5.1 energy & photosynthesis chapter 9. energy: all organisms require energy for survival all...
TRANSCRIPT
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5.1 Energy & PhotosynthesisChapter 9
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Energy: All organisms require energy for
survival All energy in food ultimately comes from
the sun
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Energy: How do we get it? Make it! Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food (glucose) using energy from the sun
Examples: plants, algae & some bacteria
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Energy: How do we get it? Eat it! Heterotrophs
Organisms that eat plants or animals to get energy
Examples: animals & fungi
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Energy: What’s it all for? Why do organisms need energy?
To move, breathe & reproduce
Why do cells need energy? Active transport, cell division & make
biomolecules
Where does energy come from? Food: Carbs – quick energy; Lipids – long
term energy
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Energy Molecules:
ATP
ADP
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Energy Molecules: ATP ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
1 ribose (sugar) molecule 3 phosphate groups Adenine (nitrogenous base)
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Energy Molecules: ADP ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
1 ribose (sugar) molecule 2 phosphate groups Adenine (nitrogenous base) Created when ATP loses energy & a
phosphate
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Energy Molecules
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So what happens? ATP ADP
Bond between 2nd & 3rd phosphate is broken
Energy is released Energy can be used by the cell
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So what happens? ADP ATP
Energy is stored when 3rd phosphate adds to ADP
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How do cells get ATP? Break down carbohydrates & lipids
Creates energy – energy used to make ATP
Where do animals get carbohydrates & lipids from? Their FOOD
That food is produced by autotrophs in the process of photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis Ability to
capture light energy from the sun and change it into chemical bond energy while making oxygen
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Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Photosynthesis Questions: Where does it occur in plants? What are the reactants? How do the reactants get into the plant? What are the products? What happens to the products?
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Location? In the chloroplast of plant cells
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Where does it occur?
Chloroplast structure:
Thylakoids:Sacs of membrane with pigment molecules
Grana:Stacks of thylakoids
Stroma:Liquid surrounding thylakoidsContains enzymes for PS
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Photosynthesis process Occur in two steps:
Light-dependent reactions Purpose: Make energy for light-independent
reactions Light-independent reactions
Also called Calvin cycle Purpose: Use energy from light reactions to make
glucose
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Light-dependent Reactions
Light-independent
Reactions
Glucose
thylakoid Electrons
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Photosynthesis process:light-dependent reactions
Location: Thylakoids1.Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll2.Energy used to make ATP3.Electrons are stored for Calvin Cycle
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Photosynthesis process:light-dependent reactions4. Water is split to produce oxygen and
hydrogen atoms 2H2O + Light 2H2 + O2
Oxygen is released as a product
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Photosynthesis process:light-dependent reactions
Used:
Light energy
H2O
Made:
ATP
electrons
Oxygen (product)
Light-independent rxns
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Photosynthesis process:light-independent reactions Called Calvin cycle
No light required!
Location: Stroma of chloroplast
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Photosynthesis process:light-independent reactions
1. ATP broken apart to release energy ATP ADP + P + energy
2. Energy used to bond electrons with CO2 to make glucose
1. Equation: CO2 + H2 C6H12O6
3. ADP goes back to light reactions to get recharged
Turned back into ATP
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Photosynthesis process:light-independent reactions
Used:
CO2
ATP (from light rxns)
Electrons (from light rxns)
Made:
GLUCOSE !!!
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Photosynthesis review: Where did the CO2 come from?
How did water enter the plant?
What absorbed the sunlight?
What reactant is used in the light-independent reactions?
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Photosynthesis questions: What is made in the light-dependent
reactions that is used in the light-independent reactions?
What reactant is responsible for making oxygen?
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Photosynthesis questions Where do the light-dependent reactions
take place?
Where do the light-independent reactions take place?
What is the final product of the light-independent reactions?
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H
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Factors that influence PS Rates Lack of water
Example/Adaptation: Desert plants/conifers (pines): waxy
coating and “needle” leaves to reduce water loss
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Factors that influence PS Rates Temperature: influences enzymes
involved in the PS reactions What is the best temperature?
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Factors that Influence PS rates Intensity of light (varies by plant)
Excess UV rays/sunlight can decrease PS