5.5: classification. 5.5.1: binomial system of nomenclature the scientific name of a species...
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5.5: Classification
5.5.1: Binomial system of nomenclature
The scientific name of a species consists of two words; both words are italicized but only the first word is capitalized. For example Homo sapiens, the scientific name for humans, indicates that humans are one kind of ape in the genus Homo.
Benefits of the binomial nomenclature system include:
1) It is much easier to identify a species with this system.
2) Information about a species can be obtained easily online with just two words.
3) It’s obvious if two species are members of the same genus.
4) All countries use the same name, avoiding difficulties of translation.
5) Scientific names remain the same through time (unless there is a compelling reason to change it).
Outline the use of the binomial system of nomenclature in Campanula persicifolia.[2] N10/4/BIOLO/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
first name/Campanula for genus / second name/persicifolia for species;(all) members of Campanula persicifolia share special/unique features;two names make a unique combination to designate species / worldwiderecognized nomenclature;
5.5.2: Heirachy of taxa
There are 7 levels in the hierarchy of taxa:
Kingdom KeepPhylum PoorClass CharlieOrder OutFamily FromGenus and GirlsSpecies. Schools
M08/4/BIOLO/SP2/ENG/TZ2/XX+ Living organisms are classified according to their characteristics using a hierarchy of taxa. State the missing taxa in the table below.
A Phylum is a member of a Kingdom
A species is a member of a Genus
A genus is a member of a Family
A Family is a member of an Order
An Order is a member of a Class
A Class is a member of a Phylum
Common name: the ginkgo tree
Kingdom PlantaePhylum GinkgophytaClass GinkgopsidaOrder GinkgoalesFamily Ginkgoaceae Genus Ginkgo Species Ginkgo biloba
Common name: human ape
Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder PrimatesFamily HomonidaeGenus HomoSpecies Homo sapiens
5.5.3: Plant phyla
Bryophyta
Filicinophyta
5.3.3: Plant Phyla
Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta
Plant Phyla Roots Stems Leaves Reproductive parts
Angiospermophyta (flowering plants)
True roots that can be wide-spreading
Stems have support tissue and can therefore grow very tall.
Vast diversity of leaf shapes.
Produce flowers. Seeds not in cones.
Coniferophyta (conifers) True roots that grow
deep. Stems have support tissue and can therefore grow very tall
Water-conserving leaves (needle-shaped,thick waxy cuticle, few stomata)
Do not produce flowers. Seeds protected in cones.
Filicinophyta (ferns) True roots present but simple.
Short stems that grow at, or just under, the ground surface.
Leaves have numerous subdivisions and sporangia underneath.
Do not produce seeds Do not produce flowers. Produce spores.
Bryophyta (mosses) Lacking true roots; have rhizoids instead Lacking stems Lacking leaves
Do not produce seeds Do not produce flowers. Produce spores.
Plants are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. Describe the different characteristicsof the bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. [9] M10/4/BIOLO/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX
At least one characteristic from each group is needed for maximum credit. bryophyta have no roots / only have rhizoids; bryophyta have simple leaves/stems / only a thallus; bryophyta produce spores in capsule; byrophyta are nonvascular; bryophyte exhibit (pronounced) alternation of generations / a significant gametophyte generation;
filicinophyta have roots, stems and leaves; filicinophyta (often) have divided/pinnate leaves; filicinophyta produce spores in sporangia/spores on the undersides of leaves; filicinophyta exhibit alternation of generations; filicinophyta have primitive vascular tissue / no true xylem and phloem;
coniferophyta have woody stems; coniferophyta (often) have narrow leaves/needles/scales; coniferophyta produce seeds in cones/unenclosed seeds;
angiospermophyta have flowers; angiospermophyta have ovules in ovaries; angiospermophyta produce seeds (with hard coats) in fruits; [9 max]
Using simple external recognition features, distinguish between the plant phylabryophyta and angiospermophyta. [4] M10/4/BIOLO/SP2/ENG/TZ2/XX+
5.5.4: Animal phyla
Porifera
Cnidaria
5.5.4: Animal phyla
Platyhelminthes Annelida
5.5.4: Animal phyla
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Animal Phyla Symmetry Support structures Mouth Anus Additional
Porifer (sponges) Asymetrical Spicules lacking lacking Pores cover surface
Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals) Radial Hydrostatic or
CaCO3 present present Tentacles
Platyhelminthes (flatworms/tapeworms) Bilateral Hydrostatic present present
Flat bodies/no appendages
Annelida (leeches, worms) Bilateral Hydrostatic or
CaCO3 present presentRing-shaped segments
Mollusca (snails, squid, octopus) Bilateral Hydrostatic present present
Radula
Arthropoda (insects, spiders, crustaceans) Bilateral Exoskeleton
made of chitin present present Segmented bodies/jointed appendages
5.5.5: Dichotomous Key
N05/4/BIOLO/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX