major Environmental StressorsMajor Environmental Stressors

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Constructive Individual Coping Constructive Individual Coping Strategies To Reduce Stress?Strategies To Reduce Stress?

• Seeking Help• Managing Time• Planning

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• Determine Your Values• Determine Your Goals and Objectives• Prioritize Your Objectives• Organize• List Activities• Prioritize Activities

Planning To Reduce Stress?Planning To Reduce Stress?

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Scheduling Activities To Reduce Scheduling Activities To Reduce Stress?Stress?

• Horizontal Scheduling• Vertical Scheduling• Directing and Controlling

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Methods for Dealing with Methods for Dealing with ProcrastinationProcrastination

ENVIRONMENTAL REASONS POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS

Unpleasant task Do it first thing.Find someone else to do it.

Overwhelming tasks Divide and conquer by breaking it into smaller pieces.Ride the momentum. Once you get going, keep at it.

Unclear goal Ask for clarification.Clarify your own goals.

Unclear task flow Ask for clarification.Plan how to do it yourself.

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Time Management To Reduce Time Management To Reduce Stress?Stress?

Constantly Ask: What is the most effective use of my time right now?

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• Capitalize on Your Productivity Cycle• Avoid Procrastinating• Minimize Disruptions• Meeting Management• Delegate

Individual Coping Strategies To Reduce Stress?To Reduce Stress?

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More Individual Coping Strategies To Reduce Stress? Reduce Stress?

• Changing Jobs• Develop

Resiliency• Internal Locus of

Control• Reframing• Small-wins

Develop Hardiness

High Self-Esteem

Extroversion

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More Individual Coping Strategies To Reduce Stress?To Reduce Stress?

Social SupportHealth Maintenance

• Short-term, Emotion-Focused Strategies

• Relaxation• Recreation

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Organizational Coping Strategies to Reduce Stress?o Reduce Stress?

• Job Redesign• Selection and

Placement• Training• Team Building• Work/Family

Programs

• Open Communication• Employee Assistance

Programs• Mentoring• Wellness Promotion

6-1 copyright © 2005 prentice-hall chapter 6 managing stress and time management: a skills...

Documents

stress response

managing stress

awareness of stress

major change

worktodays work environment

heavier work loads

health of family

death of close family