5 product specifiaction

8/13/2019 5 Product Specifiaction

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PRODUCT

SPECIFICATIONSSources:

1. Cooper,Product Leadership - Creating and Launching Superior New Products,

Perseus, 2000.

2. Ulrich and Eppinger,Product Design and Development, 2nded., Irwin McGraw-

Hill, 2000.

3. Pugh, Total Design - Integrated Methods for Successful Product Engineering,

Addison Wesley, 1990.

4. Pugh (with Clausing and Andrade), Creating Innovative Products Using Total

Design,Addison Wesley, 1996


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Product Specifications

Cooper

Part of the product definition

Product features, attributes, requirements

Ulrich and Eppinger

What the product has to do, not how

Consists of a metric and a value


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Coopers Stage 2: Business Case

What is the product and who will it be sold

to? (the product definition)

Target market

Product concept and benefits delivered

Positioning strategy

Products features, attributes, requirements


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PlanningConcept

Develop.

System-

Level

Design

Detail

Design

Testing

And

Refinement

Production

Ramp-Up

Marketing

Design

Mfg

Other

After Ulrich and Eppinger, Exhibit 2-2

Ulrich and Eppingers

Product Development Process


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Mission

Statement

Development

Plan

Identify

Customer

Needs

Establish

Target

Specs.

Generate

Product

Concepts

SelectProduct

Concept(s)

Test

Product

Concept(s)

Plan

Downstream

Development

Set

Final

Specs.

Concept

DevelopmentPhase (U & E)

After Ulrich and Eppinger,

Exhibit 2-3


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The Product Specs Process (U&E)

Set Target SpecificationsBased on customer needs and benchmarks

Develop metrics for each need

Set ideal and acceptable values Refine Specifications

Based on selected concept and feasibility testing

Technical modeling

Trade-offs are critical

Reflect on the Results and the Process

Critical for ongoing improvement


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Product Specification Steps

Gather and

filter

problem

information

Establish the

customers

requirements

Convert

requirements

into

specifications


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Requirements vs. Specifications

Requirements

Define what the customer wants

May be subjective, qualitative, difficult to measure

Specifications

Define what will actually be delivered

Respond to: customers needs, organizationalcapabilities, technology and resource availability

Always Measurable


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Specifications.....

Precisely define the end product or result

Quantifythe customers needs and specifythe degree to which the needs will be met

Should notlimit how the customers needsare to be addressed

Consist of:

Metric - Characteristic being measured

Value or range of values

Unit of measurement


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Specifications are the

yardstick for determiningproject success


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Rules for Creating Specifications

1. Focus on the endRESULTS.

2. Do not build your ideas of how to achieve

the results into the specifications.

3. Make sure that each requirement is

covered.

4. Make sure that the customers interests areprotected.

5. Make sure that your interests are protected.


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Product Design Specifications

Guidelines for developing the Product

Design Specification (PDS)

(see Pughs Product Design Specifications)


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P a u s e


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Using Customer Input

Quality function deployment (QFD)

Customer input and the House of Quality


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Quality FunctionDeployment

(QFD)

House of Quality


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Quality Function Deployment

A technique for identifying customerrequirementsand matching them with

engineering design and performance

parameters From the Japanese phrase meaning the

strategic deployment throughout all aspects

of a product of appropriate characteristicsaccording to customer demands


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The general arrangement of a QFD table

consists of the following 5 regions:

Matrix of RequirementsRelations

(Region 3)

Engineering Targets(Region 5)

Engineering Metrics(Region 2)

Customer

Requirements

(Region1

)

Competitive

Benchmarks

(Region4

)

1. Customer requirements

2. Engineering requirements

3. Matrix of requirements relations

4. Competitive benchmarks5. Engineering targets


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Customer Requirements (1) features or characteristics that the customer indicates as

relevant

must be in customers own words, not filtered by

marketing or engineering Engineering Metrics (2)

generated by engineering staff

quantifiable aspects of system that can contribute to

satisfying customer requirements mixture of performance parameters and design

parameters

Contents of the Regions


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Matrix of Requirements Relations (3)

matrixwith rows of customer requirements andcolumns of engineering metrics

each relationship marked with an x

Benchmarking (4)

opportunity to explicitly compare your design to thatof a competitors

mark the customer requirements that are met with ano.


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Engineering Targets (5)

list numerical values established for each

engineering metric (2), along with units

target may be the value that the requirementmust achieve in order to compete with the

benchmarked products


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Variations to QFD Tables

A region can be inserted next to (1) for

weighting the relative importance the

customer places on his/her requirements

A roof can be put over (2) and used to show

relationships between metrics (+ or -)

Numerical values indicating relative weights

may replace the xs and os in the matrix


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QFD House of Quality

Technical

Correlations

Competitive

Benchmarks

(4)Customer

Requirements(1)

Engineering

Metrics (2)

Engrg Targets (5)

WeightingFactors

Relationships between

Customer Requirements and

Engineering Metrics(3)


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Example

Goal Design an improved automobile bumper

Objectives

Design an inexpensive front bumper to withstand a 5

mph head-on collision (concrete wall) Bumper must be easily recyclable

Constraints

must be installed 18 up from ground

weight < 50 lb must attach to mounting brackets on targeted

automobile frames


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House of Quality for Automobile Bumper


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Product Specifications Example:

Mountain Bike Suspension Fork


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Start with the CustomerNeeds

# NEED Imp

1 The suspension reduces vibration to the hands. 32 The suspension allows easy traversal of slow, difficult terrain. 23 The suspension enables high speed descents on bumpy trails. 54 The suspension allows sensitivity adjustment. 35 The suspension preserves the steering characteristics of the bike. 46 The suspension remains rigid during hard cornering. 4

7 The suspension is lightweight. 48 The suspension provides stiff mounting points for the brakes. 29 The suspension fits a wide variety of bikes, wheels, and tires. 5

10 The suspension is easy to install. 111 The suspension works with fenders. 112 The suspension instills pride. 513 The suspension is affordable for an amateur enthusiast. 514 The suspension is not contaminated by water. 515 The suspension is not contaminated by grunge. 516 The suspension can be easily accessed for maintenance. 317 The suspension allows easy replacement of worn parts. 118 The suspension can be maintained with readily available tools. 319 The suspension lasts a long time. 5

20 The suspension is safe in a crash. 5


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Metric#

Need#s

Metric Imp Units

1 1,3 Attenuation from dropout to handlebar at 10hz 3 dB2 2,6 Spring pre-load 3 N3 1,3 Maximum value from the Monster 5 g4 1,3 Minimum descent time on test track 5 s5 4 Damping coefficient adjustment range 3 N-s/m6 5 Maximum travel (26in wheel) 3 mm7 5 Rake offset 3 mm8 6 Lateral stiffness at the tip 3 kN/m

9 7 Total mass 4 kg10 8 Lateral stiffness at brake pivots 2 kN/m11 9 Headset sizes 5 in12 9 Steertube length 5 mm13 9 Wheel sizes 5 list14 9 Maximum tire width 5 in15 10 Time to assemble to frame 1 s16 11 Fender compatibility 1 list

17 12 Instills pride 5 subj18 13 Unit manufacturing cost 5 US$19 14 Time in spray chamber w/o water entry 5 s20 15 Cycles in mud chamber w/o contamination 5 k-cycles21 16,17 Time to disassemble/assemble for maintenance 3 s22 17,18 Special tools required for maintenance 3 list23 19 UV test duration to degrade rubber parts 5 hours24 19 Monster cycles to failure 5 cycles

25 20 Japan Industrial Standards test 5 binary26 20 Bending strength (frontal loading) 5 MN

Establish Metrics and Units


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Link Metrics toNeeds1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Need

Metric

Attenuationfromdropouttohandlebar

at10hz

Springp

re-load

MaximumvaluefromtheMonster

Minimum

descenttimeontesttrack

Damping

coefficientadjustmentrange

Maximumtravel(26inwheel)

Rakeoffset

Laterals

tiffnessatthetip

Totalma

ss

Laterals

tiffnessatbrakepivots

Headset

sizes

Steertub

elength

Wheelsizes

Maximumtirewidth

Timetoassembletoframe

Fenderc

ompatibility

Instillsp

ride

Unitman

ufacturingcost

Timeinspraychamberw/owaterentr

y

Cyclesinmudchamberw/ocontamin

ation

Timetodisassemble/assembleforma

intenance

Specialtoolsrequiredformaintenanc

e

UVtestdurationtodegraderubberpa

rts

Monster

cyclestofailure

JapanIn

dustrialStandardstest

Bending

strength(frontalloading)

1 reduces vibration to the hands. 2 allow s easy traversal of slow, difficult terrain. 3 enables high speed descents on bumpy trails. 4 allow s sensitivity adjustment. 5 preserves the steering characteristics of the bike. 6 remains rigid during hard cornering. 7 is lightweight.

8 provides stiff mounting points f or the brakes.

9 fits a w ide variety of bikes, w heels, and tires. 10 is easy to install. 11 w orks w ith fenders. 12 instills pride. 13 is af fordable for an amateur enthus iast. 14 is not contaminated by w ater. 15 is not contaminated by grunge. 16 can be easily accessed for maintenance. 17 allows easy replacement of wo rn parts. 18 can be maintained w ith readily available tools. 19 lasts a long time. 20 is safe in a crash.


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Benchmark on CustomerNeeds

# NEED Imp STTritrack

Maniray2

RoxTahxQ

uadra

RoxTahxT

i21

TonkaPro

GunhillHea

dShox

1 The suspension reduces vibration to the hands. 3 2 The suspension allows easy traversal of slow, difficult terrain. 2 3 The suspension enables high speed descents on bumpy trails. 5

4 The suspension allows sensitivity adjustment. 3 5 The suspension preserves the steering characteristics of the bike. 4 6 The suspension remains rigid during hard cornering. 4 7 The suspension is lightweight. 4 8 The suspension provides stiff mounting points for the brakes. 2 9 The suspension fits a wide variety of bikes, wheels, and tires. 5

10 The suspension is easy to install. 1 11 The suspension works with fenders. 1 12 The suspension instills pride. 5 13 The suspension is affordable for an amateur enthusiast. 5 14 The suspension is not contaminated by water. 5 15 The suspension is not contaminated by grunge. 5 16 The suspension can be easi ly accessed for maintenance. 3 17 The suspension allows easy replacement of worn parts. 1 18 The suspension can be maintained with readily available tools. 3

19 The suspension lasts a long time. 5 20 The suspension is safe in a crash. 5

B h k M t i


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Benchmark on Metrics

Metric#

Nee

d#s

Metric Imp Units STTritrack

Maniray2

Rox

TahxQuadra

Rox

TahxTi21

Ton

kaPro

GunhillHeadShox

1 1,3 Attenuation from drop out to han dle bar at 10hz 3 dB 8 15 10 15 9 132 2,6 Spring pre-load 3 N 550 760 500 710 480 680

3 1,3 Maximum value from the Monster 5 g 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.7 3.44 1,3 Minimum descent time on tes t track 5 s 13 11.3 12.6 11.2 13.2 115 4 Damping coefficient adjustment range 3 N-s/m 0 0 0 200 0 0

6 5 Maximum travel (26in wheel) 3 mm 28 48 43 46 33 387 5 Rake offset 3 mm 41.5 39 38 38 43.2 39

8 6 Lateral s tiffness at the tip 3 kN/m 59 110 85 85 65 1309 7 Total mass 4 kg 1.409 1.385 1.409 1.364 1.222 1.1

10 8 Lateral s tiffness at brake pivots 2 kN/m 295 550 425 425 325 650

11 9 Headset s izes 5 in1.0001.125

1.000

1.1251.250

1.0001.125

1.000

1.1251.250

1.0001.125 NA

12 9 Steertube length 5 mm

150180

210230255

140

165190215

150

170190210

150170

190210230

150

190210220 NA

13 9 Wheel sizes 5 lis t 26in 26in 26in26in

700C 26in 26in

14 9 Maximum tire width 5 in 1.5 1.75 1.5 1.75 1.5 1.5

15 10 Time to assemble to frame 1 s 35 35 45 45 35 8516 11 Fender compatibility 1 lis t Zefal none none none none all17 12 Instills pride 5 subj 1 4 3 5 3 518 13 Unit manufacturing cos t 5 US$ 65 105 85 115 80 100

19 14 Time in spray chamber w/o water entry 5 s 1300 2900 >3600 >3600 2300 >360020 15 Cycles in mud chamber w/o contamination 5 k-cycles 15 19 15 25 18 35

21 16,17 Time to di sassemble /assemble fo r ma in tenance 3 s 160 245 215 245 200 425

22 17,18 Special tools required for maintenance 3 lis t hex hex hex hexlonghex

hex,

pinw rnch

23 19 UV test duration to degrade rubber parts 5 hours 400+ 250 400+ 400+ 400+ 250

24 19 Mons ter cycles to failure 5 cycles 50 0k+ 50 0k+ 50 0k+ 48 0k 50 0k+ 33 0k

25 20 Japan Industrial Standards test 5 binary pass pass pass pass pass pass26 20 Bending s trength (frontal loading) 5 MN 55 89 75 75 62 102

A i M i l d Id l V l


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Assign Marginal and Ideal Values

Metric Units MarginalValue

IdealValue

1 Attenuation from dropout to handlebar at 10hz dB >10 >152 Spring pre-load N 480 - 800650 - 703 Maximum value from the Monster g 1.5 >1.75

15 Time to assemble to frame s 518 Unit manufacturing cost US$ 360020 Cycles in mud chamber w/o contamination k-cycles >15 >3521 Time to disassemble/assemble for maintenance s 45024 Monster cycles to failure cycles >300k >500k

25 Japan Industrial Standards test binary pass pass26 Bending s trength (frontal loading) MN >70 >100

S i l S ifi i


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Set Final SpecificationsMETRIC Units Value

1 Attenuation f rom dropout to handlebar at 10hz dB >122 Spring pre-load N 6503 Maximum value f rom the Monster g 759 Total mass kg 425

11 Headset sizes in1.0001.125

12 Steertube length mm

150170190210230

13 Wheel sizes l ist 26 in14 Maximum tire width in >1.7515 Time to assemble to frame s 418 Unit manufacturing cost US$ 360020 Cycles in mud chamber w /o contamination k-cycles >2521 Time to disassemble/assemble for maintenance s 45024 Monster cycles to failure cycles >500k

25 Japan Industrial Standards test binary pass26 Bending s trength (frontal loading) MN >100


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ENHANCED QUALITY

FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT

(EQFD)

The Basic Process of Enhanced QFD (EQFD)


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HOQ System

Expectation Matrix

Concept Selection

(TSA)

Concept Selection

Final Assembly

Concept Selection(PP)

Concept SelectionPiece-Part Processes

Piece-Part DesignMatrix

Piece-Part ProcessesMatrix

Piece-PartProduction

Operations Matrix

Subsystem DesignMatrix

Subsystem AssemblyMatrix

Subsystem AssemblyOperations Matrix

Concept Selection(SS)

Concept SelectionSubsystem Assembly

Total System DesignMatrix

Final AssemblyMatrix

Final AssemblyOperations Matrix

SPECIFICATIONS DESIGNPRODUCTION

PROCESS


Notes:

HOQ House of Quality

TSATotal System Architecture

SS Subsystem

PP Piece-part

HOQ


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HOQ

DESIGN

PROD. PROCESSENGR.

PROD. OPER.PLNG.



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HOQ System

Expectation Matrix

Concept Selection

(TSA)

Concept Selection

Final Assembly

Concept Selection(PP)

Concept SelectionPiece-Part Processes

Piece-Part DesignMatrix

Piece-Part ProcessesMatrix

Piece-PartProduction

Operations Matrix

Subsystem DesignMatrix

Subsystem AssemblyMatrix

Subsystem AssemblyOperations Matrix

Concept Selection(SS)

Concept SelectionSubsystem Assembly

Total System DesignMatrix

Final AssemblyMatrix

Final AssemblyOperations Matrix

SPECIFICATIONS DESIGNPRODUCTION

PROCESS


Notes:

HOQ House of Quality

TSA

Total System ArchitectureSS Subsystem

PP Piece-part


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Misfee

drate

Multife

edrate

Jamra

te

Copyrate

Jamc

learancetime

Paper

damagerate

UMC

Voice of the Customer A B C D E F G1 Always get a copy O

2 No blank sheets O

3 No jams to clear O O

4 Medium speed O5 Copies on cheap paper O O O

6 Copies on heavy paper O O

7 Copies on light paper O O

8 Easy to clear jams O

9 No paper damage O

10 Low cost O

5 product specifiaction

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