5. unit 6 guardians of tradition

7/29/2019 5. Unit 6 Guardians of Tradition

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Unit 6

Guardians of Tradition

Aj. Nachayadar Srithum1006122 English 1

School of Liberal Arts

Mae Fah Luang University


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Unit 6 Guardians of Tradition

Guardian means someone who protectssomething.

Tradition means a belief, principle or way ofacting which people in a particular society or

group have continued to follow for a long time.


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The phrase guardians of tradition is used todescribe people who actively preserve the

customs and traditions of a particular culture or

group. These customs and traditions include a range of

activities and items, from traditional music and

dance to traditional ceremonies and festivals.


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Exercise A (page 57)Look at the pictures of people dancing on

different occasions.

What do you think each dance

represent or symbolizes?


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1. Funeral dace, Mali (a country in West Africa):a rite passage used to escort the spirit of the

dead person to join other dead members of the

community.

2. May Pole dance, England: celebrates spring

fertility, and rebirth, so clothing is the color ofspring flowers.


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3. War dance, New Zealand: symbolizes thestrength and manliness of the warriors and

motivates them in preparation for battle.

4. Debutante ball, Austria: a formal ball (social

event with dancing) in which young men and

women are presented to society as a rite intoentering young adulthood.


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Exercise A (page 58)Read and listen to the conversation.

What do Michael and Jason

dislike about weddings?


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What do Michael and Jasondislike about weddings?

Michael doesnt like dancing and he hates todress up.

Jason dislikes buying expensive gifts.


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GERUNDS

A GERUND is a verb in its "ing" form (the presentparticiple); for example, raining, dancing,

laughing, thinking, creating, running, and so on.

By definition, they are activities either physical

or mental.

These words function as NOUNS in a sentence:


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GERUNDS

For example: The subject of the verb:

Swimming is a lot of fun and good exercise.

The object of the verb:

I really like swimming.

The object of a preposition:

I am looking forward to swimming in the

ocean.


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GERUNDS

1.1 GERUNDS AS THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE Any activity that can be expressed with the "ing"

form of a verb can be the subject of a sentence.

All gerunds can be the subject of a sentence.Breathing is necessary.

Driving a car requires good vision.

Helping other people feels good.


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GERUNDS

1.2 GERUNDS AS THE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION Prepositions (for, with, about, &) must be

followed by an object.

The object can be a noun or a gerund (a verbacting as a noun).

I am tired ofwaking up too early.

I look forward to meeting your friend.I am interested in learning baseball.

She is responsible for implementing new policy.


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GERUNDS

1.3 GERUNDS AS THE OBJECT OF A VERB When it comes to gerunds as the object of a

verb, not all verbs are equal.

That is, some verbs can take a gerund as theirobjects, but other verbs cannot.

(Some verbs can take infinitives as their objects.

Some verbs never take an object at all.) These differences can only be learned, as

individual vocabulary items.


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GERUNDS

Here are some verbs that are followed bya gerund.

(These verbs can be followed by any gerund.)

I appreciate hearing a good joke.I avoid flying as much as I can.

I deny saying that.

I dislike eating alone.

I enjoy talking with new people.


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Page 58

Exercise B

Look at the verbs in the table.

Underline examples of the structures

in the conversation.


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Page 58

Exercise C

Complete the sentences with appropriate verbs

or phrases from the table.

Use correct forms. There is more than one

correct option for some answers.


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Page 58

1. tired/ getting tired

2. avoid

3. were thinking/ thought/ were talking/ talked

4. like/ enjoy; get used

5. looking forward

6. complaining

7. like/ loves/ enjoys; stand

8. finished


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Page 59Listening for main idea

To understand the main idea in a focused

conversation, such as interview, do the following

things:

1. If you know what the topic is before listening, try to

guess some of the things the people will talk about.

2. Listen for key words and phrases, such as words of

attitude or adjectives.

3. Listen for signal words and phrases.


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Page 59Listening for main idea

Words of attitude: love, hate, want, cant stand,

dislike, etc.

Positive adjectives: wonderful, fantastic, splendid,etc.

Negative adjectives: horrible, disgusting, boring,

etc. Signal words: such as, but, that said, and, also,

because, etc.


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Page 59Exercise A

Read the description in an online program guide.

Answer the questions.

1. What specific traditions do you think people mightmention?

2. What reasons might people give for maintaining

traditions?

3. What reasons might they five fore not maintaining

traditions?


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Page 59

1. Common traditions such as weddings, funerals,and holidays.

2. They help maintaining family and community

unity, make us feel secure, and are importantfor cultural identity.

3. Younger generations may not be interested in

old traditions. Families tend to live in differentplaces now.


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Page 59Exercise B

Listen to the interview.

For each interview,- Check the box if the person thinks traditions

should be maintained.

- Choose the sentence that best states the main

idea of what they are saying.


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Page 59

Exercise C

Listen to the interview again. Try to remember

the reasons the interviewees give fore their

opinions.


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Page 59Interviewee 1: Young people are not interested in old

traditions because they want to do things in new

creative ways.

Interviewee 2: Changes to traditional ceremonies are

interesting, and the essence stays the same.

Interviewee 3: Traditions give us a sense of history and

continuity.

Interviewee 4: Traditions give a society its identity, andconnect one generation to another.


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Page 60

Exercise A

Look at the picture and discuss

what institutional tradition you think

it represents.

Check your ideas by reading the paragraph.


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Page 60

What institutional tradition you think it represents.

Though the picture looks like the institution is

military, it is actually a university that has a

military component. The university mascot is a dog.

The picture was taken of several cadets with

Reveille, the mascot, at a football game.


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Page 60

Exercise B

Read the excerpt

What is unusual about this mascot?

The mascot, Reveille, attends classes and is the

highest-ranking member of a military organization (the

Corps of Cadets). Freshmen Corps member are not allowed to speak to

or look directly at Reveille.


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Page 60Exercise C

Match the words from the text with their definitions.

1. initiation

2. ritual3. mascot

4. freshman

5. ranking/rank6. symbolic


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Infinitive

Infinitive is the base form of a verb. An infinitive may exist with or without the word

"to".

Infinitives with the word "to" can function as

either the SUBJECT or the OBJECT of a verb.


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Infinitive

2.1 INFINITIVES AS THE SUBJECT OF THESENTENCE

To read a good book is my favorite form of

relaxation.To win means everything to him.

To speak a foreign language well requires

practice.


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Infinitive

2.2 INFINITIVES AS THE OBJECT OF THE VERBMost people like to win.

I don't want to go.

We don't need to fight like this.


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Infinitive

2.2.1 Verb + InfinitiveHere are some verbs that are followed by an infinitive.

(These verbs can be followed by any infinitive.)

It appears to be a mistake.

I will arrange to talk with them as soon as possible.

I asked to see the manager about it.

I beg to differ with you, sir.

Finally, I decided to do it myself.I demand to know who is responsible for this!

He deserves to get a promotion.


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Infinitive2.2.2 Verb + Pronoun/Noun (object) + Infinitive

Here are some verbs plus an indirect object followed by

an infinitive.

(These verbs can be followed by any infinitive.)

I would advise you to say nothing about this.She asked me to help her with her car.

He begged me to let him come along.

We must convince them to investigate the situation.

I encouraged her to continue with the task.He expects you to finish on time.


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Gerund or Infinitive?

Some verbs can be followed by either agerund or an infinitive.

Sometimes, there is no difference inmeaning.

Sometimes there is.


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3.1 VERB + INFINITIVE = VERB + GERUNDThese verbs can be followed by either an

infinitive or a gerund, with NO DIFFERENCE

IN MEANING.


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Infinitive = GerundHe began to shout. = He began shouting.

He started to shout. = He started shouting.

He continued to shout. = He continued shouting.I like to read. = I like reading.

I love to read. = I love reading.

I prefer to read. = I prefer reading.I hate to wait. = I hate waiting.

I can't stand to wait. = I can't stand waiting.

I can't bear to wait. = I can't bear waiting.


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3.2 VERB + INFINITIVE VERB + GERUND Some verbs can be followed by either

an infinitive or a gerund, but THEIR

MEANINGS ARE NOT THE SAME:



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Gerund or Infinitive?Infinitive = Gerund

I will remember to call her.(I will be sure to call her in the future.) I remember calling her.(I have the memory of calling her in

the past.)

I will not forget to meet him.

(I will be sure to meet him in the future.)

I will never forget meeting them.

(I will not lose the memory of

meeting them.)I regret to say he is not here.

(I am sorry I must tell you he is not

here.)

I regret saying it.

(I am sorry I said it.)

I will try to ring the bell.

(I will see if it is possible to ring the bell.)

I will try ringing the bell.

(I will ring the bell to see if it will helpthe situation.)

I stopped to smoke at ten o clock.

(I interrupted an activity and had a

cigarette.)

I stopped smoking a year ago.

(I ended my cigarette habit.)

U it 6 G di f T diti


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Page 61

Exercise AListen to the conversation

Was the womans previous job was more or

less traditional than her new job?

Answer:

Her previous job was more traditional.



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Page 61

Exercise BLook at the information in the table.

Then choose the correct option for each

statement.



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Page 61

Exercise CRewrite the sentences using the verbs in

parentheses.



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Page 61

1. The military forces people to respect rank.2. Many colleges encourage freshmen to join an

organization.

3. Doctors warn people not to look at the computerscreen for too many hours.

4. I need someone to help me with this project.

5. Some colleges dont allow freshmen to live offcampus.

6. Our boss advises us not to eat lunch at our desk.

Unit 6 G ardians of Tradition


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Page 62

Exercise BPhrasal verbs for personal rituals

1. Put off = to decide or arrange to delay an event or

activity until a later time or date2. Clean out = to take everything out of a room, car,

container, etc. and clean the inside of it.

3. Write down = to write something on a piece of paper

so that you do not forget it



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Page 62

4. Cross something off = to remove someone orsomething, such as a name, from a list by drawing a

line through it.

5. Go over = to examine or look at something in a careful

or detailed way

6. Go through = to examine something which contains a

collection of things carefully in order to organize

them or find something



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Page 62

7. Plan out = to think about and decide what you aregoing to do or how you are going to do something.

8. Put on clothes = wearing clothes



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Page 63

Exercise ARead the explanation. Then write C (correct) or

RO (run-on) next to the sentence.

1. C2. RO

3. RO

4. C5. RO

6. C


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References

GERUNDS & INFINITIVES. Retrieved on 20November 2012 from

http://www.sonnerct.com/english_rules/LR1

0_Gerunds_Infinitives.htm

5. unit 6 guardians of tradition

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