5675.noise pollution

8/6/2019 5675.Noise Pollution

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CONTENTS:

Defination

Characteristics of sound

Sources

Noise levels

Effects of noise pollution

Control

Noise standards adopted in India


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WHAT IS NOISE?

Noise is unwanted,unpleasant or disagreeable soundthat causes discomfort.

Noise is the wrong sound, in the wrong place at thewrong time.

Noise is a sound without value.

Noise is subjective in nature which means aparticular sound may be musical to one but noise toanother.

Sound is measured in unit called Decibel (dB)


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NOISE POLLUTION

Any unwanted and unpleasantsound in the atmosphere causinghealth hazards like annoyance,stress etc.

It is the unwanted sound dumpedinto environment without regard tothe adverse effects it may have.


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SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION

NATURAL SOURCES:

Thunder

Cyclones

Storms in sea Volcanoes

Wind storms

Heavy waterfall

Earthquakes
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contd.

MANMADE SOURCES:

1) Occupational noise

2) Transport noise

3) Neighbourhood noise


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Transport noise

a). Road traffic noiseIncrease in number of vehicles has

increased road traffic density- which in

turn increase traffic noiseb).Aircraft noise

Noise produced when an aircraft takes

off or lands is very highDiffers from road traffic , in that it is not

continuous


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Transport noise

Rail traffic noise

Aircraft Noise

Road traffic Noise
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c). Rail traffic noise

Lower frequency than road traffic noise

Most railways track run through rural areas ,rail traffic noise does not pose greaterhealth hazards than road traffic noise


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OCCUPATIONAL NOISE

Heavy industrial machines are source of

occupational noise

Causes hearing loss and decrease inworking efficiency and increase inprobability of accidents


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Occupational noise

Machineries

Agricultural operations
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Neighbourhood noise

Various noise sources that disturb and

annoy the general public by interferingwith comfort and welfare

E.g. noise from loud speakers in publicfunctions

Loud volume of T.V


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Neighbourhood noise:

Radio Loudspeaker

Social gathering

Crackers

Music systems


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INDOOR NOISE POLLUTION:

Crying of babies

Playing of radios

Working of machines

Banging of doors

OUTDOOR NOISE POLLUTION: Railways

Aero planes

Automobile traffic Loudspeakers


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HOW TO MEASURE NOISE

Intensity of noise is measured in decibel units. The scaleof decibel unit is logarithmic and this scale starts from0dB,which is threshold of hearing.

The intensity of noise level varies greatly with thedistance from source.

Human ear can detect sound with in frequency rangefrom 20Hz-20KHz.


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NOISE LEVELS OF ROUTINE ACTIVITIES

Activities Noise leveldB(A)

Heart beat 12

Normal talking 40Normal traffic 40-45

Truck / bus 80

Heavy traffic 80-85

Shouting 100

Train 100

Horns 120


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EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

Auditory effects: Impairing of hearing Permanent deafness

Non auditory effects: Interference with speech communication AnnoyanceMental disorientationGiddiness

Hypertension Fatigue Violent behaviour


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Direct

1) Annoyance : Feeling of displeasure

Restlessness

Irritation Various types of visible, mental

and physical disturbances

Anger

Effects may be:


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2) Effect on general health:

Dilation of pupil of eye High blood pressure Damage to heart, kidneys, liver Increases rate of heart beat

Change in hormone content of blood Hurts to children Upsets the chemical balance of the

body Nervous breakdown


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Hypertension

Increase in sweating Reduction in work efficiency

Emotional & behaviour stress

Concentration loss

Temporary hearing loss

Permanent hearing

3) Psychological disorders:

4) Hearing loss:


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5) Speech interference

6) Sleep interference

7) Habitat loss

8) Effects on environment
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Value of propertydecreases in noise proneareas.

High health cost to thepeople living in noise

prone areas.

Indirect:
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PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF NOISEPOLLUTION

Noise pollution can be minimised by taking following

measures:

Reduction of noise at source

Reduction of population exposed

Duration of noise exposure


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MEASURES FOR CONTROL ON NOISEPOLLUTION:

Using ear protective aids

Proper designing of doors and windows

Improving in working methods

Tree planting Providing enclosures

Town planning

Use of silencers

Vibration damping Treatment of walls, floors and ceiling

Through laws


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INDUSTRIAL NOISE CONTROL:

Control of Noise at source

By using sound proofing materials around machines

By using protecting devices

By planting trees Through laws


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COMMUNITY NOISE CONTROL:

Airport noise can be reduced by:

Reducing noise at its source.

Zoning the area around the airport.

Road traffic noise can be reduced by:

Restricting Unnecessary blowing of horns.

Old vehicles producing lot of noise should be denied

licences.

Noise control through laws.


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CONTROL OF OTHER TYPES OF NOISE

Use of loudspeakers should be banned.

Use of crackers should be banned.

By growing more trees in urban areas and along theroads.

Keeping volumes of radios, TVs etc. low.

Noise pollution can be controlled by promoting educationand research.


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NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL IN INDIA

CPCB have conducted noise pollution surveys in Delhi,Madras, Kolkata, Kanpur, Bombay, Hyderabad,

jaipur,banglore in 1989 and found that noise levels in

these cities is much above the prescribed standards.

Recently Govt. of India have prescribed noise limits for

vehicles, domestic appliances and construction

equipments.


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AMBIENT NOISE STANDARDS ADOPTED ININDIA(MOEF,1989,1999,2000)

Sr.No. Area Day time

dB(A)

Night time

dB(A)

1 Industrial area 75 70

2 Commercial area 65 55

3 Residential area 55 45

4 Silence zone 50 40


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VEHICULAR NOISE EMISSION STANDARDSADOPTED IN INDIA(MOEF,1990,2000)

*Brackets indicate levels for diesel vehicles

Motor vehicle Noise limits indB(A) 1999

Noise limits indB(A) 2002

Moped/scooter 77 73

Motorcycle 80 75-80

3-wheeler 80 77

Passenger car 70 74(75)*

Truck / bus 82-86 77(78)*

5675.noise pollution

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