Operational and Research Applications from the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)from the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)

November 20 2014Nove be 0 0AOMSUC-5

Mitch Goldberg, JPSS Program ScientistPresented by: Lihang Zhou, JPSS STAR (JSTAR) Program Manager

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Presented by: Lihang Zhou, JPSS STAR (JSTAR) Program ManagerNational Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

JPSS

Overview:Overview:• Suomi NPP* satellite, JPSS-1 satellite, and JPSS-2 satellite• Four primary instruments (ATMS, CrIS, VIIRS, OMPS)

Gl b l d t (Al k C l d M l d W t Vi i i S lb d• Global ground system (Alaska, Colorado, Maryland, West Virginia, Svalbard, Antarctica)

• Implementation Partnerships with NASA, EUMETSAT, JAXA, NSF, DoD, NSC

• S-NPP is now NOAA’s Primary Satellite

2*Launch Date based on FY 2014 President’s Budget Request

*Suomi NPP is a joint NASA / NOAA mission

JPSS-1 Instruments (same as S-NPP)JPSS Instrument Measurement

ATMS - Advanced Technology ATMS and CrIS together provide high ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder

g p gvertical resolution temperature and water vapor information needed to maintain and improve forecast skill out to 5 to 7 days in advance for extreme C IS C t k I f d yweather events, including hurricanes and severe weather outbreaks

CrIS - Cross-track Infrared Sounder

VIIRS id iti l i

VIIRS – Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite

VIIRS provides many critical imagery products including snow/ice cover, clouds, fog, aerosols, fire, smoke plumes, vegetation health,

h t l kt b d / hl h llphytoplankton abundance/chlorophyll

OMPS - Ozone Mapping and Ozone spectrometers for monitoring ozone hole and recovery ofProfiler Suite ozone hole and recovery of stratospheric ozone and for UV index forecasts

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CERES - Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System

Scanning radiometer which supports studies of Earth Radiation Budget

S-NPP and JPSS Data ProductsS NPP and JPSS Data Products From NOAA available in real-time

VIIRS (24) C IS/ATMS (3)VIIRS (24)ALBEDO (SURFACE)CLOUD BASE HEIGHTCLOUD COVER/LAYERSCLOUD EFFECTIVE PART SIZE

CrIS/ATMS (3)ATM VERT MOIST PROFILEATM VERT TEMP PROFILECARBON (CO2, CH4, CO)

OMPS (2)O3 TOTAL COLUMNO3 NADIR PROFILESO2 and Aerosol Index

GCOM AMSR‐2 (11)CLOUD LIQUID WATER

CLOUD OPTICAL THICKNESSCLOUD TOP HEIGHTCLOUD TOP PRESSURECLOUD TOP TEMPERATUREICE SURFACE TEMPERATURE

ATMS (11)CLOUD LIQUID WATER

PRECIPITATION TYPE/RATEPRECIPITABLE WATERSEA SURFACE WINDS SPEEDSOIL MOISTURESNOWWATER EQUIVALENT

ICE SURFACE TEMPERATUREOCEAN COLOR/CHLOROPHYLLSUSPENDED MATTERVEGETATION INDEX, FRACTION, 

HEALTHAEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS

CLOUD LIQUID WATERPRECIPITATION RATEPRECIPITABLE WATERLAND SURFACE EMISSIVITYICE WATER PATHLAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT

IMAGERYSEA ICE CHARACTERIZATIONSNOW COVER/DEPTHSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURESURFACE TYPE

AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESSAEROSOL PARTICLE SIZEACTIVE FIRESPOLAR WINDSIMAGERY

LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURESEA ICE CONCENTRATIONSNOW COVERSNOW WATER EQUIVALENTATM TEMPERATURE PROFILE

SURFACE TYPESEA ICE CHARACTERIZATIONSNOW COVERSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURELAND SURFACE TEMPSURFACE TYPE

ATM MOISTURE PROFILE

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SURFACE TYPE

Joint Polar Satellite System 4

S-NPP and JPSS Data ProductsS NPP and JPSS Data Products From NOAA available in real-timeS (2 ) C S/ S (3)VIIRS (24)

ALBEDO (SURFACE)CLOUD BASE HEIGHTCLOUD COVER/LAYERSCLOUD EFFECTIVE PART SIZE

CrIS/ATMS (3)ATM VERT MOIST PROFILE (12/31/14)ATM VERT TEMP PROFILE (12/31/14)CARBON (CO2, CH4, CO)

OMPS (2)O3 TOTAL COLUMNO3 NADIR PROFILESO2 and Aerosol Index

GCOM AMSR‐2 (11)CLOUD LIQUID WATER

CLOUD EFFECTIVE PART SIZECLOUD OPTICAL THICKNESSCLOUD TOP HEIGHTCLOUD TOP PRESSURECLOUD TOP TEMPERATUREC S C

ATMS (11)CLOUD LIQUID WATER CLOUD LIQUID WATER

PRECIPITATION TYPE/RATEPRECIPITABLE WATERSEA SURFACE WINDS SPEEDSOIL MOISTURESNOWWATER EQUIVALENT

ICE SURFACE TEMPERATUREOCEAN COLOR/CHLOROPHYLLSUSPENDED MATTERVEGETATION INDEX, FRACTION, 

HEALTH

CLOUD LIQUID WATERPRECIPITATION RATEPRECIPITABLE WATERLAND SURFACE EMISSIVITYICE WATER PATH

SNOW WATER EQUIVALENTIMAGERYSEA ICE CHARACTERIZATIONSNOW COVER/DEPTHSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE

AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESSAEROSOL PARTICLE SIZEACTIVE FIRESPOLAR WINDSIMAGERY

LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURESEA ICE CONCENTRATIONSNOW COVERSNOW WATER EQUIVALENTATM TEMPERATURE PROFILE

SURFACE TYPEIMAGERYSEA ICE CHARACTERIZATIONSNOW COVERSEA SURFACE TEMPERATURELAND SURFACE TEMPSURFACE TYPE

ATM TEMPERATURE PROFILEATM MOISTURE PROFILE

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SURFACE TYPE

Joint Polar Satellite System 5

Blue - currently available in CSPP

SNPP/JPSS Cal Val Progress Updates

● SNPP ATMS, CrIS, and VIIRS Sensor Data Records (SDRs) have reached the validated maturity level, OMPS SDR are reaching y , gvalidated status soon

● NOAA Integrated CalVal System (ICVS) has been enhanced and went live since Fall 2013

● All Environment Data Records (EDRs) are available through CLASS● Most of SNPP EDRs will be validated by the end of 2014● TVAC analysis and corresponding codes/coefficients

updating/upgrading are undergoing for JPSS-1 is undergoing● Identified and working on critical algorithms improvements over

th t S NPP b li t b tt t d dthe current S-NPP baseline to better meet end user needs. ● Extensive interactions with end users, including product

evaluation and demonstration.● 30 plus papers are accepted for publications in AGU Journal

Geophysical Research Special Issue on Suomi NPP satellite calibration, validation and applications

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User ReadinessUser Readiness

The JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction program’s primary objective is to maximize the benefits and performance of S‐NPP/JPSS data, algorithms, and products for downstream operational and research users (gateways to the 

public) through:

• Engaging users to enhance/improve their applications through the g g g / p pp goptimal utilization of JPSS data.

• Education, Training and Outreach

• Facilitating transition of improved algorithms to operations. 

• Detailed characterization of data attributes such as uncertainty (accuracy d i i ) d l biliand precision) and long‐term stability 

• Provides user feedback to the cal/val program

Operational Applications of S-NPP Data

S-NPP is now NOAA’s Primary Satellite• May 1, 2012, VIIRS imagery used to support local warning

and forecast operations throughout the NWS Alaska Region.

• May 22 2012 the Advanced Technology Microwave• May 22, 2012, the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) radiances were operationally assimilated in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction’s (NCEP)/ NWS Global Forecast System (GFS).

• September 25, 2012, ATMS data was assimilated operationally into the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) weather forecast models.

• April 2013, the United Kingdom Meteorology Office beganApril 2013, the United Kingdom Meteorology Office began assimilating operational data from the Cross-track Imaging Radiometer Suite (CrIS) and ATMS into its weather forecast models.August 20 2013 NCEP began incorporating S NPP CrIS• August 20, 2013, NCEP began incorporating S-NPP CrIS satellite data operationally into the GFS.

• October 31, 2013, NCEP/CPC started to use OMPS Ozone operationally

• November, 2013, NRL started to use ATMS operationally in their global forecast model.

Joint Polar Satellite System

Hurricane Sandy

Measurements from polar psatellites enabled forecasters to predict Sandy’s infamous “left hook.” Without this data, weather models would not have identified this left-hand turn and forecasts would have placed the storm out to sea.

Suomi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band image of SandyCredit: CIMSS

9Hurricane Sandy’s path with and without polar satellite data NOAA satellite imagery reveals the intensity of the storm.

Credit: GOES-13

Hurricane Sandy Warm Core Anomaly Ascending 1730 UTC, 29 October 2012g ,

At 1800 UTC Oct 29 Max Wind: 90 MPH, Min Pressure: 940 hPa

10Cross section along Longitude 72.9 WCross section along Latitude 38.1 N 10

CrIS adds significantly improved vertical resolution to ATMSresolution to ATMS

3D relative humidity from MW-only and Combined IR+MW retrieval over Indian Ocean near Australia.

ATMS lATMS - only

ATMS + CrIS

ATMS is used for IR cloud correctionsIR cloud corrections

11Credit: Xu Liu (NASA)

CrIS CO Products from NUCAPS

C IS F ll S l R l iCrIS Full Spectral Resolution

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JPSS VIIRS provides significant improvements

NPP VIIRS NOAA-19 AVHRR

The Visible I f d I iInfrared Imaging Radiometer Suite offers more spectral bands, p ,higher resolution, wider swath and greater accuracy, res lting in a largeresulting in a large number of products.

Entire Antarctica observed in 12 hrs.

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VIIRS RGB (True Color), 11-22-2011 R: M05 (0.672 µm), G: M04 (0.555 µm), B: M02 (0.445 µm)

Tracking an Iceberg: Northwest Greenland Tracking an Iceberg: Northwest Greenland

July 16 through August 15, 2012VIIRS Visible (0.37 km)

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OMPS improved spatial resolution for better i i f l d SO2monitoring of aerosols and SO2.

• Current OMPS nadir resolution is at 50 km, but the instrument is capable of 10 kmbut the instrument is capable of 10 km resolution.

• Users for monitoring volcanic ash and SO2 plumes have requested higher spatial resolution (USGS and NOAA and CEOS/CGMS/WMO)CEOS/CGMS/WMO)

• Volcano SO2 alerts for air quality (big issue for Hawaii)

• EPA monitors industrial SO2 50 k l ti i i l t• 50 km resolution is simply too coarse

• OMPS aerosols better than VIIRS over bright surfaces (deserts)

15VIIRS sees the ash, but OMPS sees the SO2 OMPS aerosols over generally bright surfaces from fires

JPSS Proving Ground InitiativesResearch ApplicationsResearch Applications

• River Ice and Flooding• Fire and Smoke • Sounding Applications - NOAA Unique CrIS/ATMSSounding Applications NOAA Unique CrIS/ATMS

Processing System (NUCAPS)• Direct readout NWP impact studies via HRRR and GFS• Direct readout NWP impact studies via HRRR and GFS• OCONUS AWIPS• Cryosphere Initiative – hydrological models• Land Data Assimilation• Ocean and Coastal• Aerosol Data Assimilation• Aerosol Data Assimilation• OMPS Atmospheric Chemistry

Satellite ApplicationsRiver Flooding caused by rain, snow/ice

melt and ice jamsJPSS Capabilities – River Ice and Flooding ProductSocietal Impacts

• Floods are one of the most common hazards in the U S• Frequent passes at high risk polar latitudes• High VIIRS spatial resolution (375m) to detect

medium and larger river flooding events

• Floods are one of the most common hazards in the U.S.

• Coast-to-coast threat to the U.S. and its territories year round• More than 8 million people live in areas at risk of coastal flooding

• Strong need for near-real-time monitoring the evolution and dynamics f i d t

• ATMS and GCOM-W1 (AMSR2) provides precipitation rates and soil moisture (AMSR2).

• River flood and ice product developed for NWS as

of ice cover due to:• High frequency of river ice related events

• Significant risk of damages

• Accurate and detailed information on ice conditions is necessary for:

VIIRS ice-jam flood detection in Galena, AK May, 2013

part of the JPSS Proving Ground

C biliti N d d

• Better risk assessment

• Timely issuance of flood warnings

• Faster preventive or mitigation measures

• Evaluate state of river ice to prepare for break-up

Capabilities Needed

• Monitor precipitation rates and ground saturation

• Identify flooding caused by ice jam or rainfall in remote and urban areas

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rainfall in remote and urban areas• Estimate extent and depth of flooding

waters

River Ice and Flooding InitiativeNWS RFC PartnersNWS RFC Partners

11/27/2014 18

Asuncion

SNPP/VIIRS false-color image (composited by Imager bands 3, 2, 1) June 30, 2014 17:02 (UTC) around Asuncion, Paraguay

Sanmei Li (GMU)

Asuncion

SNPP/VIIRS flood detection map June 30, 2014 17:02 (UTC) around Asuncion, ParaguaySanmei Li (GMU)

VIIRS Flood map (coupled with 30 m Digital El ti M ) L d t 30 l tiElevation Map) vs Landsat 30 m resolution

September 17 2013 - Colorado FloodsSeptember 17, 2013 - Colorado Floods

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Satellite ApplicationsFire and SmokeFire and Smoke

JPSS Capabilities – JPSS Capabilities –Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)

• Societal Impacts• Leads to adverse environmental, social, and economic

i t• Global coverage, wide swath and good quality

detections along the entire scanline• Improved resolution over heritage sensors: dedicated

VIIRS “fi ” b d 750 i h i f fi

Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)impacts• Destruction to forest and rangeland vegetation, wildlife habitat,

adverse impacts on recreation, tourism, water quality and supply

• Smoke emissions• Affect air quality

VIIRS “fire” band at 750m without saturation of fire radiative power

• Higher resolution detection from 375m bands• DNB for enhance nighttime detection and

• Major health hazard• Major source of Greenhouse Gases

• 2013: 1,240,000 fires reported in the U.S.• Caused 3,240 civilian deaths, 15,925 civilian injuries and $11.5 billion

in property damage characterization of small fires

Capabilities Needed VIIRS imagery shows burn areas and smoke plume

in property damage.

• Knowledge of short and long-term impacts of fire is essential for effective risk assessment, policy formation, disaster and resource management

• Detect small fires in remote areas

• Wide swath to ensure better revisit frequency

Capabilities Needed g y pfrom King Fire, CA (Sept 17, 2014)

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• No degradation near the edge of swath

• Estimate radiative power of fires

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• Successfully use models to predict fire spread

and forecast smoke

Funny River Fire – Alaska - May 20, 2014Integrating various satellite data is

well recognized and emphasized

VIIRS Landsat 8 (30 m)

LANDSAT 8 (30 meter resolutionvs VIIRS 375 meter resolution)vs VIIRS 375 meter resolution)

Landsat 8

But Landsat has a 16 day repeat cycleBut Landsat has a 16 day repeat cycle

VIIRS 375 meter resolution is adequate for fire behavior modeling – predicting firemovement and smoke direction and speed.

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Comparing MODIS (250m) to VIIRS (375m) Edge of Scan

SummarySummaryJPSS i j t ib t t th l b l b i• JPSS is a major contributor to the global observing system.

• Suomi NPP instruments are performing exceptionallySuomi NPP instruments are performing exceptionally well!!

• Many applications will benefit and JPSS has a data l i i i d ff i h h NOAA liexploitation proving ground effort with each NOAA line 

office to improve product and services.• International partnerships are essentialInternational partnerships are essential.• Observations coupled with modeling, data fusion, with 

the underpinning research, are essential for transforming observations to the products, applications, and services needed to address environmental impacts on society. 

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Thank Youwww.jpss.noaa.govjp g

Product Maturity DefinitionJPSS/GOES-R Data Product Validation Maturity Stages – COMMON DEFINITIONS (Nominal

Mission)1 Beta1. Beta

o Product is minimally validated, and may still contain significant identified and unidentified errors.o Information/data from validation efforts can be used to make initial qualitative or very limited quantitative assessments regarding product

fitness-for-purpose.o Documentation of product performance and identified product performance anomalies, including recommended remediation strategies,

exists.

2. Provisional2. Provisionalo Product performance has been demonstrated through analysis of a large, but still limited (i.e., not necessarily globally or seasonally

representative) number of independent measurements obtained from selected locations, time periods, or field campaign efforts.o Product analyses are sufficient for qualitative, and limited quantitative, determination of product fitness-for-purpose.o Documentation of product performance, testing involving product fixes, identified product performance anomalies, including recommended

remediation strategies, exists.Product is recommended for operational use (user decision) and in scientific publicationso Product is recommended for operational use (user decision) and in scientific publications.

3. Validatedo Product performance has been demonstrated over a large and wide range of representative conditions (i e global seasonal)o Product performance has been demonstrated over a large and wide range of representative conditions (i.e., global, seasonal). o Comprehensive documentation of product performance exists that includes all known product anomalies and their recommended

remediation strategies for a full range of retrieval conditions and severity level. o Product analyses are sufficient for full qualitative and quantitative determination of product fitness-for-purpose.o Product is ready for operational use based on documented validation findings and user feedback.o Product validation, quality assurance, and algorithm stewardship continue through the lifetime of the instrument.

28May 2014, GOES-R, JPSS, and STAR Science Teams28