5.3. valence electrons elements in a group have similar properties because they have the same number...
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Valence Electrons & Group Properties
5.3
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Valence ElectronsElements in a group have similar properties
because they have the same number of valence electrons.
A valence electron is an electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom.
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Valence Electrons & Group NumberWhen the A groups in the periodic table are numbered from 1 through 8, the group number matches the number of valence electrons in the electron configuration of an element in that group.
• Valence electrons play a key role in chemical reactions.
• Properties vary across a period because the number of valence electrons increases from left to right.
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Alkali MetalsGroup 1A1 Valence ElectronExtremely Reactive and thus found only in
nature as compounds
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Alkaline Earth MetalsGroup 2A2 Valence ElectronsHighly Reactive
Spinach plant
Oyster shell with pearl
Plaster cast
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Boron FamilyGroup 3A3 Valence ElectronsEx: Aluminum =
Most abundant metal in Earth’s Crust
Lab Glass materials
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Carbon FamilyGroup 4A4 Valence Electrons
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Nitrogen FamilyGroup 5A5 Valence ElectronsElements with a wide range of physical
propertiesUsed a lot in fertilizer
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Oxygen FamilyGroup 6A6 Valence
ElectronsEx: Oxygen is the
most abundant element in the Earth’s crust
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HalogensGroup 7A7 Valence ElectronsFound as gas, liquid or
solidDespite these differences,
chemical properties are the same
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Noble GasesHe has 2 valence electronsAll the others have 8Colorless, odorless and extremely unreactive
= STABLE
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Noble GasesBut, when electric
current passes through noble gases, they emit different colors. Helium emits pink, neon emits orange-red, argon emits lavender, krypton emits white, and xenon emits blue.
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Electron Dot DiagramWhen is an atom unlikely to react?When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons, the atom is stable and not likely to react.
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Electron Dot DiagramThe chemical properties of an
element depend on the number of valence electrons. An electron dot diagram is a model of an atom in which each dot represents a valence electron. The symbol in the center represents the nucleus and all the other electrons in the atom.
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Electron Dot Diagram
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Electron Dot Diagram
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Electron Dot Diagram
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Electron Dot Diagram
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Electron Dot Diagram
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Electron Dot Diagram
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Electron Dot Diagram
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Electron Dot Diagram
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Electron Dot Diagram