5g: state of play, antennas and engineersnicola blefari melazzi professor, university of rome tor...
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Nicola Blefari Melazzi
Professor, University of RomeTor Vergatahttps://blefari.eln.uniroma2.it/
Director of CNITwww.cnit.it
Roma, 3/12/2019
5G: State of Play, Antennas and Engineers
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What is CNIT? (www.cnit.it)
• National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications(37 Italian Universities+7 CNR research units)
• Mission: basic and applied research and advanced education in ICT
• 1300+ researchers; 100+ own employees
• Funding from private companies and competitive programs only:
• H2020: 48 projects, 11 of them coordinated by CNIT
• 2018 budget: 124 projects (39 EU+37 Ntl+48 Industry), 18M€
• Recent results: 5 EU projects on applications of ICT; 3 EU projects on 5G ranked #1 in their calls; 1 on cybersecurity (EU competence network); 1 on autonomous vehicles; Flagship Graphene, Flagship Quantum Information
• No “structural” funding, a problem for overhead and labs equipment
• (e.g., Germany 30%, Spain 50%, Switzerland 50% of total budget)
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Program
• The main conference
• The scientific sessions
• The PhD school
• The 5G Italy book
• The TIM demos
• CNIT talks and introduction to sessions
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5G: Evolution
Better performance(speed, density, …)
Currently being deployed
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5G: Revolution
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Novelties
• New scenarios, new use cases, new (non–human) users
• End-to-End, including the core, not only the cellular section
• The software network• Cloud, SDN, NFV
• … from a typewriter to a word processor
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1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband
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2) Ultra-reliable and low latency
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3) Massive IoT
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Network Softwarization
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Slicing
Source: ITUNews
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Slicing
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Antennas and Engineers
• Network deployment• Investments
• Thresholds, regulations, rules, bureaucracy and red tape (“antennas”)
• People (“engineers”)
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Working assumptions
• We are interested in mobile communications and thus we would like to have radio coverage
• “Improved speed and capacity … This requires carriers to add 3 to 10 times the number of existing sites to their networks”• Deloitte report 2018
• World population• 1950: 2 billions and a half• today: 7.7 billions (… and things too…)• We need more food, subways, … and more antennas
• Tokyo 2020: municipality providing 8.300 buildings, 4.500 plots of land, traffic lights poles, billboards for base stations deployment
• 5G not an archaeological find: it has been designed on purpose
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Antennas
• Now, higher EMF thresholds are useful from a radio coverage perspective• Easier to cover a given area (especially if new sites are not possible)• Quicker to cover a given area • Cheaper to cover a given area • Coexistence with previous generations• In general, more flexibility
• BUT, risky logical process:1. 5G is coming2. 5G implies higher EMF thresholds (ain’t necessarily true)3. “Higher thresholds endanger public health”4. 5G is bad
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Antennas
• Given current public opinion (see 5G bans in some towns):• Political decision: leave thresholds as they are
• Talk to the people and explain (see following slides)
• Ease and even support/plan and fund the sites’ deployment process(and share them sites)
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Network capacity and EMF levels (ideal.)
• 1 cell
• 1 telephone line, or 1 gigabyte/s• (example!)
* Will the Proliferation of 5G Base Stations Increase the Radio-Frequency Pollution?Luca Chiaraviglio, Giuseppe Bianchi, Nicola Blefari-Melazzi, Marco Fiore
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Network capacity and EMF levels (ideal.)
• 26 cells
• 26 telephone lines, or gigabytes/s• (example!)
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Network capacity and EMF levels (ideal.)
• 60 cells
• 60 telephone lines, or gigabytes/s• (example!)
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Network capacity and EMF levels (ideal.)
• 200 cells
• 200 telephone lines, or gigabytes/s• (example!)
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Network capacity and EMF levels (Model)
• Path loss: ITU model
• 3700 MHz• Minimum power
at the receiver: 90 dBm
• Scatter plot• Credits to Luca
Chiaraviglio
1
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Network capacity and EMF levels (Model)
16
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Network capacity and EMF levels (Model)
64
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Network capacity and EMF levels (Model)
256
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Network capacity and EMF levels (Model)
1024
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Network capacity and EMF levels (ideal.)
• Cellular net is bidirectional…
Base station Telephone
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Netwk capacity and EMF levels (ideal.)
• Cellular net is bidirectional…Base station Telephone
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Network capacity and EMF levels (ideal.)
• Cellular net is bidirectional…Base Station Telephone
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Network capacity and EMF levels (ideal.)
• Cellular net is bidirectional…
Base Station Telephone
http://www.cdqtorrinomezzocammino.it/misurazioni-di-campi-elettromagnetici-e-prestazioni-delle-reti-2g-3g-4g/
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Network capacity increase
• From 2G to 4G: 1000000 times=5*5*25*1600=1,000,000
• Smaller cells= factor of 1600
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
1000000
G. Marconi FM Modulation techniques More spectrum Smaller cells
1 5 25 625
1000000
Nu
mb
er o
f lin
es
Network capacity
Source: Cooper’s law, Misha Dohler
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Antennas
• More antennas• More network capacity
• Better distribution of EMF levels from base stations
• Lower EMF levels from cell phones• ... and longer battery life
Will the Proliferation of 5G Base Stations Increase the Radio-Frequency Pollution?Luca Chiaraviglio, Giuseppe Bianchi, Nicola Blefari-Melazzi, Marco Fiore
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Now, to engineers and technicians
• 5G: very complex technology and heterogeneous ecosystem• Processors• Radio• Fiber and Cables• Non-terrestrial links• Networks• Cloud• AI• Applications• Security• ….
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Education percentages
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Tertiary education percentages, STEM
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PhD holders
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Enrolment in Italy
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Emigration
* Dato aggiornato a 124.000
2002: emigrati con laurea=11,9%2013: emigrati con laurea=30%
Statistiche dei paesi di destinazione:
fattore 2,5 in più
Idos e ISTAT
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Emigration
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Emigration
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Emigration
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Public expenditure on education
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R&D spending
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Bachelor degrees in S&E
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Innovation levels
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Good news
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School!
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Thank you
Nicola Blefari Melazzi, Ph. D.Professor of Telecommunications
Director of CNIT
e-mail: [email protected]://blefari.eln.uniroma2.it
Phone: +39 06 7259 7501Fax: +39 06 7259 7435
UNIVERSITY OF ROME “TOR VERGATA”Department of Electronics Engineering
Via del Politecnico, 1 - 00133 Rome - Italy