500 ce - 1453 ce splits into & middle ages rome constantinople

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500 CE - 1453 CE

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Page 1: 500 CE - 1453 CE SPLITS INTO & Middle Ages ROME CONSTANTINOPLE

500 CE - 1453 CE

Page 2: 500 CE - 1453 CE SPLITS INTO & Middle Ages ROME CONSTANTINOPLE

SPLITSINTO

&

Page 3: 500 CE - 1453 CE SPLITS INTO & Middle Ages ROME CONSTANTINOPLE

Middle AgesMiddle Ages

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ROMEROME

CONSTANTINOPLECONSTANTINOPLE

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1. Constantinople1. Constantinople

A.A. Emperor Emperor Constantine the Constantine the Great renamed Great renamed Byzantium Byzantium (a Greek city) (a Greek city) Constantinople Constantinople (the capital).(the capital).

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B. Its Strategic location on the B. Its Strategic location on the

Bosporus strait Bosporus strait made it a made it a

center of trade center of trade

- Greek, Roman, and Christian - Greek, Roman, and Christian culture spread.culture spread.

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Page 8: 500 CE - 1453 CE SPLITS INTO & Middle Ages ROME CONSTANTINOPLE

The city was protected by a deep moat, and three walls that were The city was protected by a deep moat, and three walls that were 25 feet thick in addition to a25 feet thick in addition to a 14-mile stone wall was built along the 14-mile stone wall was built along the city’s coastline to keep out invaders.city’s coastline to keep out invaders.

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Page 10: 500 CE - 1453 CE SPLITS INTO & Middle Ages ROME CONSTANTINOPLE

2. Emperor Justinian2. Emperor Justiniana. reigned from 527- 565 CEa. reigned from 527- 565 CE

Autocracy-Autocracy- total rule by one total rule by one leader leader

Autocrat- Autocrat- a leader with a leader with ABSOLUTE POWER ABSOLUTE POWER

(over gov’t and church)(over gov’t and church)

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b. There was a b. There was a Golden AgeGolden Age during his during his reign.reign.

c. He wanted to revive the c. He wanted to revive the grandeurgrandeur of of RomeRome

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d. The Justinian Coded. The Justinian Code- Collection of laws- It preserved Roman laws that became preserved Roman laws that became

the basis for medieval and modern the basis for medieval and modern legal systems too.legal systems too.

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Justinian’s Code of LawsJustinian’s Code of LawsLaws were fairer to women. They could own Laws were fairer to women. They could own property and raise their own children after property and raise their own children after their husbands died.their husbands died.Children allowed to choose their own Children allowed to choose their own marriage partners.marriage partners.Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their masters.masters.Punishments were detailed and fit the crimePunishments were detailed and fit the crimeHis work inspired the modern concept and, His work inspired the modern concept and, indeed, the very spelling of "justice".indeed, the very spelling of "justice".

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Byzantine Under JustinianByzantine Under Justinian

Justinian hired Belisarius, a talented Justinian hired Belisarius, a talented general, to reconquer the Roman general, to reconquer the Roman territories lost by Germanic invasionsterritories lost by Germanic invasions

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e. THEODORAe. THEODORA-The strong wife of Justinian-The strong wife of Justinian

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““If flight were the only means of safety, still I If flight were the only means of safety, still I would not flee. Those who have worn the would not flee. Those who have worn the crown should never survive its loss…crown should never survive its loss…Emperor, if you wish to flee, well and good, Emperor, if you wish to flee, well and good, you have the money, the ships are ready, you have the money, the ships are ready, the sea is clear. But I shall stay. I accept the sea is clear. But I shall stay. I accept the ancient saying: Royal purple is the best the ancient saying: Royal purple is the best burial sheet.”burial sheet.”

What did Theodora mean by this quote?What did Theodora mean by this quote?

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- She saved the empire during the - She saved the empire during the Nika Nika RevoltRevolt

- Justinian was going to flee, but Theodora Justinian was going to flee, but Theodora refusedrefused

- Justinian stayed and crushed riotersJustinian stayed and crushed rioters- 30,000 dead in Hippodrome30,000 dead in Hippodrome

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The Byzantine Empire Under JustinianThe Byzantine Empire Under Justinian

3. Economy3. Economy

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A. Byzantines prospered and were the A. Byzantines prospered and were the “New Rome.” “New Rome.”

B. Traded with China and India on the Silk B. Traded with China and India on the Silk Road.Road.

Byzantines produced: gold, silk, grain, olives and Byzantines produced: gold, silk, grain, olives and wine.wine.

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The Silk RoadThe Silk Road

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Constantinople: Constantinople: Europe’s busiest marketplace!Europe’s busiest marketplace!Silk from ChinaSilk from China

Wheat and papyrus from EgyptWheat and papyrus from Egypt

Spices and gems from IndiaSpices and gems from India

Slaves from Western EuropeSlaves from Western Europe

Furs from Northern EuropeFurs from Northern Europe

Tin from EnglandTin from England

Wine from FranceWine from France

Cork from SpainCork from Spain

Ivory and gold from AfricaIvory and gold from Africa

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4. Art & Architecture4. Art & ArchitectureA. The HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”) is a church.A. The HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”) is a church.

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HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)

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Church of Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”)Church of Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”)

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INSIDE THE HAGIA SOPHIAINSIDE THE HAGIA SOPHIA

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B. Mosaics- pictures or designs formed by B. Mosaics- pictures or designs formed by stones, tile or glass (often showed biblical stones, tile or glass (often showed biblical scenes)scenes)

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C. C. IconsIcons- are holy images of Jesus, - are holy images of Jesus, the Virgin Mary and saintsthe Virgin Mary and saints

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Mosaics can be icons and vice versaMosaics can be icons and vice versa

http://mosaicartsource.blogspot.com/2006_09_15_archive.html

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D. The D. The HippodromeHippodrome could hold 60,000 spectators to could hold 60,000 spectators to watch horse races!watch horse races!

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Page 34: 500 CE - 1453 CE SPLITS INTO & Middle Ages ROME CONSTANTINOPLE

5. Religion5. Religion

A. A Schism (permanent split) took place in 1054 between the Eastern Eastern Orthodox ChurchOrthodox Church and Roman Roman Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

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Roman CatholicRoman Catholic Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox

Where?Where?

LeaderLeader

Clergy membersClergy members

LanguageLanguage

Most important Most important dayday

Western Europe Eastern Europe Byzantine Empire

Pope Patriarch

Vow of chastity Allowed to marry

Latin Greek

Christmas Easter

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE KINDS OF CHRISTIANITY?

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THINK!

How does this How does this picture represent picture represent that there became that there became two branches of two branches of Christianity after Christianity after the Roman Empire the Roman Empire fell?fell?

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6. DECLINE6. DECLINE

A. There were political struggles and constant A. There were political struggles and constant attacks by invadersattacks by invadersB. In B. In 1453,1453, Constantinople fell to the Muslim Constantinople fell to the Muslim Ottoman Turks; it was renamed Ottoman Turks; it was renamed IstanbulIstanbul

The Hagia Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom was turned into Muslim Mosque)

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In 1453, Ottoman Turks surrounded In 1453, Ottoman Turks surrounded Constantinople; it took them two months to Constantinople; it took them two months to conquer the city.conquer the city.

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7. LEGACY7. LEGACYA.A. Byzantines blended Hellenistic culture with Byzantines blended Hellenistic culture with

Roman law and engineering Roman law and engineering B.B. Classical Greek and Roman ideas were Classical Greek and Roman ideas were

preserved preserved

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C. Eastern Orthodoxy-Greek & Russian C. Eastern Orthodoxy-Greek & Russian

D. Influenced Eastern Europe (Russian) D. Influenced Eastern Europe (Russian)

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E. THE CYRILLIC ALPHABETE. THE CYRILLIC ALPHABET

Created by monks of Created by monks of the Byzantine Empirethe Byzantine Empire

Spread with Eastern Spread with Eastern Orthodox religion Orthodox religion throughout Greece, throughout Greece, Russia, Eastern Russia, Eastern EuropeEurope

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F. Russian leaders F. Russian leaders were known as were known as czars czars

(like caesar)(like caesar)

The Byzantine tradition The Byzantine tradition of autocratic rule of autocratic rule continued in continued in Russia.Russia.

..

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