5306 5310.output

* GB785713 (A)

Description: GB785713 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in carbonating apparatus for use in making aerated water andthe like liquids

Description of GB785713 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION improvements in CalbonatilnLg Apparatus for use in making Aerated Water and the Slte Liqwds I, DOUGLAS CAMERON PARR, Of 225, Acton Lane, London, W.4, a British subject, do hereby declare the invention, for which i pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to carbonating apparatus for use in making aerated water and the like liquids. A conventional carbonator, as used more especially in installations for dispensing aerated water directly into drinking vessels as required for consumption on the spot, comprises a chamber into which CO2 is admitted under pressure, and into the top of which unaerated water is subsequently admitted, also under pressure. On meeting the atmosphere of CO2, the water takes up in solution a certain quantity of CO2 and becomes aerated. The aerated water collects in the chamber, from the bottom of which it is drawn ofE for use as required. The quantity of COss dissolved in a given volume of water increases with the pressure applied and decreases with temperature rise, the temperature effect being predominant in that a moderate reduction of temperature will increase the absorption of CO2 as much as a very considerable increase of pressure. In order to obtain a sufficiently high aeration without using excessive pressures, it is therefore customary to pass the water through a refrigerated cooler before injecting it into the carbonator which is usually at room temperature, but if the aerated water collected in the chamber is allowed to stand for more than a short time before being drawn-off for use it will soon reach room

temperature, so that not only must a high pressure be maintained in the chamber to retain the desired degree of aeration, but if the aerated water is to be dispensed for consumption on the spot, for which purpose popular demand requires that it be served cold, it is customary to provide a second refrigerated cooler through which the aerated water discharged from the carbonator is passed before reaching the dispensing valve. Such an installation is clearly wasteful of refrigerating capacity, since the water bas to be cooled twice over, and the full benefit of the pre-cooling of the water in reducing the working pressure of the carbonator is not achieved. Refrigerating capacity can therefore be economised and worldng pressure kept down by cooling the carbonator chamber itself as well as pre-cooling the water. The present invention aims at achieving this result in a simple, effective and commercially economical way. According to this invention apparatus for carbonating water and the like liquids comprises a cylindrical carbonating chamber around which are wrapped in closely spaced helical coils, extending throughout substantially the whole length of the chamber and leaving no part of the wrapped surface exposed two pipes of which one conveys the water (or other liquid) to the chamber and the other is traversed by a refrigerant, the coils of the refrigerant pipe being metallically bonded to the wall of the chamber and also to the contiguous coils of the water conveying pipe along continuous helical lines of contact. In a preferred form of construction the water conveying pipe is wrapped outside the refrigerant pipe, the mutually adjacent coils of each pipe being metallically bonded to one another along a continuous helical line of contact. In an alternative form of construction, the water conveying pipe and the refrigerant pipe are both wrapped round the chamber and in bonded, continuous contact therewith and with each other in the manner of a two-start thread. A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of example, in sectional elevation, in the single figure of the drawing accompanying the complete specification hereof; and an alternative embodiment is illustrated in the single figure of the drawing accompanying the provisional specification hereot. Referring to the drawing of the complete specification, 11 is the cylindrical carbonator chamber having a gas inlet 12 and a water inlet 13 at the top, and an outlet 14 for aerated water at the bottom; 15 is the water pipe connected to the inlet 13 and 16 is the pipe or tubular element through which the refrigerant is circulated.

The respective directions of flow of water and refrigerant are indicated by arrows. The pipe 16 is helically coiled about the chamber 11 with its successive turns in mutual contact; and the pipe 15 is helically coiled about the turns of the pipe 16 in a similar way; the chamber 11 being thus wrapped in two successive layers of helically wound pipe-coils 16, 15. The turns of pipe 16 are metallically bonded at 17 to the wall of chamber 11 and at 18 to the adjacent turns of the pipe 15 Referring to the drawing accompanying the provisional specification hereof, 1 is the cylindrical carbonator chamber having a gas inlet 2 and a water inlet 3 at the top, and an outlet 4 for aerated water at the bottom; 5 is the water pipe connected to the inlet 3 and 6 the tubular element through which the refrigerant is circulated. The respective directions of flow of water and refrigerant are indicated by arrows. The pipe 5 and tubular element 6 are helically coiled about the chamber 1, the turns of the pipe 5 alternating with the turns of the element 6. The turns of pipe 5 and element 6 are metallically bonded at 7 to the wall of chamber 1 and at 8 to one another. The arrangement particularly described with reference to the drawing of the complete specification hereof is preferred to that particularly described with reference to the drawing of the provisional specification hereof on grounds of ease of manufacture and assembly, and because it enables the number of turns of both the water pipe and the refrigerant pipe to be practically doubled for a given length of chamber, each turn of the refrigerant pipe coil being in contact both with the chamber and a coil of the water pipe, all of which improves the heattransfer efficiency. - Although the contraflow principle is theoretically advantageous it has been found in some cases to introduce certain practical disadvantages, which are eliminated by adopting the arrangement herein particularly described and illustrated, which does not embody the contraflow principle. What I claim is : - 1. Apparatus for carbonating water and the like liquids comprising a cylindrical carbonating chamber around which are wrapped in closely spaced helical coils, extending throughout substantially the whole length of the chamber and leaving no part of the wrapped surface exposed, two pipes of which one conveys the water (or other liquid) to the chamber and the other is traversed by refrigerant, the coils of the refrigerant pipe being metallically bonded to the wall of the chamber and also to the contiguous coils of the water conveying pipe along continuous helical lines of contact. 2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, in which the water conveying pipe

is wrapped outside the refrigerant pipe, the mutually adjacent coils of each pipe being metallically bonded to one another along a continuous helical line of contact. 3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, in which the water conveying pipe and the refrigerant pipe are both wrapped round the chamber and in bonded, continuous contact therewith and with each other in the manner a a two-start thread. 4. Apparatus for carbonating water and like liquids constructed, arranged and operating substantially as herein described and as illustrated in the drawing accompanying the provisional specification hereof. 5. Apparatus for carbonating water and like liquids constructed, arranged and operating substantially as herein described and as illustrated in the drawing accompanying the complete specification hereof. PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION Improvements in Carbonating Apparatus for use in making Aerated Water and the like Liquids I, DOUGLAS CAMERON PARR, of 225, Acton Lane, London, WA, a British subject, do hereby declare this invention to be described in the following statement: This invention relates to carbonating apparatus for use in making aerated water and the like liquids. A conventional carbonator, as used more especially in installations for dispensing aerated water directly into drinking vessels as required for consumption on the spot, comprises a chamber into which Cm, is admitted under pressure, and into the top of which unaerated water is subsequently admitted, also under pressure. On meeting the atmosphere of COO, the water takes up in solution a certain quantity of CO2 and becomes aerated. The aerated water collects in the chamber, from the bottom of which it is drawn off for use as required. The quantity of CO2 dissolved in a given volume of water increases with the pressure applied and decreases with temperature rise, the temperature effect being predominant in

* GB785714 (A)

Description: GB785714 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in electrical speed control arrangements for rotating equipment


PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventors: GEORGE, THOMAS BAKER and RAYMOND BEAUFOY p Date of filing Complete Specification: Aug 30, 1955. ( 4 J 20D Application Date: Sept, I, 1954 No 25427154. ___ Complete Specification Published: Nov6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 38 ( 4), R( 4: 33 D 3 B: 62: 112 A). International Classification:-GO 5 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Electrical Speed Control Arrangements, for Rotating Equipment We, BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH LIMITED, a British Company, of Taplow Court, Taplow, Buckinghamshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method, by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention is concerned with electrical speed control arrangements for securing rotation of a piece of equipment at an accurately-controlled speed and is particularly applicable to the driving arrangements for a magnetic drum recorder Such magnetic drums are finding increasing use for the storage of information in connection with the computing machines and telephone systems and a usual requirement for their satisfactory employment is that it should be possible for their speed to be accurately controlled in relation to the co-operating equipment. In one use of such drums in connection with telephone systems, the drum is used for storing information and a system of time pulses which is conveniently derived from the drum is employed to enable access to be had to the required items of information to control other equipment It is desirable however that the speed of the drum should vary as little as possible in consequence of variations in the voltage of the source from which the driving motor is supplied and also due to variations in the mechanical torque required The chief object of the present invention is to enable this to be done in a simple and reliable manner. According to the invention in an arrangement for controlling the speed, of rotation of a piece of equipment provided with driving arrangements capable of producing a slightly higher speed than that required and also with electrically-controlled braking equipment generator rotating at a speed corresponding to that of the equipment

is arranged to produce periodic currents of a frequency which varies r Price 3 s 6 d l directly wth the speed, these currents being fed to a filter with a sharp cut-off the output of which controls the braking equipment, the cut-off point of the filter corresponding to the frequency of the periodic currents at the desired operational speed so that a small change in speed, at the critical point causes a large change in braking control current. Preferably the filter is of the low-pass; type and the necessary speed reduction is effected by an eddy current brake As long as control current passes the filter it biases a valve to cut-off and no current flows through the coils of the brake If the speed increases, however the filter exercises an attenuating effect, the valve conducts and the brake is effective to reduce the speed. The invention will 'be better understood from' the following description of a preferred method of carrying it into effect which should be taken in conjunction with the drawing accompanying the provisional specification. This shows a circuit diagram of the control equipment used for securing constant speed in the rotation of a magnetic drum Referring to the drawing, leads 10 and 11 extend from a reading head associated with a track on the surface of the magnetic drum on which a periodic signal, conveniently a sine wave, has been registered The signal is fed' via an amplifier Al to a low-pass filter L Pi F, which is designed to have a fairly sharp cut off The signal frequency applied to leads 10 and 11 when the drum is running at its operational speed is arranged to coincide with a point on the lower portion of the steep part of the filter attenuation curve. The output from the filter is amplified in amplifier 'A 2, and is rectified' by shunt and series rectifiers MIR 1 and' MR 2 so that only the negative part of the signal is applied to the capacitor Cl, The time constant of the circuit comprising capacitor Cl and resistor R 1 is such as to maintain a steady negative bias on the grid of tube VT when a steady output 7855714 is obtained from amplifier A 2 This grid bias is the controlling bias for the tube, which functions as a d c amplifier The bias provided for tube VT by cathode resistor R 3 in the absence of a signal from amplifier A 2 enables the tube to take current, A strong negative signal applied to the grid via resistor R 2 will bias the tube beyond cut-off, and this condition exists when the output from amplifier A 2 exceeds a small value The gridstopper resistor R 2 assists in stabilising the amplifying circuit. The output circuit of tube VT is taken via leads 12 and 13 to the energising coils of an I 5 eddy-current braking system which controls the speed of the magnetic drum Capacitor C 2 is inserted to provide a shunt path for the ripple component of the grid bias signal when this

is not sufficient to cut off the tube. When the drum is being accelerated to its normal operating speed, the signal applied to leads 10 and '11 will have a frequency within the pass range of the filter, the output of which will therefore have considerable amplitude This will be sufficient to cut off tube VT, and there will thus be no current fed to the braking system As the speed of rotation of the drum approaches closely the operating speed, the frequency of the signal fed to the filter will correspond to the foot of the steep portion of the filter attenuation curve The output signal from the filter will now be slightly reduced in amplitude, so reducing the negative grid bias of the tube and' allowing a small current to flow in ihe braking circuit. A further increase in drum speed to the operational value will bring the frequency of the signal to that at the working point on the filter characteristic, At this frequency the attenuation in the filter will be high, and, the grid bias will be quite small, so that the tube is enabled to take almost its full current. The effect of this amount of current fed to the braking system is arranged to balance the excess torque available from the driving motor when the drum is running at its operational speed. Any slight fluctuations in speed from this value produce corresponding signal frequency variations, and because of the steepness of the filter attenuation curve near the working point, a large change in braking current results This amplification of the control signal minimises speed changes due to changes in the driving torque. Preferably the drum is electrically driven and the braking current is supplied to magnet coils arranged to operate on an eddy current disc fixed to the drum assembly. It will be obvious that an alternative method of speed control could be used in which a normally non-conducting tube is made conducting by positive signals obtained from a high-pass filter.

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* GB785715 (A)

Description: GB785715 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Preparation of pteridine derivatives

Description of GB785715 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,715 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Oct 18, 1954. V 9 l o { \ No 29966154. Application made in United States of America on Oct 21, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), C 2 86 (A 4: B: D: G 9: J), C 2 837 (A 3: B 3: Cl: C 4: D 3: J: K: L). International Classification:-CO 7 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Preparation of Pteridine Derivatives We, MERCK & Co, INC, a corporation duly organised and existing under the laws of the State of New Jersey, United States of America, of Rahway, New Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to the production of substituted pteridines More particularly, it is concerned with novel processes for the production of pteroic acid and esters and amide derivatives thereof such as pteroylglutamic acid (folic acid). It has now been discovered according to the present invention that imines of pteroic acid, its esters and amido derivatives of the formula R NCH=N C R". R'HN i 2 N J may be reduced to the corresponding 6-pteridylmethylene amines of the formula R jj$( y CH 2 N IVH 1 N N by compounds containing a sulphhydryl group.

In the above formulas R represents a hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, or aralkoxy group, R 1 is hydrogen or an acyl group and R" is a hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, amino or substituted amino group. Thus, R may be a group other than hydroxy such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, phenoxy or benzyloxy group, R' may be hydrogen or an acyl group such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, benzoyl or phenylacetyl, and R' may be, instead of hydroxy, a group such as a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy or amino group, or a substituted amino group such as an amide derived from glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine or alanine. This reduction is conveniently achieved by contacting the imine and sulphhydryl compound in a suitable solvent which is inert towards the sulphhydryl compound Some of the solvents which are satisfactory for this purpose are Cellosolve, Methylcellosolvee, ButyllPrice 3 s 6 d l 0 3 C k, cellosolve, pyridine, tertiary amines, acetic acid, dioxane, substituted methylamines, and ethylene glycol (Cellosolve is a Registered Trade Mark) Although lower temperatures can be used it is preferred to employ elevated temperatures of about 100-170 C in effecting the reaction Reflux temperatures may be conveniently used if desired The time required to complete the reaction will vary with the reactants, solvent and temperature but ordinarily reaction times of from 2 to 16 hours are sufficient. An excess of the sulphhydryl compound is generally used in the reaction, preferably a twofold to twelvefold molar excess. After the reaction has been completed the desired product may be isolated from the reaction mixture and purified by conventional procedures The products are generally of low solubility in organic solvents and may be readily recovered by filtration and purified by washing with ether and water Alternatively, a solvent such as ether or water, in which the product is insoluble, may be added to the reaction mixture to ensure complete precipitation of the product. It has been found that this reaction can be effected by the use of any compounds which possess sulphhydryl groups, also called mercapto groups A large number of sulphhydryl compounds have been used successfully for this purpose, preferred sulphhydryl compounds being those in which the sulphhydryl group is attached to an aromatic ring, such as fl-thionaphthol, examples of which are thiocresol, and thiophenol Thiourea, thioacetic acid, thioglycollic acid, hydrogen sulphide, benzylmercaptan and tertiary butylmercaptan are also suitable, however. The 6-pteridylmethylene imines used in this invention as starting materials, such as a 2amino or 2-acylamino-4-hydroxy-6-methylenepterine, are conveniently prepared according to methods available in the art Certain

4-hydroxy-2-acylamino-6-pteridylmethylene imines are claimed in and may be prepared by processes described and claimed in the specification of our copending Application No 18455/ 56 (Serial No 785,354) Examples of imines which may be used in this process that might be mentioned are N p-l( 2-acetamido-4-hydroxy 6-pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzoyl tglutamic acid, N-4 p l( 2-benzamido-4-hydroxy-6pteridylmethylene) iminol benzoyl X glutamic acid, N-4 p l( 2-butyramido-4-benzyloxy-6pteridylmethylene) iminol benzoyl F glutamic acid, N U p l( 2 acetamido-4-hydroxy-6pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzoic acid and esters thereof such as the methyl, ethyl, phenyl and benzyl esters, N-{ p l( 2-amino-4-lhydroxy6-pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzamide and Np l( 2 amino-4-hydroxy-6-pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzoylaspartic acid. The 2-acylamino-6-pteridylmethylene imines are preferably used in this process because they are much more soluble than the corresponding 2-amino compounds and give greater yields of the desired products in a much shorter reaction time In addition, the 2-acylamino compounds are more readily purified than the non-acylated compounds. In a specific embodiment of this process Np l( 2 acetamido 4 hydroxy-6-pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzoyl -glutamic acid is reacted with a sulphhydryl compound such as pthiocresol to form 2 acetamido pteroylglutamic acid, also called N'-acetyl-folic acid Likewise, N p l( 2 amino-4-hydroxy-6-pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzoic acid is reduced according to this invention to pteroic acid Similarly, other imines such as those hereinabove specifically named may be reduced with sulphhydryl compounds to the corresponding 6-pteridylmethylene amines. EXAMPLE 1. A mixture of 2 0 g of N-{ p l( 2-acetamido4 hydroxy 6-pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzoyl -glutamic acid, 1 84 g of thioglycollic acid and 50 ml of Cellosolve is refluxed for 6 hours The green-black mixture is allowed to stand overnight at room temperature and is then added with stirring to 250 ml of absolute ether The N 2-acetyl-folic acid is removed by 70 filtration, washed with ether and dried at room temperature under diminished pressure. The N-1 p l( 2-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-pteridylmethylene)iminol benzoyl tglutamic acid used in this example is conveniently produced 75 according to methods disclosed in Specification No 18455/56, (Serial No 785,354) (See Example 1 of that specification). EXAMPLE 2. A mixture of 2 0 g of N p l( 2-acetamido 80 4-hydroxy 6 pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzoyl -glutamic acid, 2 0 ml of thiophenol and ml of Methyl Cellosolve is heated under reflux for 4 hours The mixture is cooled to room temperature and added to 250 ml of ab 85

solute ether with stirring After stirring for several minutes the red-brown precipitate is removed by filtration The N 2-acetyl-folic acid is then washed with ether and dried under diminished pressure It assays 35 % folic acid 90 by chemical assay and 46 %,;, folic acid by microbial assay using L casei. EXAMPLE 3. A mixture of 2 0 g of N p l( 2-acetamido4-hydroxy 6 pteridylmethylene)iminolben 95 zoyl glutamic acid, 1 84 g of thioglycollic acid and 50 ml of Cellosolve is refluxed 6 hours. The mixture is allowed to stand overnight at room temperature and is then added to 250 ml of absolute ether with stirring The N 2 100 acetyl-folic acid precipitates and is filtered, washed with ether and dried under reduced pressure at room temperature. EXAMPLE 4. About 0 5 g of N-p l( 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6 105 pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzoic acid and 1 g. of thiourea are added to 300 ml of dioxane and heated at reflux for 10 hours The mixture is cooled and allowed to stand overnight The pteroic acid is recovered by filtration and is 110 washed with ether and dried. This reaction may be repeated with the ethyl ester of this imine to form ethyl pteroate. EXAMPLE 5. To 250 ml of ethylene glycol is added 0 75 115 g of N-p l( 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzamide and 1 5 g of benzyimercaptan The mixture is refluxed for 8 hours, cooled and pteramide recovered by filtration It is washed with ether and dried 120 EXAMPLE 6. To 300 ml of Cellosolve is added 1 g of Np l( 2 acetamido 4 hydroxy-6-pteridylmethylene)iminolbenzoyl aspartic acid and 1.25 g of thiocresol The mixture is refluxed 125 for 5 hours, cooled and the N 2-acetyl-pteroylaspartic acid recovered by filtration It is washed with ether and dried. EXAMPLE 7. A mixture of 2 0 g of N pl( 2-acetamido 130 785,715 undistilled residue is filtered while hot and then cooled to room temperature After chilling in an ice bath the N 2-acetyl-folic acid is isolated by filtration, washed with acetone and ether and dried.

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* Worldwide Database * 5.8.23.4; 93p

* GB785716 (A)

Description: GB785716 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Improvements in feeding mechanisms for use with power presses and likemachines


PATENT SPECIFICATION Inrentor: JOH 1 N TILDESLEY HIELEY Date of filing Complete Specification: Nov 30, 1955. Application Date: Nov 30, 1954. No 34602/54. \n 4 WZ O;,3 r Complete Specification Published: Nov6, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 83 ( 4), H( 4 M: 7 A). International Classification:-B 23 j, k. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Feeding Mechanisms for use with Power Presses and like Machines I, WILLIAM ALFRED BLAKE, trading as B.IIP MACHINE TOOL 'COMPANY, a British Subject of '91 Wattville Road, Birmingham 2.1, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and, the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to feed mechanisms for use with power presses and like machines of the kind wherein the feed mechanism includes an oscillatable pick-up arm which is adapted to be swung, in timed relationship to the operative strokes or other movements of the machine, and is adapted in normal operation to carry a workpiece from a feed position to an operative position in which it is disposed in the path of movement of the tool or tools associated with the machine. Such a pick-up arm incorporates an operating head for engaging the workpiece and this head may comprise a suction operated cup, a pair of gripper fingers or a magnetic device depending upon the particular nature of the workpiece which is to be transferred The control of the

operating head, in regard to changing it from a CC pick-up " to a " release " state, or vice versa, is effected automatically by virtue of the angular position of the pickup arm, or by virtue of the position of some member operating in synchronization therewith, and, in the case of a head provided with a suction operated cup or gripper fingers, may be effected pneumatically or hydraulically through the medium of a suitable valve, whilst, in the case of a magnetic head, is effected electrically through the medium of a suitable switch. The object of the present invention is to provide an improved construction which will facilitate the setting, up of the feed mechanism in accordance with the particular form of workpiece concerned. According to the present invention I provide, in a feed mechanism of the above kind, l(Pice 3 s 6 d l setting control means, operable by the operator, whereby the pick-up head may be permanently activated to retain a workpiece thereof during setting up or resetting of the mechanism. In the case where the pick-up head' is pneumatically or hydraulically operated the setting control means would take the form of a bypass valve, and in the case where the pickup head is electrically energized, the control means would take the form of a suitable switch. The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein: Figure 1 is a side elevation showing the feed mechanism unit mounted on a power press, Figure 2 is a plan view thereof, Figure 3 is a section 'on line 3-3 of Figure Figure 4 is a front elevation of the unit and Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the layout of the pneumatic supplies to the pickup head. In the form' of my invention illustrated showing it as applied to a feed mechanism for feeding work-pieces from a feed table to the lower die of a power press the pick-up arm 10, which is adapted to be swung between the feed table 11 and the lower die '12, is adjustably mounted, by means of a clamp 13 upon a sleeve 14 which is coupled to a rotatable spindle 15 This spindle 15 is provided with a radially extending lug 16 whereby it is connected to a rod '17 mounted on a 'slide member 18 slidable on a suitable 'bed 19 which can be secured to the side of the power press This slide 118 ' is 'connected, through the medium of links 21, 22, to one end of a connecting rod 23 whose other end is secured to a crank disc mounted on the crankshaft of the press Thus as the crankshaft of the press rotates so the slide 18 is reciprocated and' the pickup arm 10 oscillated between the feed table 11 'and the lower die 12 of the press 20 The connecting rod 23 is so coupled' to the crank shaft of the press that when the press is per1 > 7 ,Z" 2 " KY 5 785716 SO Ss forming its operative stroke the pick-up arm is disposed at the feed table end of its' stroke, the pick-up arm

being positioned between the dies of the press when the upper die is in its raised position. In accordance with normal practice the pick-up arm 10, in addition to its oscillating motion, is also adapted to move in a vertical plane and to this end the sleeve 14 is mounted for axial sliding movement on the spindle 15. The sleeve 14 is keyed, to the spindle 15 so that the sleeve 14 and spindle 15 rotate as one and a spring 24 is mounted between the spindle 15 and sleeve 14 biasing the sleeve 14 upwardly The sleeve 14 is provided with an annular shoulder 25 which is adapted to be engaged by a pair of rollers 26 carried on the ends of a fork member 27 which is pivoted at 28 intermediate its ends about a horizontal axis and whose other end is provided with a roller 29 or like member for engaging one or other of a pair of cams 30, 31 carried on the slide 18 These cams 30 and 31 are so arranged that when the arm 10 has reached either end of its stroke the associated cam will engage and lift the roller 29 thus causing the rollers 26 to bear down on and depress the sleeve 14 against the action of the spring 24. As the pick-up arm 10 is connected to this sleeve 14 this movement will result in the. pick-up arm 10 being moved vertically downwards to its discharge or pick up position, depending upon the angular position of the arm As the slide 18 commences to move in the opposite direction the roller 29 on the one end of the fork member 27 leaves the cam 30 or 31 so that the sleeve 14 rises under the influence of its associated spring 24 thus raising the pickup arm 10 In order to ensure that the pick-up arm 10 moves with a truly vertical movement when it has reached the end of its angular travel suitable lost motion must be provided between the slide 18 and the spindle so that the slide 18 can continue to move to enable the cams 30, 31 to operate the fork member 27 without causing angular movement of the spindle 15 To provide this lost motion the radially extending lug 16 on the spindle 15 operates between a pair of adjustable stops 32, 33 and springs 34 are provided between the lug 16 and the operating rod 17 so as to permit this further travel of the slide 18 when the lug 16 engages one or other of its stops 32, 33 The pick-up arm 10 is provided with an operating head 35 which incorporates a suitable suction device, which may be in the form of a cup for engaging a workpiece and conveying it from the feed table 11 to the lower diea 12 The suction is obtained from a pump 36, see Figure 5, and the control of this pickup head is effected through a control valve which is operated in response to positional movements of the slide 18 by engagement of the cams 50, 51 with a toggle 37 This conctrol valve is mounted within the valve housing 38 Alternatively the pick-up head may be constituted by a pair of gripper fingers,

which may be operated by pneumatic pressure The head may, however, be operated hydraulically 70 or by an electromagnetic device, in which latter case, it would, of course, be energized from a suitable electrical supply and controlled by a main control switch operated in a similar manner to the control valve aforesaid 75 In any event in normal operation of the feed mechanism the pick-up head 35 must be actuated so that when the pick-up arm 10 is lowered on to the feed table 11 the head 35 is activated to engage a workpiece and remains 80 activated until the pick-up arm 10 has effected its angular travel and has lowered the workpiece into or on to the lower die 12 of the press When the workpiece is thus posiItioned the pick-up head 35 is de-energised or 85 released so that the workpiece is deposited on the die 12 and the pick-up arm 10 commences its return journey, the head being re-activated when it engages a fresh workpiece on the feed table 11 90 In order to facilitate the setting up of the feed mechanism I provide means whereby a workpiece can be retained by the pick-up head during the course of a complete cycle of movement of the pick-up head, that is to say 95 from the feed table to the die and back to the feed table. In the case of pick-up head which is pneumatically operated a by-pass valve is provided, this valve being preferably contained 100 within the same housing as the control valve referred to above and this by-pass valve being manually operable so that the operator, by operating this valve, can apply suction to the pick-up head regardless -of the position of the 105 slide operated valve In the case of an hydraulically operated pick-up head corresponding by-pass and, control valves are provided. In the case of an electrically energised pickup head a by-pass circuit and switch would 110 be provided for achieving this same purpose. Figure 5 illustrates, somewhat schematically, the pneumatic circuit for the control valve and by-pass valve for use with a pick-up head which is operated by suction or for a pick-up 115 head which is operated by pressure Vacuum is created by the pump 36 and the vacuum line 39 is connected to the valve box 38 through a port 40 Air under pressure is supplied to the air line 41 and passes through a conven 120 tional air line lubricator 42 and pressure reducing valve 43 This air line 41 is' connected to the valve box 3 M 8 through the port 44 The inlet ports 40 and 44 are connected with the outlet port 45 through the medium of a change 125 over valve operable by means of a handle 46 so that the outlet port 45 can be connected to air pressure or to vacuum in accordance with the' type of head which is in use, The control valve which is operable by the toggle 37 con 130 785,71,6 _


* GB785717 (A)

Description: GB785717 (A) ? 1957-11-06

Plain bearings


PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: PHIL PRINCE LOVE Date of filing Complete Specification: May 1, 1956. I_) 1 O Application Date: Feb 2, 1955 No 314 Complete Specification Published: Nov 6, 1957 1 Index at acceptance: -Class 12 ( 1), A( 6 A 1: 20). International Classification:-FO 6 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Plain Bearings We, THE GLACIER METAL COMPANY LIMITED, a Company registered under the Laws of Great Britain, of 368, Ealing Road, Alperton, Wembley, Middlesex, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which' it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to plain bearings in which oil lubrication is used, and, is particularly but not exclusively applicable to plain bearings to which the lubricating oil is supplied under pressure to maintain the necessary oil film between the bearing surface of the bearing and the journal or other member with which it cooperates. When such bearings are used in some types of apparatus, conditions may arise in which the supply of oil under pressure is temporarily interrupted, as for example in the case of heavy army vehicles, tracked vehicles, tractors and earth-moving apparatus when the engine

becomes tilted to such an extent that the inlet of the lubricating oil pump is above the oil level in the oil sump or the like, and if this condition persists for any substantial period bearings fed with oil by the pump may become depleted of oil, It is an object of the present invention to provide a form of plain bearing in which the breakdown of the oil film between the bearing surface of the bearing and the journal or the like will he deferred in the event of interruption of the oil supply to the bearing so as to maintain this film in spite of interruptions of such oil supply for short periods. It has been found that an oil' film tends to be maintained between the bearing surface of a plain bearing and the journal member cooperating therewith provided that a meniscus of ring shape is maintained at the ends of the bearing surface, that is to say between the edges of the bearing surface and the journal or the like. A plain bearing according to the present invention is provided 'with an annular recess lPrice 3 s 6 d l 785,717 44/55. formed around and extending inwards from one or each of the circular edges of its bearing surface to provide an annular area adjacent to one or each of such edges over at least part of which the clearance between the bearing surface and' the surface of the journal or other cooperating member is greater than' the working clearance but sufficiently small for oil to be retained in the recess by surface tension. The term " bearing surface " is used' herein to mean the surface of a bearing which faces the journal or other cooperating member while the term " working clearance " is used' to mean the clearance between the parts respectively of the bearing surface and of the journal or other cooperating member over which the bearing load is transmitted through the oil film These parts of the surfaces in question will moreover hereinafter be called the working surfaces, The invention is particularly applicable to plain bearings of the cylindrical type whether formed in one or more parts and in this case it will be understood that the annular recess or recesses will be formed in the inner surface of the bearing extending axially inwards from one or each end thereof, the minimum radial depth of each recess being such that oil will be retained in the recess 'by surface tension. For example the depth of the recess or each recess in a bearing according to the invention might be between 0 003 inches' and' 0 015 inches Moreover this depth may either be substantially constant or may vary from one edge to the other of the recess, but preferably will be a minimum' at the outer edge of the recess For example the recess may increase progressively, in depth from its outer to its inner edge so as to provide a narrow annular gap at its outer edge between the surfaces of the bearing and' of the journal or the like, and' to

provide an inner part of the recess capable of holding a comparatively large volume of oil. The width of each recess in a bearing according to the invention would preferably be one tenth of an inch or more. It will be apparent that the presence of the recesses in bearings according to the invention will tend to keep in existence a meniscus of ring form at the circular edges of the bearing surface if and when the oil supply is interrupted and the existence of this meniscus will in turn tend to prevent breakdown of the oil film between the working surfaces during the period of interruption. Two examples of forms of recess in bearings according to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation through a cylindrical plain bearing according to the invention) having plain stepped recesses at opposite ends, Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of one end of this bearing showing the form of the recess, and Figure 3 is a view corresponding to Figure 2 of an alternative undercut form of recess. In Figure 1 the bearing 1 has the normal clearance from the journal 2, shown exaggerated forclarity. -Lubricating oil is normally maintained in this clearance, being supplied under pressure through a conventional supply passage 3. At opposite ends of the bearing are formed internal annular grooves or recesses 4, the width W of each recess as shown in Figure 2 being approximately O 1 inches, while the depth D is between 0 003 and 0 015 inches. In this example the recesses are of plain cylindrical form In the alternative form shown in Figure 3 the recess is undercut, and the depth at the outer edge of the bearing is appreciably less than the depth at the inner edge of the recess.


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