1

CoE Training on Traffic engineering and advanced

wireless network planning

Sami TABBANE

30 September – 03 October 2019

Bangkok, Thailand

5G Transition

Agenda

I. Vision and targets

II. Services and QoE expectations

III. Network main features

IV. 5G roadmap

V. 5G ecosystem and status in the world

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I. Vision and Targets

Agenda

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Context: the evolving demands on the network

Speed Capacity Latency Cost per bitAgility &

Flexibility Security

“Maybe along with the three legs that 5G stands on (massive Machine Type

Communication (mMTC), enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and Ultra

Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC)) we need to add a fourth leg of

ultra low cost broadband (ULCBB).”

Alan Gatherer, Editor in Chief, ComSoc Technology News

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5G Main Objectives

Optimize the bit/s/Hz/m2/Joule/$5

5G Requirements

D2D capabilities NSPS, ITS, resilience, …

Devices per area 300.000 per access node

Battery ~10 years

Reliability 99.999% within time budget

Coverage >20 dB of LTE (e.g. sensors)

Latency reduction ~ 1ms (e.g. tactile internet)

SpectrumHigher frequencies & flexibility

≈ 1 GHz of aggregated spectrum

Capacity 36TB/month/user (resp. 500 GB)

Energy ~10% of today’s consumption

Data rates 1-10Gbps (resp.100s of Mbps)

Ultra-dense

networks

Massive

Machines

Ultra Reliable

Comm.

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5G Network = 3 Networks (ITU business models)

Supports high capacity and highmobility (up to 500 km/h) radioaccess (with 4 ms user planelatency)

Urgent and reliable data

exchange (with 0.5 ms user

plane latency)

Infrequent,massive, andsmall packettransmissions

for mMTC (with10 s latency)

URLLC

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Ten Key requirements for 5G deployments

1. Capacity: Provides tens of Gb/s/km2 (2020)

2. Spectrum:

• Approximately 1 GHz of aggregated spectrum (2030)

• cmWave and mmWave deployments inter-site distance of 75-100 m can provide full coverage and satisfy the required capacity

• 5G small cells in up to 100 GHz band (mmWave) with 2 GHz carrier BW to provide a Tb/s/km2 (2030)

• mmWave to provide backhaul to the small cells in a mesh configuration with a maximum of 2 hops

3. Techniques:

• 5G small cells in 6-30 GHz band (cmWave) with a 500 MHz carrier BW to provide hundreds of Gb/s/km2 (2025)

• Very large antenna arrays used to compensate higher pathloss at higher frequency bands

• Multi connectivity between LTE-A, cmWve and mmWave for cell edge performance and lower small cell density

4.Timeline: 5G wide area solution needed for coverage and cell edge data rates for 2030

• Indoor small cell deployments needed for indoor capacity (2020)

Nokia 8

5G Use cases requiring low latency and/or high reliability

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5G and other standards evolution

E/// Mobility Report 11/2018

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II. Services and QoE expectations

Agenda

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5G Consumers’ Expectations

Ericsson ConsumerLab survey (50 countries):

• Speed: 30% of smartphone users expect speeds faster than

current 4G speeds

• WiFi: 5G to be better than WiFi for 82% of consumers

• Apps, services and devices: 40% of consumers say that a whole

new class of devices will be needed

• 5G for early adopters: 14% of global smartphone users.

Examples of usage in pre-5G commercial networks:

An art object was restored with a remote-controlled robotic arm

thanks to the high bit-rate and low-latency characteristics of 5G.

VR visit of a museum for students with virtual tours using

panoramic 360° shooting in real time.12

Examples of services

• Pedestrians with 5G smart-phones walk safelyinto the street without checking for cars: 5G-

enabled cars are routed automatically aroundthe person or come to a full stop.

• In sports, hundreds of Ultra-HD cameras joinedtogether in a digital rendering system are

positioned in multiple rings around the field, andplayers are tracked by vision systems. Fans are

able to activate a specific player’s tracker andthrough the screen of their smart glasses see

what the player sees on the field.

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5G vision

• 5G technology will be revolutionary, enabling a host of new applications including:

• Humanoid and remotely controlled robots,

• Connected cars,

• VR,

• Internet of Things.

• 5G latency ≤ 1millisecond versus 4G networks = 25milliseconds.

• Latency = amount of time it takes for a packet of data to get from one forwarding point to another.

• Low latency is particularly important for such applications as:

• Self-driving cars

• Robot-aided surgeries.14

1. Which capacity per cell could we expect in 2020?

2. What aggregated spectrum is targeted for 2030?

3. Give 2 important users expectations about 5G

4. What is the targeted 5G latency compared to 4G

one?

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Quiz 1

III. Network main features

Agenda

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1 ms latency: the main disruptive feature of 5G

• Tactile internet (IEEE) =dealing with processes orobjects in perceived realtime.

• Catch a falling objectremotely,

• Control a connected carat an intersection.

• Will be used in areas such as automation, education,

entertainment, gaming, farming, health care, industrial

transportation, …

• Enables humans to control robots remotely in real time.

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Holographic communications, a specific 5G service

Holographic communications (3D holographs) is an

applications that can only be carried over 5G: Potential

applications for medical imaging, videoconferencing,

gaming, …

Requires 4 times as much data as streamed 4-K video

(e.g., 7 Gb/s) and a latency of one-tenth the latency of 4G

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Main techniques to reduce the latency

Technique Impact

Extension of semi-persistent scheduling Faster UL access

Shorter transmission intervals Reduced transmission delay

Shorter processing times Reduced data delivery

Periodic UL grants (1 ms periodicity) Transmission without SR delay

Overbooking of UL resources with

different RS settingsReduced access waiting time

Shorter TTI (e.g., 2 OFDM symbols)Reduced data transmission and

processing delays

Grant-free UL transmission No waiting

Flexible frame structure for TDD Reduced transmission times

Frequent transmission opportunities Reduced waiting time

Flexible transmission duration Allows short transmission times

Reduced processing time at the UE/gNB Reduced transmission delay19

Fog and Edge computing

• Fog computing pushes

intelligence down to

the local area network

level of network

architecture, processing

data in a fog node or

IoT gateway.

The difference between fog and edge computing = where that intelligence and

computing power is placed

• Edge computing pushes the intelligence, processing power and communication

capabilities of an edge gateway or appliance directly into devices like programmable

automation controllers (PACs).

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5G Core Elements

EvolutionSDN 5G

Data and IT

systems

NFV

• SDN is about the

decoupling of

Layer2/3 from

physical HW

• NFV is about

decoupling SW

applications/

functions from

HW

SDN: allows to implement sliding on the basis of NFV.

NFV: replaces the traditional NE (MME, PCRF, P/S-GW, RAN)21

5G Networks Architecture

Cloud (network protocols, users data,

applications, services, …)

Transport (core IP, backbone FO)

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AC BAS

GPRS/UMTSWiFi/WiMax xDSL/LAN

PGW

LTE-A

GGSN

Virtualized, sliced, future 5G networks will collect, carry, store and process part of the data

IV. 5G Roadmap

Agenda

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5G Roadmap

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5G and 3GPP Releases evolution

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2 paths toward 5G: Evolution and Revolution

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ITU-R WP5D

• Initial technology submission: Meeting 32 (June 2019)

• Detailed specification submission: Meeting 36 (October 2020)

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Recommendation: Vision of IMT beyond 2020 (M.2083)

Report: IMT feasibility above 6 GHz (M.2376)

Circular Letters & Addendum

Technical performance requirements

(M.2410)

Modifications of Resolutions 56/57

Evaluation criteria & method (M.2412)

Wo

rksh

op

Proposals IMT-2020

Evaluation

Consensus building

Outcome & decision

IMT-2020 specifications

Requirements, evaluation criteria, &

submission templates (M.2411)

Report: Technology trends

(M.2320)

Background & process

WRC-15 WRC-19

5D

#32

5D

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5D

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5D

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5D

#31bis

ITU-R WP 5D timeline for IMT-2020

Detailed specifications for the terrestrial radio interfaces

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Techniques evolution from 2G to 5G

Domain 2G 5G Gains

Antennas Single or diversity (2)MIMO

Beamforming

• Increase cell capacity

• Interference mitigation

Cells Fixed area Elastic cells • Improved QoE

ModulationGMSK or 8-PSK (3

bits/symbol)

256-QAM (8

bits/symbol)• Improved cell capacity

CodingUnique code rate (1/2)

Convolutional and block

Turbo coding

AMC

• Improved cell capacity

• Improved QoS

Switching Circuit and packet Packet only• Cost reduction

• Increased flexibility

Latency Tens of ms 0.5 to 1 ms• New services

• Improved QoE

Multiple access TDMA, CDMA OFDMA, NOMA • Improved capacity

Architecture

Static, SW and HW in

the same location

Strong dependence to

the vendors

Softwarisation

• Flexibility, efficiency,

costs, energy savings,

increased independence

from vendors28

1. What is the fog computing principle?

2. What is the edge computing principle?

3. Describe the 3 main components (or layers) of a 5G

network

4. What are the main improvements brought by Release 16?

5. What SDN consists in?

6. What NFV consists in?

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Quiz 2

V. 5G ecosystems and status in the world

Agenda

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5G use cases: IoT

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Smart City

Industry Automation Connected Car

Smart grid

Smart parking

IoT ecosystem in 5G

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Smart city

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5G advantages for smart cities:

Higher speeds

More connections

Shorter transmission times

Ultra low power connections

Smart energy grid

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Smart Car Convoys

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V2V communications to improve reaction times and allow car convoy.

Smart Parking + Metering

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Reduce the time to find a parking spot

Ease the traffic towards commercial areas

Increase economic activities

Gun Shot Detection

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Real time monitoring of gun shots to locate the gun through sensors

using triangulation techniques

Industry Automation

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Industry Automation

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5G terminals (September 2019)

Samsung Galaxy S10

ZTE Axon 10 Pro 5G

Xiomi mimix 3

Oppo Reno 5G

Samsung Galaxy Fold

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600 MHz

800 MHz1.9 GHz

2.5 GHz

3.5 GHz

26 GHz3.7 GHz

28 GHz

66 GHz

40 GHz

50 GHz

39 GHz

1.15 GHz2018

$ 20.702 BillionsFrequency bands

Allocated bandwidth

License price

When

5G licensing: USA

5G licensing: China

3.7 GHz

3.5 GHz

26 GHz3.7 GHz

4.5 GHz

28 GHz

06 June 2019

$ 134-223 BillionsFrequency bands

Allocated bandwidth

License price

When

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3.35 GHz

5G licensing: Switzerland

700 MHz

3.5 GHz

26 GHz3.7 GHz

28 GHz07 February 2019

380 Millions Swiss Francs (15 years)Frequency bands

Allocated bandwidth

License price

When

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3.65 GHz

5G licensing: Japan

3.7 GHz28 GHz 10 April 2019

$ 14.4 BillionsFrequency bands

Allocated bandwidth

License price

When

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700 MHz

5G licensing: Germany

3.6 GHz2 GHz

2019

$ 7.31 BillionsFrequency bands

Allocated bandwidth

License price

When

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420 MHz

5G licensing: United Kingdom

2.3 GHz3.4 GHz

05 April 2018

Euros 1355.744 Millions

Frequency bands

Allocated bandwidth

License price

When

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190 MHz

5G licensing: South Korea

2.5 GHz28 GHz February 2018

$ 3.3 Billions

Frequency bands

Allocated bandwidth

License price

When

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1.08 GHz

5G networks (S1 2019)

• USA: 5G FWB from Verizon, C-Spire and Starry, mobile 5G with Verizon and AT&T

• Qatar: Ooredoo,

Vodafone

• Norway: Telia

(December 2018)

• Switzerland:

Swisscom (April

2019) and Sunrise • Finland: Elisa Oyj (June 2018),

Telia (December 2018)

• Estonia: TalTech (December

2018)

• South Korea: SK Telecom, LG

Uplus and KT (December 2018)48

5G subscriptions forecast

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5G networks (end 2019 forecasts)

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5G speeds in 2019

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US 5G Rollout

• Verizon: Fixed and mobile 5G is live in a few areas

• AT&T: Mobile 5G for select customers in 21 cities; wider

coverage throughout 2019

• T-Mobile: Commercial 5G service available in parts of six

cities; nationwide coverage expected in 2020

• Sprint: Mobile 5G in Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth,

Houston, Kansas City, Phoenix, Los Angeles, New York

City, and Washington, D.C.

• U.S. Cellular: 5G services coming in second half of 2019

• C Spire: Fixed 5G services in Mississippi

• Charter: Testing 5G, but no solid rollout plans

• Comcast: Will roll out 5G via an MVNO agreement with

Verizon

• Starry: Fixed 5G currently in Boston, Denver, LA, New

York City, and Washington DC52

T Mobile USA – Example of NYC (Q2 2019)

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5G in South Korea

South Korean 5G networks are available since late 2018,

but like most 5G networks around the world, only select

customers have access.

The mobile network operators in the country began offering

5G services to customers in April 2019. Coverage started

off limited but will expand throughout the year and into 2020

and beyond.

The South Korean government's Ministry of Science and

ICT predicts that by 2020, 30 percent of the country's

mobile users will have access to a 5G network, with 90

percent coverage by 2026.54

5G roadmap (KT)

5G service implementation in Winter Olympics 2018, Hans Kim55

China 5G Rollout Plans

China Unicom has 5G set up in very few locations since

most if not all of their 5G locations are merely test projects,

with the exception of a few like the 5G base stations in

Tiananmen Square that were launched in early 2019.

Shenzhen is another 5G-enabled site that went live in

April 2019 in the Qianhai-Shekou Free Trade Zone. At

launch, there were over 100 5G base stations, but 45,000

are expected to be built by the end of 2020 to cover the

entire city.

Some of the cities mentioned by China Unicom include

Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Wuhan,

Guiyang, Chengdu, Fuzhou, Zhengzhou, and Shenyang.

The plan is that each of these locations will build 100 5G

base stations.56

5G commercial and trial networks in the world (Q2 2019)

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Speedtest measurements in 5G networks

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Some tests in 2019

• 855.9 Mbps user

throughput

• 5.5 millisecond

user plane latency

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4G and 5G networks in the world

Africa 133 31 0

Asia & Pacific 152 67 5

Eastern Europe 92 55 2

Latin America & Caribbean 126 44 1

Middle East 44 29 7

US & Canada 19 9 4

Western Europe 87 68 13

Global Totals 654 306 34

TeleGeography (09/13/19)60

5G subscribers evolution

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5G challenges

• 5G is more complex and requires a denser coverage of BS to

provide the expected capacity

• EC: €500 billion to meet 2025 connectivity targets

• 5G technology will take much longer than earlier generations

to perfect (China sees 5G as at least a 10 year program to

become fully working and completely rolled out nationally)

• 5G will cost much more

to deploy than previous

mobile technologies (3

times as much)

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1. Give examples of ecosystems that 5G will make it

possible to build

2. Which countries are the most advanced in 5G

services introduction?

3. What amount of spectrum is usually allocated to

5G operators?

4. Which spectrum is the most used for present 5G

networks?

5. How long it could take to complete 5G services?63

Quiz 3

Thank you!

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