5/20/14. composition 78% nitrogen (n 2 ) released when living things decay and volcanoes erupt 21%...
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5/20/14
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Composition78% Nitrogen (N2)
Released when living things decay and volcanoes erupt
21% Oxygen (O2)Produced by plants and some
protists during photosynthesis1% Various Atmospheric
GasesWater vapor Carbon Dioxide
Solid particles such as dirt, dust, and ash are carried in air
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Atmospheric PressureAtmosphere is held in
place by Earth’s gravityGravity pulls on gas
molecules
Air pressureStronger near surfaceWeaker the further away
Altitude Air Pressure
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Atmospheric TemperatureAir temperature
changes as you increase altitudeSections of warmer
and colder temperatures
Temperature changes based on how solar energy is absorbedType of gases affect
solar absorption
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Layers of AtmosphereDivided into four
layers based on temperatureTroposphereStratosphereMesosphereThermosphere
“-sphere” each layer surrounds the Earth like a hollow ball
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TroposphereLowest layer of the
atmosphereWe live here
Densest of the four layers90% of
atmosphere’s total mass
Layer in which weather occurs
Extends to 6-7 miles (~33,000 ft) above Earth’s surface
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StratosphereLocated above the
troposphereAir is very thin and
contains little moistureFew clouds exist here
Contains the Ozone Layer (O3)Protects from UV rays
Ranges from 7-31 miles above the Earth’s surface
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MesosphereLocated above the
stratosphereColdest layer of the
atmosphereAs low as -90oC (-
130oF)Difficult to study layer
Weather balloons and aircraft cannot reach layer
Extends from 31-53 miles above Earth’s surface
Mesospheric Clouds
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ThermosphereUppermost atmospheric
layer Warmest layer of the
atmosphereAs high as 1,700oC (3,100oF)Influenced by solar radiation
Contains the Ionosphere and Aurora borealisElectrically charged particles
Extends from 56-311 (or 621) miles above Earth’s surface
International Space Station