5.5 Classification“You failed your Latin exam?!! But Sweaty, all you friends names have Latin roots….”

http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/cga/lowres/cgan893l.jpg

5.5.1 Why Classify?

• The classification system we use was invented by Carolus Linneus (1707-1778)

• It is called the Binomial system because all organisms are given 2 names – their Genus name and their species name. e.g Homo sapiens, (man), Mytilus edulis (common mussel)

Homo sapiens? Mytilus edulis

http://www.marlin.ac.uk/imgs/Species/Mollusca/o_Mytedu.jpg

• It is important that when scientists in Mongolia work on a species, a scientist in Brazil knows which one.

Anemone Anemone

http://www.sydneyaquarium.com.au/Downloads/INT/Wallpaper_1024x768_WaratahAnemone.jpg

http://www.nmessences.com/healing_images/anemone_white_b1.jpg

•It allows us to group similar organisms

http://i1.treknature.com/photos/6688/imgp1500a1a-copy1.jpg

http://www.no-pest.com/MountainLion6.jpg

http://media.photobucket.com/image/genus%20felidae/crowskyler/animania/clouded_leopard3.jpg

http://www.felinest.com/images/bengal-tiger.jpg

http://www.tigertouch.org/images/cats/lion.jpg

5.5.2 There are 7 levels of Classification:

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Make up a pneumonic to remember this list in order.

King Philip Comes Over For Great Sausages.

Activity:

Classify Humans and one plant completely .

The 5 Kingdoms

Animalia Plantae Fungi Protist Bacteria

No cell walls

Multi-cellular

Multi-cellular

Single + Multi-cellular

Single cellular

Single cellular

Cellulose cell walls

Chitin cell walls

NAG-NAMA cell walls

SaprotrophPhoto-autotroph

Heterotroph

Many types of cell wall

Many feeding types

Many feeding types

5.5.3 A closer look at Plants:

There are 4 phyla:

1. Bryophyte – The mosses

2. Filicinophyte – The Ferns

3. Coniferophyte – The Conifers

4. Angiospermophyte – The flowers

Bryophytes – The mosses• Simple non, vascular (no xylem and phloem.)

no proper roots but have rhizoids, reproduce with spores. Male gamete swims to female!

http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/images/TIa_photo1_500.JPG

http://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/photos-800/grrimmia-sp-exposed-rock-WA.jpg

Filicinophytes – the ferns• Has stems roots and leaves. Reproduces by

spores. Male gamete swims to female.

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/205/519433609_f1a29201d7.jpghttp://www.centralfloridafarms.com/fern-vine/foxtail-ferndrm-web.jpg

Coniferophytes – The conifers• Truly vascular. Reproduce

with pollen. Make cones with seeds in.

• Leaves are needle shaped to conserve water.

http://www.cambridge2000.com/gallery/images/P3075134.jpg http://www.denverevergreen.com/images/

pine_cones-left.gif

Angiospermophytes- Flowering plants• Have proper flowers. Truly vascular.

http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/BIOL1030/Lab8/images/Helianthus_spp(Sunflower).jpg

http://www.ipaw.org/invaders/reed_canary_grass/ReedCanaryGrassC_lg.jpg

5.5.4 The Animal invertebrates in detailInvertebrates are animals without backbones

there are 6 phyla:

1. Porifera – sponges.2. Cnideria - corals.3. Platyhelminthes – flat worms.4. Annelida – segmented worms.5. Mollusca – snails, octopi.6. Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans

Porifera – the sponges

• No mouth or anus. No symetry.

http://www.middleschoolscience.com/spong.jpg

Cnideria – Corals, hydra, jellyfish• Have a mouth and anus. Have radial

symmetry.

http://www.sydneyaquarium.com.au/Downloads/INT/Wallpaper_1024x768_WaratahAnemone.jpg

Platyhelminthes- flatworms• Have mouth and anus.

Have Bilateral symmetry. Soft with no skeleton.

http://rivers.snre.umich.edu/www311/OrganismPhotos/Platyhelminthes.GIF

Annelida – segmented worms

http://www.southtexascollege.edu/nilsson/4_GB_Lecture_figs_f/4_GB_23_AnimaliaInvert_Fig_f/Annelid.GIF

Hydrostatic skeleton

Many segments

Bilateral symmetry

Mollusca – snails, octopiHave a mouth and anus. Most have a calcium carbonate shell.

Bilateral symmetry. Hard rasping ‘radula’ is used for feeding.

http://z.about.com/d/animals/1/0/V/7/shutterstock_701650.jpg

http://www.americanaquariumproducts.com/images/graphics/octopus.jpg

Athropoda – insects, spiders, crustaceans

• Jointed legs. Hard chitin exoskeleton. Bilateral symmetry. Segmented body

http://tintedglasses.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/cockroach-3.jpg

http://www.hhcc.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/03/spider.jpg

http://img.quamut.com/chart/6861/01_atlantic_common_crab.jpg