Secondary TwoTopic: Bones and

JointsSub Topic: Bones

Content Purpose• Students will know and identify the various parts of the bone

Language Purpose• Cartilage

• Compact bone• Marrow cavity• Periosteum• Spongy bone• Epiphysis• Diaphysis

Social Purpose• One conversation• Respect the questions asked• Putting of palm on whiteboard• Class too noisy and need to

quieten down

Trivial Time!

CLOSE all textbooks!

Question 1

How many bones are there in an adult human skeleton?

206

Question 2

Who has more bones? Adult or newborn infant?

Newborn infant The skeleton of a newborn baby has approximately 300 different

components, which are a mixture of bones and cartilage. The cartilage eventually solidifies into bone in a process called ossification — for example, the kneecaps of newborns start off as cartilage and become bone in a few years.

Over time, the "extra" bones in infants fuse to form larger bones, reducing the overall number of bones to 206 by adulthood.

Question 3

Where can you find most of your bones in the body?

Hands (27 each)and

Legs (26 each)

Question 4

How many bones are there in our skull?

8 pieces(fused together)

Question 5

Which is the smallest bone in the human skeleton?

Stape(at the ear)

Question 6

Which is the longest bone in the human skeleton?

Femur(thigh bone, ~1/4 of body

height)

Question 7

Are the teeth part of the 206 bones?

No(But our teeth are

stronger than our bones!)

Parts of a BoneEpiphysisDiaphysis (aka

Shaft)CartilageCompact boneMarrow cavity

◦ Blood vessels◦ Bone marrow

PeriosteumSpongy bone

Parts of a Bone (Overall)Epiphysis

◦ The end part of the bone

Parts of a Bone (Overall)Diaphysis (aka

Shaft)◦It forms the

main length of the bone.

Parts of a Bone (Cartilage)Cartilage

◦ The protective layer that wraps around the epiphysis

◦ Cushions the rubbing action between bones at the joints

Parts of a Bone (Cartilage)Ways that

cartilage will be damaged:◦ Direct impact;◦ Wear and tear;◦ Lack of exercise.

Signs and symptoms◦ Swelling◦ Stiffness at joint◦ Range limitation

Parts of a Bone (Compact Bone)Compact bone

◦ Thinnest part of bone

◦ Hard and strong◦ Forms main part

of bone◦ Gets thicker with

training (i.e. better protected from injuries)

Parts of a Bone (Compact Bone)

Parts of a Bone (Marrow Cavity)Marrow cavity

◦ Soft yellow pulp (consist of red and yellow marrow)

◦ Yellow marrow made of fats

◦ Red marrow produces (red and white) blood cells

Parts of a Bone (Periosteum)Periosteum

◦ Tough fibrous skin◦ Underneath side

responsible for bone growth (sideward)

◦ The bone growth is also responsible for the repair of bone when crack or broken

Parts of a Bone (Spongy Bone)Spongy bone

◦ Located inside the epiphysis

◦ It is less dense as compared to the compact bone

◦ Hard, light and strong

◦ Absorbs shock◦ Contains red

marrow which produces blood cells

Parts of a Bone (Spongy Bone)

Lets Recap!

• Cartilage• Compact bone• Marrow cavity• Periosteum• Spongy bone• Epiphysis• Diaphysis