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Chapter 5Chemical Reactions and Quantities5.5

The Mole

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Collection Terms

! collection term statesa speci"ic nu ber o" ite s.

# 1 do$en donuts% 12 donuts

# 1 rea o" paper% 500 sheets

#1 case % 2& cans

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! mole is a collection that contains

# the sa e nu ber o" particles as there are carbonato s in 12.0 g o" carbon.

# (.02 ) 10 2' ato s o" an ele ent *!+ogadro s nu ber-.

1 mole element Number of Atoms1 ole C % (.02 ) 10 2' C ato s1 ole a % (.02 ) 10 2' a ato s1 ole !u % (.02 ) 10 2' !u ato s

A Mole of Atoms

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! ole# o" a co+alent co pound has !+ogadro s nu ber o"

olecules.1 mole CO 2 = .!2 " 1! 2# CO 2 molecules1 mole $ 2 O = .!2 " 1! 2# $ 2 O molecules

# o" an ionic co pound contains !+ogadro s nu ber o""or ula units.

1 mole NaCl = .!2 " 1! 2# NaCl formula units1 mole % 2 &O' = .!2 " 1! 2# %2 &O ' formula units

A Mole of a Compound

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&amples of One Mole Quantities

1 ole C % (.02 ) 10 2' C ato s

1 ole !l % (.02 ) 10 2' !l ato s

1 ole / % (.02 ) 10 2' / ato s

1 ole 2 % (.02 ) 10 2' 2 olecules

1 ole CCl & % (.02 ) 10 2' CCl & olecules

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!+ogadro s nu ber .!2 " 1! 2# can be ritten as ane3uality and t o con+ersion "actors.

()ualit*+1 mole = .!2 " 1! 2# particles

Con,ersion -actors+.!2 " 1! 2# particles and 1 mole

1 mole .!2 " 1!2#

particles

A,o adro/s Number

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0sin A,o adro/s Number

!+ogadro s nu ber is used to con+ertmoles of a substance to particles.

o any Cu ato s are in 0.50 ole Cu0.50 ole Cu ) (.02 ) 10 2' Cu ato s

1 ole Cu

% '.0 ) 10 2' Cu ato s

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0sin A,o adro/s Number

!+ogadro s nu ber is used to con+ertparticles of a substance to moles.

o any oles o" C 2 are in2.50 ) 10 2& olecules C 2

2.50 ) 10 2& olecules C 2 ) 1 ole C 2

(.02 ) 10 2' olecules C 2

% &.15 ole C 2

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1. 8he nu ber o" ato s in 2.0 ole !l is !. 2.0 !l ato s.

B. '.0 ) 10 2' !l ato s.

C. 1.2 ) 102&

!l ato s.

2. 8he nu ber o" oles o" / in 1.6 ) 10 2& ato s / is !. 1.0 ole / ato s.

B. '.0 ole / ato s. C. 1.1 ) 10 &6 ole / ato s.

earnin Chec

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&olution

!. 8he nu ber o" ato s in 2.0 ole !l is 2.0 ole !l ) (.02)10 2' !l ato s % 1.2 ) 10 2& !l ato s 1 ole !l

A,o adro/s

Number

B. 8he nu ber o" oles o" / in 1.6 ) 10 2& ato s / is1.6 ) 10 2& ato s / ) 1 ole /

(.02 ) 10 2' / ato sA,o adro/s

Number % '.0 oles o" / ato s

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&ubscripts and Moles

8he subscripts in a formula sho# the relationship o" ato s in the "or ula.# the oles o" each ele ent in 1 ole o" co pound.

9lucoseC 12

In 1 olecule: ( ato s C 12 ato s ( ato s 3n 1 mole+ mole C 12 mole $ mole O

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&ubscripts &tate Atoms and Moles

7 ole C 6 ole & ole

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-actors from &ubscripts

8he subscripts are used to rite con+ersion "actors "or oles o" each ele ent in 1 ole co pound. ;or aspirin

C 7 6 &, the "ollo ing "actors can be ritten:

7 ole C 6 ole & ole 1 mole C4$ O' 1 mole C4$ O' 1 mole C4$ O'and1 mole C4$ O' 1 mole C4$ O' 1 mole

C4$ O'7 ole C 6 ole & ole

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earnin Chec

!. o any ole are in 0.150 oleaspirin C 7 6 &

B. o any ato s are in 0.150 oleaspirin C 7 6 &

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&olution

!. o any ole are in 0.150 ole aspirin C 7 6 &0.150 ole C 7 6 & ) ' mole O % 0.(00 ole 1 mole C 4 $ 5 O ' subscript factor

B. o any ato s are in 0.150 ole aspirin C 7 6 &0.150 ole C 7 6 & ) ' mole O ) (.02 ) 10 2' ato s

1 mole C 4 $ 5 O ' 1 ole subscript A,o adro/s

factor Number % '.(1 ) 10 2' ato s