Name Job Salary Other Totalwali manager 1000 200 1200khan teacher 4000 400 4400asad carpenter 5002 400 5402karim director 400 10 410Using PercentageName Job Salary Other Foodwali manager 1000 200 500khan teacher 4000 400 2000asad carpenter 5002 400 2501karim director 400 10 200Finding BenefitsItems !rchased Sold "ene#itcomp!ter 10000 20000 10000$edio 5000 10000 5000Finding Benefits with QuantityItems !rchased Sold %!antity "ene#itcomp!ter 1 2 1 1$edio 1000 1001 1 1Giving an specific discount to an ItmesTariq:For coculating a cell such as addition,subtraction,multiplication and division the functions are asfollow.=salary+other,=salaryother,=salary*other,=salaryotherTariq:To use percenatege the formula is.=salary*!"#"" and if u want to cut or reduce the fomula is changed. =salary*$!"#""Tariq:For finding the benefit of of an items we have the below function. =%urchase+&old$&oldTariq:'nd what is we have the amount of items ( mean its quantity, so the foumula is =&old*)uantity$%urchasedItem rice %!antity &isco!nt '(tended rice Totalcomp!ter 1000 2 10* 200 1+00Giving Discount Using Conditions with If/AndItem rice %!antity &isco!nt '(tended rice Total,omp!ter -0000 - 10* .-000 .24000Giving Discount Using Condition with If/rItem rice %!antity &isco!nt '(tended rice Total,omp!ter -0000 5 10* .0000 2/0000Using IF with PercentageName 0ob salary other 1rade "on!swali teacher 1000 200 2 500khan teacher 4000 400 " 1000Tariq:For finding the discount of and item the fomula is.=%rice*)uantity**icount*#""+Tariq:'nd for finding the e,act price of an item we need for a total and formula is.=%rice*)uantity$-,tended %riceTariq:To use ifand be sure to .now that and is a function where every condition must be the same li.e the others,if one of the conditions are not true the result is false and the formula is.=(F/'0*/%rice1!""",)uantity1!2,salary*)uantity**iscount#""+,34atch 0ot Found32 and to .now the e,act price in total write this formula. =%rice*)uantity$-,tended %riceTariq:5sing (f6r is a little different with function and. (n 6r function if any of given condition in or is true, so the result is positive. 'nd formula is.=(F/6r/%rice1!""",)uantity1!2,%rice*)uantity**iscount*#""+,34atch 0ot Found32Tariq:To give bonus with percentage the fomula is.=if/7rade=3'3,salary*!"#"",if/7rade=383,salary*9!#""22 and close the fomula with parantheses according to the count of if.Name'nglish &ari 3ath Total 4es!ltwali 100 100 100 .00 5e is passed 1stkarim 100 40 -0 200 5e is 0!st #ailedchanging the Do!!ar Currency to anothers&ollar 2#g 4s &ollar 2#g 4s1 45 40 1 45 40100 4500 4000 1 45 400 0Finding ones "tarting Date and #nding Datename program S6date '6date &ays 4es!ltwali word 1717200. 2727200. .1 5is time is #inishedkarim e(cel 1717200.17207200. 18 5istimeisnot#inishedyetTariq:To give bonus with percentage the fomula is.=if/7rade=3'3,salary*!"#"",if/7rade=383,salary*9!#""22 and close the fomula with parantheses according to the count of if.Tariq:To find out the result of students through (F function the formula is.=(f/Total19:",3;e is passed #st3,(F/Total19!",3;e is passed 9nd3,(F/Total000?00 "'( FunctionItems ,ost Sal;age 500?00=5>500?00 Tariq:To find someoneEs age we must have the form above. 'nd the functions which are used are as bellow.=F60F'T-0'T-/3@our age is3,3 3,?(7;T/@-'?/current *ate$8irthday2,92,3 3,3years of 6ld32Tariq:(t is used for depreciation of an 'sset.-,:@ou bought an item under #"""" thousands ?s,but you paid #""" thousands as advance the you will pay the rest G""" thousand ?s in Hife and periods( mean in one year at one time or in #9 months the ?esult comes G""" thousands ?s.Fomula is.=*8/Fost,&alvage,Hife,%eriod,4onth2Tariq:(t is =ust li.e the above function *b. Formual is. =ddb/Fost,&olvage,Hifel,%eriod2and to see the e,act price in total the formula is =salvage+?esultTariq:&H0 returns the straight$line depreciation of an asset for one period.The formual is =&H0/Fost,&alvage,Hife2 -nter Total =&alvage+?esultP)*name 4ate N7eriod ; Totalwali 5* 2 1000 =5./?+0 IP)*Name 4ate er No N7eriod ; Totalwali 5* 1 2 1000 =50?00 5* 2 2 1000 =25?-1 Total Interest =/5?-1 PP)*name 4ate er No N7eriod ; Totalwali 5* 1 2 1000 =4+/?+0 5* 2 2 1000 =512?20 resent ;al!e =1>000?00 I"P)*Tariq:&H0 returns the straight$line depreciation of an asset for one period.The formual is =&H0/Fost,&alvage,Hife2 -nter Total =&alvage+?esultTariq:Falculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate. The formula is. =%4T/rate,0per,pv2Tariq:?eturns the interest payment for a given period for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate or simple only show the benefit of an interest and the fomula is =(%4T/?ate,%er,0per,$%v2Tariq:?eturns the payment on the principal for a given period for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate or it shows our own or e,act money we paid plus every periodEs benefit. The formula is.= %%4T/?ate,0per,%er,$pv2 Ce use the sighn of minus only if we receive any money or when we pay the money there is no need of minus sign.name 4ate er No N7eriod ; Totalwali 5* 1 2 1000 25+ateName N7eriod mt ; Totalwali 2 =5./?+01000 5*(perName 4ate mt ; Totalwali 5* =5./?+01000 2PvName 4ate N7eroid mt Totalwali 5* 2 =5./?+0=1>000?00 Tariq:Falculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment or simply show only the specific period of an interest theformulais.=(&%4T/?ate,%er,0per,$%v2Tariq: ?eturns the interest rate per period of an annuity or it is used to find the rate of a payment. The formual is.=?ate/0per,%mt,$%v2Tariq:?eturns the number of periods for an investment. Formula is =0%-?/?ate,%mt,$%v2Tariq:?eturns the present value of an investment or find the presend Ialue of an investment and the formual is =%I/?ate,0per,$%mt2FvName 4ate N7eriod mt ; Total:ali 5* 12 =100?001000 =2>2+4?1- Datename &ate year month dayharoon 1717200. 200. 1 1Dateva!uename 0oin6date &ate;al!eharoon 1717200. ./-22Tariq:?eturns the future value of an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. For -,ample:&uppose you want to save money for a special pro=ect occurring a year from now. @ou deposit J#,""" into a savings account that earns ! percent annual interest compounded monthly /monthly interest of !+#9, or ".!+2. @ou plan to deposit J#"" at the beginning of every month for the ne,t #9 months. ;ow much money will be in the account at the end of #9 monthsK The formual is.=FI/?ate#9,0period,$%mt,$%v2Tariq:?eturns the serial number that represents a particular date. -,:Ce write the year, month and day in separate cells and then ma.e a complete date from them by using date and the formula is.=*ate/@ear,month,day2Tariq:?eturns the serial number of the date represented by dateLte,t. 5se *'T-I'H5- to convert a date represented by te,t to a serial number the formual is =*'T-I'H5-/3##A32Using Day, )onth and -ear name 0oin6date &ate;al!e&ay 3onth 9earharoon 1717200. ./-22 1 1 200.Days./0name Start@&ate 'nd@&ateTotal &ayssameer 17172002 1717200. .-0Using *imeva!ue, 1our,)inute and "econdname Time Time;al!e5o!r 3in!te Second3!sta#a 4A55A40 0?205.24 4 55 40Tariq:(n this formul Ce want fo find the day, month, and year from the datevalue or from the datevaluEs serial number and the formula is for each functions are as below.=*'@/*atevalue or its serial number2,=460T;/*atevalue or its serial number2=@-'?/*atevalue or its serial number2Tariq:?eturns the number of days between two dates based on a AB"$day year /twelve A"$day months2, which is used in some accounting calculations. 5se this function to help compute payments if your accounting system is based on twelve A"$day months.The formula is.=*'@&AB"/&tart$*ate,-nd$*ate,True2Tariq:(n these functions first we usetimevalue which is followed by this function.=T(4-I'H5-/3>:!!:>"32 and then we are going to find the its hour,minute and seond which are following as below. =;65?/Timevalue2,=4(05T-/Timevalue2,=&-F60*/Timevalue2Using *oday and (ow+71472015 BBB#dates6date 2 month be#ore1717200. 163ar60.#omonthdate day1717200. 2+6FebS6date '6date 5oliday Networkdays17172002 1717200. 47472002 2-1$ee%numdate weekn!m1717200. 'rrA504$or%days6date days holiday :orkdaysdays1717200. . 2727200. -6Jan60. -Tariq:Today ?eturns the serial number of the current date and now?eturns the serial number of the current date and time.-,amples as.=Today/2,=0ow/2Tariq:?eturns the serial number that represents the date that is the indicated number of months before or after a specified date.-,: =-date/s$date,92if it is only 9 it shows the date before s$date and if it is $9 shows date after s$date. Then from format select cell a style date.Tariq:?eturns the serial number for the last day of the month that is the indicated number of months before or after startLdate. -,:=-6460T;/*'T-,#2if # shows before or if $# shows after.Tariq:?eturns the number of whole wor.ing days between startLdate and endLdate. Cor.ing days e,clude wee.ends and any dates identified in holidays.-,:=networ.days/s$date,e$date,holiday2Tariq:?eturns a number that indicates where the wee. falls numerically within a year.=C--M054/*'T-2equal #.Tariq:?eturns a number that indicates where the wee. falls numerically within a year.=C6?M*'@/&$*'T-,*'@&,;6H(*'@&2and use the day function to .now the finals days.=day/wor.days2equal B )ath 2 *rigA3s=1>000?00 1000Cei!ingItems rice ,'I.>9, use the formula =F-(H(07/>.>9,"."!2 to round prices up to the nearest. -,:=F-(H(07/9.!,#2=A, =F-(H(07/#.!,".#2=#.!, =F-(H(07/#""".!",#2=#""#Tariq:Founts the number of cells surrounded by a range that meet the given criteria.-,:=F650T(F/&-H-FT T;- ?'07-,#"""2(t returns two #""".Tariq:-ven show whether the value is even or not.-,:=-I-0/B2=B6dd show wether the value is odd or not. -,:=6dd/!2=!F!oorItem ricewith #loorcomp!ter 1000?5 1000Power5 2 2525"ign10 1Using "um 2 "umif"um. 2 5Tariq:?ounds number down, toward Nero. -,:=FH66?/9.!,#2=9, =FH66?/#""".!",#2=#"""Tariq:?eturns the result of a number raised to a power or The 3O3 operator can be used instead of %6C-? to indicate to what power the base number is to be raised, such as in !O9. -,: =%6C-?/!,92equal 9!, =!O9Tariq:*etermines the sign of a number. ?eturns # if the number is positive, Nero /"2 if the number is ", and $# if the number is negative.=&(70/#"2equals #, =&(70/>$>2equals ", =&(70/$#"2equal $#Tariq:'dds all the numbers in a range of cells. -,:=&54/A,92equal !"umifsalary1000500010005000200010000"u3tota!Salary10000100050001004025"tatistica! FunctionsAverage 2 Averageasalary100120012001000+/5+/5Tariq:'dds the cells specified by a given criteria.-,:=&54(F/'HH &'H'?@ ?'7-,#"""2equal 9"""=&54(F/'HH T;- &'H'?@,31>"""32equal #""""Tariq:?eturns a subtotal in a list or database. 6nce the subtotal list is created, you can modify it by editing the &58T6T'H function.-,:=&58T6T'H/# 6? F50FT(60L054,?'07 6F &'H'?@2#='I-?'7-, 9=F650T,A=F650T',>=4'P,!=4(0,G=&54Tariq:?eturns the average =average/your list number2 Tariq:Falculates the average (n addition to numbers, te,t and logical values such as T?5- and F'H&- are included in the calculation. =averagea/your number or te,t list2Count,Counta 2Count3!an%Salary10001.00te(t10001000451Countifsalary10005000+000-00012)a4 2 'argesalary 100001000500010010100005000Tariq:Falculates the average (n addition to numbers, te,t and logical values such as T?5- and F'H&- are included in the calculation. =averagea/your number or te,t list2Tariq:Founts the number of cells that contain numbers and numbers within the list of arguments. 5se F650T to get the number of entries in a number field in a range or array of numbers.you can count up to A" values in different columns. -,:=F650T/&-H-FT T;- ?'07- 6F 0548-?&26? counta counts both number and te,t -,:=F650T'/&-H-FT T;- ?'07- 6F 0548-? '0* T-PT2Tariq:Founts empty cells in a specified range of cells.=F650T8H'0M/&-H-FT T;- ?'07-2Tariq:Founts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria.=F650T(F/T;- &'H'?@ ?'07-,#"""2-qual #=F650T(F/T;- &'H'?@ ?'07-,31!"""32-qual 9Tariq:.eturns the largest value in a set of values%#6(7,S(8(.) .(9:!-equal 1++++Tariq:5se large if u want to find the second biggest number after first one. =H'?7-/&'H'?@ ?'07-,92equal !""")in 2 "ma!!salary10000100050001001010100'oo%up 2 +eferenceChooseName "ranch No " ,3Cednesday3,if/Cee.day=!,3Thurday3,if/Cee.day=B,3Friday3,if/Cee.day=D,3&aturday32222222Tariq:To find someoneEs age we must have the form above. 'nd the functions which are used are as bellow.=F60F'T-0'T-/3@our age is3,3 3,?(7;T/@-'?/current *ate$8irthday2,92,3 3,3years of 6ld32Tariq:(t is used for depreciation of an 'sset.-,:@ou bought an item under #"""" thousands ?s,but you paid #""" thousands as advance the you will pay the rest G""" thousand ?s in Hife and periods( mean in one year at one time or in #9 months the ?esult comes G""" thousands ?s.Fomula is.=*8/Fost,&alvage,Hife,%eriod,4onth2Tariq:(t is =ust li.e the above function *b. Formual is. =ddb/Fost,&olvage,Hifel,%eriod2and to see the e,act price in total the formula is =salvage+?esultTariq:&H0 returns the straight$line depreciation of an asset for one period.The formual is =&H0/Fost,&alvage,Hife2 -nter Total =&alvage+?esultTariq:&H0 returns the straight$line depreciation of an asset for one period.The formual is =&H0/Fost,&alvage,Hife2 -nter Total =&alvage+?esultTariq:Falculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments and a constant interest rate. The formula is. =%4T/rate,0per,pv2Tariq:?eturns the interest payment for a given period for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate or simple only show the benefit of an interest and the fomula is =(%4T/?ate,%er,0per,$%v2Tariq:?eturns the payment on the principal for a given period for an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate or it shows our own or e,act money we paid plus every periodEs benefit. The formula is.= %%4T/?ate,0per,%er,$pv2 Ce use the sighn of minus only if we receive any money or when we pay the money there is no need of minus sign.Tariq:Falculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment or simply show only the specific period of an interest theformulais.=(&%4T/?ate,%er,0per,$%v2Tariq: ?eturns the interest rate per period of an annuity or it is used to find the rate of a payment. The formual is.=?ate/0per,%mt,$%v2Tariq:?eturns the number of periods for an investment. Formula is =0%-?/?ate,%mt,$%v2Tariq:?eturns the present value of an investment or find the presend Ialue of an investment and the formual is =%I/?ate,0per,$%mt2Tariq:?eturns the future value of an investment based on periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. For -,ample:&uppose you want to save money for a special pro=ect occurring a year from now. @ou deposit J#,""" into a savings account that earns ! percent annual interest compounded monthly /monthly interest of !+#9, or ".!+2. @ou plan to deposit J#"" at the beginning of every month for the ne,t #9 months. ;ow much money will be in the account at the end of #9 monthsK The formual is.=FI/?ate#9,0period,$%mt,$%v2Tariq:?eturns the serial number that represents a particular date. -,:Ce write the year, month and day in separate cells and then ma.e a complete date from them by using date and the formula is.=*ate/@ear,month,day2Tariq:?eturns the serial number of the date represented by dateLte,t. 5se *'T-I'H5- to convert a date represented by te,t to a serial number the formual is =*'T-I'H5-/3##A32Tariq:(n this formul Ce want fo find the day, month, and year from the datevalue or from the datevaluEs serial number and the formula is for each functions are as below.=*'@/*atevalue or its serial number2,=460T;/*atevalue or its serial number2=@-'?/*atevalue or its serial number2Tariq:?eturns the number of days between two dates based on a AB"$day year /twelve A"$day months2, which is used in some accounting calculations. 5se this function to help compute payments if your accounting system is based on twelve A"$day months.The formula is.=*'@&AB"/&tart$*ate,-nd$*ate,True2Tariq:(n these functions first we usetimevalue which is followed by this function.=T(4-I'H5-/3>:!!:>"32 and then we are going to find the its hour,minute and seond which are following as below. =;65?/Timevalue2,=4(05T-/Timevalue2,=&-F60*/Timevalue2Tariq:Today ?eturns the serial number of the current date and now?eturns the serial number of the current date and time.-,amples as.=Today/2,=0ow/2Tariq:?eturns the number of whole wor.ing days between startLdate and endLdate. Cor.ing days e,clude wee.ends and any dates identified in holidays.-,:=networ.days/s$date,e$date,holiday2Tariq:?eturns a number that indicates where the wee. falls numerically within a year.=C6?M*'@/&$*'T-,*'@&,;6H(*'@&2and use the day function to .now the finals days.=day/wor.days2equal B Tariq:?eturns number rounded up, away from Nero, to the nearest multiple of significance. For e,ample, if you want to avoid using pennies in your prices and your product is priced at J>.>9, use the formula =F-(H(07/>.>9,"."!2 to round prices up to the nearest. -,:=F-(H(07/9.!,#2=A, =F-(H(07/#.!,".#2=#.!, =F-(H(07/#""".!",#2=#""#Tariq:-ven show whether the value is even or not.-,:=-I-0/B2=B6dd show wether the value is odd or not. -,:=6dd/!2=!Tariq:?eturns the result of a number raised to a power or The 3O3 operator can be used instead of %6C-? to indicate to what power the base number is to be raised, such as in !O9. -,: =%6C-?/!,92equal 9!, =!O9Tariq:*etermines the sign of a number. ?eturns # if the number is positive, Nero /"2 if the number is ", and $# if the number is negative.=&(70/#"2equals #, =&(70/>$>2equals ", =&(70/$#"2equal $#Tariq:'dds all the numbers in a range of cells. -,:=&54/A,92equal !Tariq:Founts the number of cells that contain numbers and numbers within the list of arguments. 5se F650T to get the number of entries in a number field in a range or array of numbers.you can count up to A" values in different columns. -,:=F650T/&-H-FT T;- ?'07- 6F 0548-?&26? counta counts both number and te,t -,:=F650T'/&-H-FT T;- ?'07- 6F 0548-? '0* T-PT2Tariq:Founts empty cells in a specified range of cells.=F650T8H'0M/&-H-FT T;- ?'07-2Tariq:F;66&- to select one of up to 9G values based on the inde, number.=F;66&-/8?'0F;Q,0-C @6?M,H60*60,T6?'0T6,M'85H2Tariq:?eturns data stored in a %ivotTable report. @ou can use 7-T%(I6T*'T' to retrieve summary data from a %ivotTable report, provided the summary data is visible in the report. First of all we ma.e a piovtable from our e,isting table and then we this function. -,:=7-T%(6I6T*'T'/&54 6F &'H'?@,&';(H2-qual #""""Tariq:Freates a shortcut or =ump that opens a document stored on a networ. server, an intranet, or the (nternet. Chen you clic. the cell that contains the ;@%-?H(0M function, 4icrosoft -,cel opens the file stored at lin.Llocation.-,:=;@%-?H(0M/F:RC(0*C6&R06T-%'*.-P-,FH(FM T6 ;'I- 06T-%'* 6%-02 and if u want to open an office program. -,:=;@%-?H(0M/F:R%?67?'4 F(H-&R4(F?6&6FT 6FF(F-R6FF(F-RC(0C6?*.-P-,FH(FM ;-?- T6 6%-0 C6?*2Tariq:?eturns the reference specified by a te,t string. ?eferences are immediately evaluated to display their contents.-,: =(0*(?-FT/'!G9,-4T@ 6? F'H&-2equal name and if the return type is false you have to write ?!G9F9 instead of '!G9.Tariq:(t loo.s for a value in a vector. -,:H66M5%/7B#! 6? ;'?660,&-H-FT T;- 0'4- ?'07- C(65T 65T (T& ;-'*(07,&-H-FT &'H'?@ C(T;65T (T& ;-'*(072and we must do the action of sort assending and dessending on name.Tariq:(t loo.s for a value in a vector. -,:H66M5%/7B#! 6? ;'?660,&-H-FT T;- 0'4- ?'07- C(65T 65T (T& ;-'*(07,&-H-FT &'H'?@ C(T;65T (T& ;-'*(072and we must do the action of sort assending and dessending on name.Tariq:5se 4'TF; instead of one of the H66M5% functions when you need the position of an item in a range instead of the item itself.-,:=4'TF;/7B9D 6? #""",&'H'?@ ?'07-,#2(t has three option if u write # it finds the largest value,if you write $# finds the smallest value and if u write " it findsthe first or e,act value.Tariq:.eturns a reference to a range that is a speci&ed num;er of ro"s and columns from a cell or range of cells%!3-equal 5+++ Tariq:*count: Founts the cells that contain numbers in a column in a list or database that match conditions you specify.*sum:'dds the numbers in a column in a list or database that match conditions you specify.*ma,:?eturns the largest value in a set of values.*average:'verages the values in a column in a list or database that match conditions you specify*min:?eturns the smallest number in a set of values.for all the functions we have the same formuala is below.e,:=*F650T/*'T'8'&-,&'H'?@,&-H-FT 0'4-, &'H'?@,6I-?T(4- 'T 60F-2Chile *get is different from those in above.*get:-,tracts a single value from a column in a list or database that matches conditions you specify. Formula is.=*7-T/*'T'8'&-,0'4-,0'4-,&'H'?@,6I-?T(4- 'HH 'T 60F- 45&T 8- &-H-FT-*2equal sameer. only shows single names.Tariq:*count: Founts the cells that contain numbers in a column in a list or database that match conditions you specify.*sum:'dds the numbers in a column in a list or database that match conditions you specify.*ma,:?eturns the largest value in a set of values.*average:'verages the values in a column in a list or database that match conditions you specify*min:?eturns the smallest number in a set of values.for all the functions we have the same formuala is below.e,:=*F650T/*'T'8'&-,&'H'?@,&-H-FT 0'4-, &'H'?@,6I-?T(4- 'T 60F-2Chile *get is different from those in above.*get:-,tracts a single value from a column in a list or database that matches conditions you specify. Formula is.=*7-T/*'T'8'&-,0'4-,0'4-,&'H'?@,6I-?T(4- 'HH 'T 60F- 45&T 8- &-H-FT-*2equal sameer. only shows single names.Tariq:?eturns the character specified by a number. 5se F;'? to translate code page numbers you might get from files on other types of computers into characters.=F;'?/B!2equal 3'3 (t means B! is the number from which the 3'3 character is made.Tariq:?eturns a numeric code for the first character in a te,t string. The returned code corresponds to the character set used by your computer.-,:=F6*-/'2equal /B!2 means that the character 3'3 is made by number /B!2Tariq:Soins several te,t strings into one te,t string.-,:=F60F'T-0'T-/&'4--?T3 3T&';'?2-qual to &ameer &aharTariq:Soins several te,t strings into one te,t string.-,:=F60F'T-0'T-/&'4--?T3 3T&';'?2-qual to &ameer &aharTariq:Find is used to find a specific character and if you write the small character it finds the small and if you want to find the capital letter so write the letter in uppercase.-,: =F(0*/3-3,&'4--?,#2one means to start from the start of the word.Tariq:&earch is also li.e find, but the only thing between them is that search finds both capital and small letter in a word. -,:=&-'?F;/3-3,&'4--?,#2Tariq:H-FT returns the first character or characters in a te,t string, based on the number of characters you specify. -,: =H-FT/&'4--?,#2-qual 3&3Tariq:?(7;T returns the last character or characters in a te,t string, based on the number of characters you specify. -,: =?(7;T/&'4--?,#2-qual 3?3Tariq:4(* returns a specific number of characters from a te,t string, starting at the position you specify, based on the number of characters you specify. -,: =4(*/&'4--?,#,#2-qual 3&3Tariq:Fonverts all uppercase letters in a te,t string to lowercase.(t means to small letters. -,: =H6C-?/&'4--?2-qual 3sameer3Tariq:Fonverts te,t to uppercase, means to capital letters. -,: =5%%-?/sameer2-qual 3&'4--?3Tariq:FapitaliNes the first letter in a te,t string and any other letters in te,t that follow any character other than a letter. Fonverts all other letters to lowercase letters.-,: =%?6%-?/&'44-?2-qual 3&ameer3Tariq:?eturns T?5- if all its arguments are T?5-U returns F'H&- if one or more arguments is F'H&-.-,: ='0*/9+9=>, 9+A=!2-qual 3True3, if it is not the same or the if one of the addition is wrong the result is false.Tariq:?eturns information about the formatting, location, or contents of the upper$left cell in a reference.?eturns information about the formatting, location, or contents of the upper$left cell in a reference.'**?-&&: ?eference of the first cell in reference, as te,t.=F-HH/3'**?-&&3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2F6H:Folumn number of the cell in reference.=F-HH/3F6H3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2F6H6?: # if the cell is formatted in color for negative valuesU otherwise returns " /Nero2. To format the cell go to format menu and there choose cells and then number and give a color to negative number.=F-HH/3F6H6?3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2F60T-0T&:Fontents of the upper$left cell in reference. =F-HH/3F60T-0T&3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2F(H-0'4-:Filename /including full path2 of the file that contains reference, as te,t. ?eturns empty te,t /332 if the wor.sheet that contains reference has not yet been saved.=F-HH/3F(H-0'4-32F6?4'T: Te,t value corresponding to the number format of the cell. The te,t values for the various formats are shown in the following table. ?eturns 3$3 at the end of the te,t value if the cell is formatted in color for negative values. ?eturns 3/23 at the end of the te,t value if the cell is formatted with parentheses for positive or all values.format the cells from format menu cells.=F-HH/3F6?4'T3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2Tariq:%'?-0T;-&-&:# if the cell is formatted with parentheses for positive or all valuesU otherwise returns ".7ive the cell parentheses from cells and then custom.=F-HH/3%'?-0T;-&-&3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2%?-F(P:Te,t value corresponding to the 3label prefi,3 of the cell. ?eturns single quotation mar. /E2 if the cell contains left$aligned te,t, double quotation mar. /32 if the cell contains right$aligned te,t, caret /O2 if the cell contains centered te,t, bac.slash /R2 if the cell contains fill$aligned te,t, and empty te,t /332 if the cell contains anything else. F-HH/3%?-F(P3,&-H-FT ' F-HH32%?6T-FT:" if the cell is not loc.ed, and # if the cell is loc.ed.Hoc. or unlco. the cells from format menu cells and %rotections.=F-HH/3%?6T-FT3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2?6C:?ow number of the cell in reference. .=F-HH/3?6C3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2T@%-:Te,t value corresponding to the type of data in the cell. ?eturns 3b3 for blan. if the cell is empty, 3l3 for label if the cell contains a te,t constant, and 3v3 for value if the cell contains anything else.F-HH/3T@%-3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2C(*T;:Folumn width of the cell rounded off to an integer. -ach unit of column width is equal to the width of one character in the default font siNe. =F-HH/3C(*T;3,&-H-FT ' F-HH2Tariq:%ath of the current directory or folder.=(0F6/3*(?-FT6?@32Tariq:Furrent operating system version, as te,t. =(0F6/36&I-?&(6032&,ache@Sheet1age 58name 0ob salarywali manager 1000sameer teacher +000sahil prod!cer 10000