545 490 434 410 354 298 251 205 141 65 2 how long have these organisms been living on earth?...
TRANSCRIPT
545 490 434 410 354 298 251 205 141 65 2
How long have these organismsbeen living on Earth?
cockroachnautilus
magnolia
dragonfly
caddis fly
shark
lungfish mammal
545 490 434 410 354 298 251 205 141 65 2
How long have these organismsbeen living on Earth?
cockroachnautilus
magnolia
dragonfly
caddis fly
shark
lungfish mammal
Extinctions
and possibly here
Extinctions are relativelycommon in the geologicalrecord. They may be dueto single events, like large impacts, or to a combinationof effects like changes inworld climate and volcanism.
However, as you can see, life goes on!
Apatite
Apatite is calcium phosphate.These crystals are from Cornwall in the U.K.: thelargest crystal is about 4cm long.
DNA
DNA is a very large molecule, made up of simpler units repeated billions of times.
The sides of the “ladder” are made of alternating sugar and phosphorus units.The rungs of the “ladder” are made up of pairs of bases. There are four types of base to choose from, and the sequence of these 2.85 billion pairs forms the code for life.
If you could make a model of DNA with the rungs one centimetre apart, the stretched-out coil would stretch THREE-QUARTERSof the way round the Earth, or from Canberra to Brasilia in South America AND BACK!
Archaean
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Cyanobacteria, single-celled organisms still livingtoday, flourished in shallowwater. They grow in layersto build up sheets, domes and cones by trapping sediment grains or by depositing limy material, making the stromatolites familiar to us in WA. The world’s oldest stromato-lites are found at NorthPole, in the Pilbara.
Proterozoic
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Ediacaran fossils are found in South Australia andin other places world-wide. They are all extinct species but despite their strange appearance, somecould have been the ancestors of life on Earth today.
A goblet-shaped fossilfrom around 560-550 million years ago: up to 5cm long, it has one of the earliest known mineralised skeletons.
A metre-long fossilwith a mineralisedskeleton from around 560-550 million years ago: it may be related to corals or sponges.
These trails on 1.9 billion year-old sands from the Stirling Ranges are thought to have been made by soft-bodied animals!
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Cambrian
Archaeocyathids, small (8-10cm) and vase-shaped,were filter-feeding creatures which formed great reefs.
Trilobites were segmentedmarine creatures, up to 50cmlong which were swimmers, burrowers and bottom dwellers.
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Graptolites were colonialanimals with horny skeletons,growing to about 10cm long.
Ordovician
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Silurian
Eurypterids werecarnivorous marine“sea scorpions”, the first creatures known to walk on land.
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Devonian
Lungfish
First sharks
Armoured fish
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Carboniferous
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Permian
Trilobites declined in numbers during the Carboniferous andbecame extinct by the end ofthe Permian.
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Triassic
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Jurassic
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Cretaceous
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Tertiary
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Cenozoic animals
These now extinctanimals are of Neogene (late Cenozoic) age: some date back to around 15 million years ago.Some may have co-existed withAborigines.
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Neogene: Pleistocene
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HoloceneDon’t forget thatthe Holoceneincludes us!