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DESCRIPTION
The Passive voiceTRANSCRIPT
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The Passive Voice
Masoud Ahrabi
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1 Active sentences and passive sentences 2 Form of the passive 3 Transitive and intransitive verbs 4 Using the by-phrase 5 Passive modal auxiliaries 6 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing
CONTENTS
The passive
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1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
The chair is being made by the carpenter.
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1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.
(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the carpenter.
same meaning
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by + O
1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(c) Carol sold the house.
(d) The house was sold by Carol.
S O ACTIVE:
PASSIVE: S
object of active subject of passive
subject of active object of by
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2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Cars are driven by people.
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2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(a) Cars are driven by people.
(b) The award was given by the boss.
(c) The book will be published by Pearson.
Passive structure in all tenses: a be form instead of the verb + PP of main verb
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2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Forms of “be”:
Present:
Past:
Continuous:
PP:
Simple:
am- is - are was- were being been be
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2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT People drive cars. Cars are driven by people.
SIMPLE PAST The new job thrilled Tim. Tim was thrilled by the new job.
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2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE The boys are eating the cookies. The cookies are being eaten by the boys.
PAST PROGRESSIVE Jamal was washing the dishes. The dishes were being washed by Jamal.
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2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT Al has printed the photo. The photo has been printed by Al.
FUTURE Talya will make the announcement. The announcement will be made by Talya.
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2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Name Construction Example (simple) future will be + pp You'll be told soon enough.
future perfect will have been + pp Everything will have been done by Tuesday
simple present am/are/is + pp English is spoken here.
present progressive am/are/is being + pp Excuse the mess; the house is being painted.
present perfect have/has been + pp I have been informed about it.
simple past was/were + pp I wasn't invited, but I went.
past progressive was/were being + pp I felt as if I was being watched.
past perfect had been + pp I knew why I had been chosen.
Future progressive passives (will be being + pp) and perfect progressive passives (has been being + pp) are unusual.
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LET’S PRACTICE
a. People were shot on the streets.
b. The police shot the demonstrators on the streets.
What’s the difference?
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The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.
LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
The squirrel gathered the nuts.
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The wall was painted by Matthew.
LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Matthew painted the wall.
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The election results will be determined by the voters.
LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
The voters will determine the election results.
Talk: p.233
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3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Erica sneezed.
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3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(a -c) TRANSITIVE (d-f) INTRANSITIVE
Janet earned the promotion. They saw the accident.
S V O
A problem occurred. They arrived late.
S V
TRANSITIVE
verb + object
INTRANSITIVE
verb + object
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3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(i) ACTIVE: Birds fly. (j) PASSIVE: (Not possible)
(g) ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion. (h) PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
(k) INCORRECT: Birds are fly.
TRANSITIVE VERBS
INTRANSITIVE VERBS
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LET’S PRACTICE
transitive intransitive
It rained yesterday.
?
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LET’S PRACTICE
transitive intransitive
Eva won a medal. PASSIVE: _______________________ A medal was won by Eva.
?
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LET’S PRACTICE
transitive intransitive
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web.
PASSIVE: _______________________ The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. _______________________
?
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10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
This painting was done by my mother.
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10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(a) This desk was made by Manuel.
by phrase important information
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10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(b) This desk was made in Taiwan. (c) Corn is eaten in many places. (d) That apartment was built in 2007. (e) Spanish is spoken in many countries.
usually NO by-phrase
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10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
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10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Many students use computers.
Computers are used by many students.
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10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Tina taught me how to knit.
I was taught to knit by Tina.
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10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will e-mail you.
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4 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will send it. It will be sent by Lin. Lin can send it. It can be sent by Lin. Lin must send it. It must be sent by Lin. Lin may send it. It may be sent by Lin.
ACTIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
FORM: modal + be + past participle
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LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
PASSIVE MODALS
Someone must mow the grass today.
This grass __________________. must be mowed today
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LET’S PRACTICE
You should not feed candy to babies.
Babies _____________________. should not be fed candy
ACTIVE MODALS
PASSIVE MODALS
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Hurricanes cannot be controlled.
LET’S PRACTICE
__________________________
People cannot control hurricanes. ACTIVE MODALS
PASSIVE MODALS
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6 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Emma makes pottery. I am interested in making pottery.
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6 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(a) I am interested in pottery. INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery.
(b) Pottery is interesting. INCORRECT: Pottery is interested.
past participle feelings present participle cause of feeling
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6 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Ben was thrilled with the promotion.
(c) Ben was thrilled. (d) The promotion was thrilling.
past participle passive meaning present participle cause of feeling
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6 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(e) I heard some disappointing news. (f) Jill read the shortened version of the book.
participial adjectives + nouns
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LET’S PRACTICE
surprised surprising
Kobra Sakineh
Sakineh’s news must be __________. Kobra looks very __________.
surprised
surprising
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Most people are truly ________ when they first see it.
LET’S PRACTICE
amazed amazing
The Great Wall is ________.
amazed
amazing
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Thanks for your attention