5th Regional Coordination Meeting Amman – Jordan, 2013

Water Management Strategies and Impacts on Livelihoods in

(LEBANON) Randa MASSAAD & Ihab JOMAA

INSERT COUNTRY MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF

BENCHMARK SITE

Watershed location

1384 km2

El Qaa Village

El Qaa village FTF Indicator: Number of hectares under improved technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance: (300 ha)

Benchmark site (17,000 ha) 36˚ 28’ 48” 34 ˚ 20’ 31”

Pilot area(s) for data collection(17,000 ha)

Cadastral Limit of El Qaa village

Target population 60 villages/Orontes Watershed

Benchmark = El Qaa village population 900 households 12000 total inhabitants 45 % adult male 55% adult female

WLI Goal and Intended Outputs

Please insert a picture that represents your work

Overall Goal: to improve the livelihoods of rural households and communities in areas where water scarcity, land degradation, and associated problems are prevalent. Intended Outputs: 1. Integrated water and land-use strategies for policy-making, tools for sustainable benchmark management and organizational mechanisms for community inclusion at the benchmark site. 2. Enhanced knowledge, skills and qualifications for key stakeholders in the benchmark sites. 3. Improved rural livelihoods of farmers in the benchmark sites through the adoption of sustainable land and water management practices and livelihood strategies. National water strategy in Lebanon:

Strategic objectives for the Lebanese water Sector The vision is: "Water: A right for every citizen, a resource for the whole country"

• Water quantity and quality

• Insure proper water supply • Quantities and quality of irrigation water • Water-saving irrigation techniques

• Wastewater collection and treatment

The MEW targets the infrastructure and the management of the water sector in Lebanon

Infrastructure

Management of water sector in Lebanon

1- Institutional and Organizational

2- Financial

3- Legal and Regulatory

4- Environmental Concerns

5- Awareness and Conservation

MoA strategy to reduce poverty - Good Agricultural Practices - Insure and distribute certified rootstocks - Subsidies some field crops - Irrigation water saving

techniques

Mechanisms for Community Inclusion

Site Advisory Group Members

National coordinator: Eng. Randa Massaad

Representative of civil society: Mr. Assaad el Tawm

Representative of the associated hub university: Dr. Hadi Jaafar

Representative of Farmer Association (FA): Mr. Assaad El Tawm

Representative of Farmer Interest Group (FIG): Basma Mattar

Representative of farmers cooperative for water management: Mr. Eid Mattar

• Please insert a picture here

Associations Benefitted (250-300 farmers at El Qa’a Village)

Farmers committee for drinking and irrigation water

President: Eid Mattar

Vice president for drinking water: Camille Chahoud

Vice president for irrigation land: Kozhaya Makhlouf

Treasurer: Mtanos Rezkallah

worker controler: Milad El Bitar

Secretary: Habib Gerges

Member: Youssef Nasrallah, Joseph Mattar, Toufic El Bitar, Wahib Wehbe, Louis Neeme, Akl Saed,Chaalan Rizk, Elias Awad, Awad Daher and Saad Aad.

Understanding Land & Water Management: System level

System Level Water Resource Availability

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September,2013

Rass BaalbeckEl RayssiAlBejajehRass El MalEl FekhaEl WakifRass El MalIiranieyeSoughaEl Qaa2El Qaa1AinEmraadZaboudRweissZrabi/Matrifi

L/s

Cultivated area 5000 ha

Irrigated area 4600 ha

Annual Water Use

35 mm3/yr

Annual Water

50 mm3/yr

w.out impr. mgt with impr. mgt

Component1. Integrated water and land-use strategies

Activity 1. Investigation of water availability at the benchmark area, water distribution schemes analysis study

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l/s

Source to Qaa Village

Source

Village

Difference

Najarims micro catchments

Activity2: Irrigation/rainfed (micro level harvesting water) at small scale

rainwater harvesting at farm level

Component1. Integrated water and land-use strategies

Semi-

circular

bunds

1984

130 ha

Change detection

1987

150 ha

Change detection

1992

600 ha

Change detection

2012

4000 ha

Change detection

Groundwater exploitations

Wells

Improving Land & Water Management: Pilot testing at Field-level

Development and Use of Technologies (FTF Indicators)

Technology Stage of Devt Land Area (ha) Users (m) Users (f)

Activity 1. Investigation of water availability at the benchmark area, water distribution schemes analysis study

2012-2013 Basin Level 250-300 2

Activity2: Irrigation/rainfed (micro level harvesting water) at small scale rainwater harvesting at farm level

First year 2013 Less than 1 0.5 du ≈ 400m2

(1ha=10du 1du=1000m2)

1 1

Activity 3: Conservation agriculture or no-tillage

First year 2013 Less than 1 0.5 ha ≈4000m2

1 1

Activity 4: Introducing the new variety of Cactus ( Opuntia-ficus-indica):

2012-2013 Less than 1 1du

1 -

Activity 5:Introducing a new variety of Grape Grape variety / Rootstock: Superior Seedless / 140 Ru

First Year Less than 1 - 1

Activity 5:Survey on plant pests and diseases, Integrated pest management in the El Qa'a region

two Seasons 2012-2013

25 ha 100 farmers*

-

Improving Land & Water Management: Pilot testing at Field-level

Development and Use of Technologies (FTF Indicators)

Technology Stage of Devt Land Area (ha) Users (m) Users (f)

Activity 6:Yield, water use efficiency of drip irrigated on eggplant

2012 Less than 1 - 1

Activity 7: comparison of local and imported

grapevine varieties in semi-arid region

2013 Less than 1

1 -

Activity 8: Intensive cultivation of early, late and industrial apricot varieties.

2013

Less than 1

- 1

Activity 9 NDVI and FOV temporal and spatial changes during the 21st century

2013 Basin Level - -

with impr. mgt Cropping Pattern wheat CA:4.1T/Ha Wheat ConsA:5.1T/Ha Eggplant: 39T/Ha Under deficit irrigation 33T/Ha Gross Margin/m3

Fruit trees and vegetables du: 1057m3/year

1m3=0.17$ 0.04-1.67$/m3/yr

Cropping Pattern Wheat CA: 4.1T/Ha Eggplant:3.9T/Ha Grapevine:55T/HaMax Apricot:99T/Ha

Gross Margin/m3

1.7-2.4 $/m3/yr

Cropping Pattern Wheat CA:3.5T/Ha Eggplant:3.5T/Ha Grapevine:4.4T/Ha Apricot:36T/Ha(local variety)

Gross Margin/m3

0.04-1.67 $/m3/yr

w.out impr. mgt

Futu

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gie

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Testing Results

Enhancing Knowledge, Skills and Qualifications

Student Research

In 2012: one student from the Lebanese University –Faculty of Agriculture, Master in Plant Protection

Preliminary survey of peach trees in El Qaa

Mostafa Chamas under the supervision of Dr.Elia Choueiri

In 2013: one student from the Lebanese University –Faculty of Agriculture,

Master in Plant Protection

Ahed Mouhi El Dine under the supervision of Dr.Elia Choueiri

Contribution to the studies of viral diseases and Integrated Pest Management on Peach in Qaa region

One student from the Lebanese University –Faculty of Agriculture

Socio-economic survey at El Qaa region.

Maher Fouany under the supervision of Dr.Salem Darwish

In Country Trainings 2012.

•Conservation Agriculture and supplement Irrigation

•New Variety of peach adopted in El Qaa

•The main pests and diseases on peach.

2013.

•Conservation Agriculture and supplement Irrigation

•Adoption of new varieties of wheat, barley and chickpea tolerant to climatic change

Publications by Research Team Posters • One on Introducing new varieties of cactus at the benchmark

• Second one on Extension at the benchmark through the WLI project

• Booklet on wheat varieties

Publications • Contribution to the studies of viral diseases and Integrated Pest

Management on Peach in Qaa region

Integrated Pest Management of main crops in Qaa region

• Good Agricultural Practices can be used in Qaa region order to increase the yield, decrease the cost of production (around 30%) and facilitate access to export markets (reduction of the number of treatments and the pesticide residues in fruit production).

ELISA results

02468

10121416

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Orchards

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PDV

ACLSV

ApMV

PNRSV

Surveying of 30 peach commercial orchards representing the different growing peach area of Qaa region (viral, fungal, bacterial diseases and insects

Understanding and Improving On-farm Income

Cabbage Eggplant Tomato Water melon

$/du $/du $/du $/du

27.5 20 40 40 Soil preparation

52 22 35-61.7 170-184 plants+plantation

26.5 26.5 Mulch

36.5 98 160 98-121 Fertilization

50 33 155 23.5 Protection

125 40 35-40 55 labor

195 350 250-275 180-200 irrigation

230 200 175 transport

115.5 0 plastic

30 407 125 0 harvest

118 20 commision & others

864 990 1142.5-1198.5 768-825 cost of production

5.5t/du 5-6t/du 5t/du production

350 785 320LL 250-500LL price/kg

1280 1750 1405 1090 price of the yield $/du

416 760 262-206.5 322-265 net profit

0%

20%

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100%

Water

melon

Tomato Eggplant Cabbage

vegetables

Max Net Profit

net profit

cost of production

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20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Water

melon

Tomato Eggplant Cabbage

Vegetables

Min Net Profit

net profit

cost of production

Understanding and Improving On-farm Income

Cabbage Eggplant Tomato Water melon

$/du $/du $/du $/du

27.5 20 40 40 Soil preparation

52 22 35-61.7 170-184 plants+plantation

26.5 26.5 Mulch

36.5 98 160 98-121 Fertilization

50 33 155 23.5 Protection

125 40 35-40 55 labor

195 350 250-275 180-200 irrigation

230 200 175 transport

115.5 0 plastic

30 407 125 0 harvest

118 20 commision & others

864 990 1142.5-1198.5 768-825 cost of production

5.5t/du 5-6t/du 5t/du production

350 785 320LL 250-500LL price/kg

1280 1750 1405 1090 price of the yield $/du

416 760 262-206.5 322-265 net profit

0%

20%

40%

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100%

Water

melon

Tomato Eggplant Cabbage

vegetables

Max Net Profit

net profit

cost of production

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40%

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100%

Water

melon

Tomato Eggplant Cabbage

Vegetables

Min Net Profit

net profit

cost of production

Cactus

$/du

40 Soil preparation

87 Plants + plantation

0 Mulch

40 Fertilization

0 Protection

40 labor

140 irrigation

0 transport

0 plastic

40 harvest

0 commision & others

387 cost of production

60000 Fruits production (first year)

250LL price/fruit

1000

price of the production $/du

613 net profit$

Understanding and Improving Household Income

Fruit trees

Max Min peach-nactarine-apricot and plum

$/du $/du cost of implementation

240 60 Soil preparation

90 60 plantation

480 180 price of plants

300 300 irrigation system

14000 12000 wells

15000 15000

Diezel moteur 170m3/hour (for farmer

around 15-20Ha)

2000 1800 iron pole

32110 29400 Total

$/ du Annual cost

120-150 Labor

28-50 protection

70-85 pruning

100-125 fertilization

150-185 irrigation

35-40 fertigation

100-150 harvest

80-100 post harvest

683-885 Cost of production

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Min Net Profit

grape

Pulm

apple

apricot

Peach

0%

10%

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30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

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100%

Max Net Profit

grape

Pulm

apple

apricot

Peach

Understanding and Improving Household Income

Estimated Household Income of Target Group at the Benchmark Site and Potential Effect of WLI Introduced Strategies

32.1 percent of households or 35.2 percent of the Population live below the satisfaction threshold.

Strategies for improvement, e.g.: • Trainings on home gardening • Focus group discussions on uses of

medicinal plants • Work with cooperative associations • Fundraising proposals for local

associations

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2005 2010 2015 2020

Year

Off Farms

WLI effect

Crops

Degree of satisfaction (households)

7%

25%

41%

27%

very low

low

intermediate

high

Thank you Eng. Randa Massaad Msc in Irrigation. Coordinator, On field trial leader. Dr. Ihab Jomaa, Phd In Remote Sensing, Leader of Water Management Activities. Eng. Sleiman Skaff, Irrigation/rainfed (micro level harvesting water) at small scale

rainwater harvesting, at farm level. Eng. Chafic Estephan, leader of the CA activity. Eng. Charbel Hobeika, Machatel Loubnan. Consultant in fruits trees varieties. Dr.Elia Choueiri, Phd in crop protection-virology. Surveying of the El Qa'a region, IPM

,laboratory analysis and training for the farmers groups. Dr.Wassim Habib, Phd in crop protection- Bacteriology. Surveying of the El Qa'a region

and laboratory analysis. Eng.Ali Chehade, leader of the activity: comparison of local and imported grapevine

varieties in semi-arid region. Mr. Ahmed Bitar, leader of Intensive cultivation of early, late and industrial apricot

varieties in El Qa'a region. Mr. Fadi Naddaf socioeconomist, data collection.

Dr. Hadi Jaafar, PHD, FAFS AUB

Dr.Salem Darwish, Phd in socioeconomy, Data Analysis and Socioeconomy.

Opportunities & Needs for Research

Field Research & Data Collection

• Equipment: tensiometers, water sensors , leaf area meter, Loggers, sensors, Solar power systems, flow meters

Modeling Systems & Mgt Options

• Support of ICARDA team for choosing the better model to be applyied at El Qaa Benchmark

Needs for Training & Knowledge Exchange

Land & Water Users Needs

• Water harvesting at small level

• Choose the best varieties of wheat Barley and chickpea (supplement irrigation)

• Integrated pest management on fava bean, vegetables and fruits trees

Research Team Members Needs

• Training on modeling (ICARDA staff support)

• Training on molecular diagnosis of legumes and cereals viral diseases

• GIS

Resource Mobilization Plan for 2014: (Lebanon) Total (US$)

Additional Resource Needs Other Sources (K US$) WLI Seed Fund (US$)

Improve Water Mgt Strategies

(Item) $700 LARI 3000 -Activity1:Water availability at the benchmark area through the main open channels

(Item) $700 (LARI 3000 -Activity2: Small scale rainwater harvesting, at farm level

AUB 5000 Activity 3:Effect of compost as a mulch on water productivity of sprinkle-irrigated potatoes in till and no-till systems

AUB 6000 Activity 4:Simulating daily runoff from storms within the Orontes River Basin for Water Collection and Groundwater recharge

2000 (LARI) 12000 Activity5:Optimization of Sensor Use for irrigation scheduling

(Estimate: US$) $2400 (indicative): 39000 SUBTOTAL

Improve Livelihoods

(Item) 2700 LARI 3000 -Activity 1: A comparison of local and imported grapevine varieties in semi-arid region (North of Bekaa: El Qaa)

(Item) 2000 LARI 3000 -Activity 2: INTENSIVE CULTIVATION OF EARLY, LATE AND INDUSTRIAL APRICOT VARIETIES IN EL-QAA REGION

2000 2000 Activity 3. Conservation Agriculture or no-tillage (zero tillage)

2500 6000 Activity 4. On farm demonstration trial (Wheat, Barley and Chickpea)

(Item) $3500 LARI 3000 - Activity 5. Integrated Pest Management of main crops in Qaa region

(Estimate: US$) $12700 (indicative): 17,000) SUBTOTAL

$ Improve & Exchange Knowldge

(Item) $1500 (LARI 8000 -Effect of Syrian War on Lebanese Agriculture at the benchmark area

(Estimate: US$) $15600 (indicative): 8000 SUBTOTAL

22500 53, 000 (MAX.) GRAND TOTAL

Schedule for 2014

Schedule 2014 Schedule2013

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11

Improve Water Mgt Strategies

-Water availability at the benchmark area

through the main open channels Small scale rainwater harvesting, at farm level

Effect of compost as a mulch on water productivity of sprinkle-irrigated potatoes in till and no-till systems

Simulating daily runoff from storms within the Orontes River Basin for Water Collection and Groundwater recharge

Optimization of Sensor Use for irrigation scheduling

Improve Livelihoods A comparison of local and imported grapevine varieties in semi-arid region (North

of Bekaa: El Qaa) INTENSIVE CULTIVATION OF EARLY, LATE AND INDUSTRIAL APRICOT VARIETIES IN EL-

QAA REGION Conservation Agriculture or no-tillage (zero

tillage) On farm demonstration trial (Wheat, Barley

and Chickpea) Integrated Pest Management of main crops in Qaa region

Exchange Knowledge

Effect of Syrian War on Lebanese Agriculture at the benchmark area

Quarterly & Annual Reporting

Monitoring WLI Indicators