5.3 democracy and greece’s golden age

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Democracy and Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age Greece’s Golden Age Chapter 5, Section 3 Chapter 5, Section 3 Democratic principles and classical culture Democratic principles and classical culture flourish during Greece’s golden age. flourish during Greece’s golden age.

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Page 1: 5.3 democracy and greece’s golden age

Democracy and Democracy and Greece’s Golden AgeGreece’s Golden Age

Chapter 5, Section 3Chapter 5, Section 3

Democratic principles and classical cultureDemocratic principles and classical cultureflourish during Greece’s golden age.flourish during Greece’s golden age.

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Pericles’ Plan for AthensPericles’ Plan for Athens

Pericles as LeaderPericles as Leader Skillful politician, Skillful politician,

inspiring speaker, inspiring speaker, respected generalrespected general

Dominates life in Athens Dominates life in Athens from 461 to 429 B.C.from 461 to 429 B.C.

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Pericles’ Plan for AthensPericles’ Plan for Athens

Stronger DemocracyStronger DemocracyPericles hires more paid public officials; Pericles hires more paid public officials;

creates direct democracycreates direct democracyDirect democracy—citizens rule directly, Direct democracy—citizens rule directly,

not through representativesnot through representatives

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Pericles’ Plan for AthensPericles’ Plan for Athens

Athenian EmpireAthenian EmpireTakes over the Delian League; uses Takes over the Delian League; uses

money to strengthen Athenian fleet.money to strengthen Athenian fleet.Sparta and other cities resent Athenian Sparta and other cities resent Athenian

power.power.Glorifying AthensGlorifying Athens

Pericles buys gold, ivory, marble; hires Pericles buys gold, ivory, marble; hires artisans to beautify Athens all with artisans to beautify Athens all with money from the Delian League without money from the Delian League without the whole league’s consent.the whole league’s consent.

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Glorious Art and ArchitectureGlorious Art and Architecture

Architecture and SculptureArchitecture and SculpturePericles builds the Parthenon—a large Pericles builds the Parthenon—a large

temple to honor the goddess Athena.temple to honor the goddess Athena.Within temple, sculptor Phidias crafts 30 Within temple, sculptor Phidias crafts 30

foot statue of Athenafoot statue of AthenaSculptors create graceful, strong, Sculptors create graceful, strong,

perfectly formed figures.perfectly formed figures.Classical art—values harmony, order, Classical art—values harmony, order,

balance, proportion, beautybalance, proportion, beauty

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The Parthenon from the south.

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Drama and HistoryDrama and History

Tragedy and ComedyTragedy and Comedy Greeks invent drama as an art form; includes Greeks invent drama as an art form; includes

chorus, dance, poetrychorus, dance, poetry Two forms of drama: tragedy and comedyTwo forms of drama: tragedy and comedy

Tragedy—tells story of heroes’ downfall; themes of Tragedy—tells story of heroes’ downfall; themes of love, hate, and warlove, hate, and war

Comedy—makes fun of politics and respected people; Comedy—makes fun of politics and respected people; slapstick humorslapstick humor

Greek dramatists include Aeschylus, Euripides, Greek dramatists include Aeschylus, Euripides, Aristophanes, SophiclesAristophanes, Sophicles

Historians Herodotus and Thucydides Historians Herodotus and Thucydides record and study past eventsrecord and study past events

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A Greek theaterA Greek theater

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Athenians and Spartans Go to Athenians and Spartans Go to WarWar

War BeginsWar Begins431 B.C. Sparta declares war on Athens—431 B.C. Sparta declares war on Athens—

the beginning of the Peloponnesian War.the beginning of the Peloponnesian War.Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

Sparta has a better army.Sparta has a better army.Athens has a better navy.Athens has a better navy.Plague strikes Athens in 430 B.C., kills Plague strikes Athens in 430 B.C., kills

many—including Pericles.many—including Pericles.Sparta and Athens sign a truce in 421 B.C.Sparta and Athens sign a truce in 421 B.C.

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Plague in Athens DescribedPlague in Athens Described

““People in good health were all of a People in good health were all of a sudden attacked by violent heats in the sudden attacked by violent heats in the head, and redness and inflammation in head, and redness and inflammation in the eyes, the inward parts, such as the the eyes, the inward parts, such as the throat or tongue, becoming bloody and throat or tongue, becoming bloody and emitting an unnatural and fetid breath. emitting an unnatural and fetid breath. These symptoms were followed by These symptoms were followed by sneezing and hoarseness, after which sneezing and hoarseness, after which the pain soon reached the chest, and the pain soon reached the chest, and produced a hard cough……..”produced a hard cough……..”

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Plague in Athens DescribedPlague in Athens Described “…“…..Externally the body was….reddish, livid, ..Externally the body was….reddish, livid,

and breaking out into small pustules and and breaking out into small pustules and ulcers….They succumbed, as in most cases, ulcers….They succumbed, as in most cases, on the seventh or eighth day, to the internal on the seventh or eighth day, to the internal inflammation…But if they passed this stage, inflammation…But if they passed this stage, and the disease descended further into the and the disease descended further into the bowels, inducing a violent ulceration there bowels, inducing a violent ulceration there accompanied by severe diarrhea, this accompanied by severe diarrhea, this brought on weakness which was generally brought on weakness which was generally fatal….This disorderfatal….This disorder.….settled in the privy parts, the fingers and .….settled in the privy parts, the fingers and the toes, and many escaped with the loss of the toes, and many escaped with the loss of these, some too with that of their eyes.”these, some too with that of their eyes.”

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44thth Century B.C. Hoplite Century B.C. Hoplite

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Athenians and Spartans Go to Athenians and Spartans Go to WarWar

Sparta Gains VictorySparta Gains Victory415 B.C. Athens renews war, attacks 415 B.C. Athens renews war, attacks

Syracuse on the island of Sicily.Syracuse on the island of Sicily.Athens is defeated in 413 B.C.Athens is defeated in 413 B.C.Athens and its allies surrender to Sparta Athens and its allies surrender to Sparta

in 404 B.C.in 404 B.C.

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Battle of Syracuse in Battle of Syracuse in Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

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Philosophers Search for TruthPhilosophers Search for Truth

Rise of Great PhilosophersRise of Great PhilosophersAfter the war, thinkers emerge who are After the war, thinkers emerge who are

called “lovers of wisdom.” This is from called “lovers of wisdom.” This is from the Greek words:the Greek words:phileo-to lovephileo-to lovesophia—wisdomsophia—wisdom

Philosophers believe the universe is Philosophers believe the universe is subject to absolute and unchanging subject to absolute and unchanging laws.laws.

People could understand these laws People could understand these laws through logic and reason.through logic and reason.

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Philosophers Search for TruthPhilosophers Search for Truth

The SophistsThe Sophists The word means “the wisest,” so they were The word means “the wisest,” so they were

proud of their supposed philosophical proud of their supposed philosophical knowledge.knowledge.

They claimed they could find the answers to all They claimed they could find the answers to all questions.questions.

They used rhetoric to win arguments.They used rhetoric to win arguments. They often charged fees for teaching their They often charged fees for teaching their

skills and for arguing for others. They might be skills and for arguing for others. They might be considered a type of lawyer of the time.considered a type of lawyer of the time.

Sophist philosopher Protogoras questions the Sophist philosopher Protogoras questions the existence of Greek gods.existence of Greek gods.

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Philosophers Search for TruthPhilosophers Search for Truth

SocratesSocratesHe believes in questioning and teaches He believes in questioning and teaches

through the method of questioning.through the method of questioning.He is believed to have said “The He is believed to have said “The

unexamined life is not worth living.”unexamined life is not worth living.”He is convicted of “corrupting the youth He is convicted of “corrupting the youth

of Athens and sentenced to death in 399 of Athens and sentenced to death in 399 B.C.B.C.

He dies by drinking hemlock, a slow He dies by drinking hemlock, a slow acting poison.acting poison.

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Philosophers Search for TruthPhilosophers Search for Truth

PlatoPlatoHe is a student of Socrates.He is a student of Socrates.He writes He writes The RepublicThe Republic, about an ideal , about an ideal

society ruled by Philosopher-Kingssociety ruled by Philosopher-KingsHis writings dominate European His writings dominate European

philosophy for 1,500 years.philosophy for 1,500 years.

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Philosophers Search for TruthPhilosophers Search for Truth

AristotleAristotleHe was a student of Plato.He was a student of Plato.He uses rules of logic for argument.He uses rules of logic for argument.His work provides the basis for scientific His work provides the basis for scientific

method, still used today.method, still used today.He tutors 13-year-old prince who He tutors 13-year-old prince who

becomes Alexander the Greatbecomes Alexander the Great

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