5 hematopoiesis
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Periods/Phases of Hematopoiesis
Adult Hematopoietic Tissue
Stem cell Theories and
Cell Production
Prof. Marilyn Uy-Garzon, RMT, MAST
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Mesoblastic Period
Hepatic Period
Myeloid/Medullary Period
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Mesoblastic Period
19 ± 20 days of gestation (2nd
week)
blood islands of the yolk sac
Primitive erythroblasts
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Mesoblastic Period
Portland
Gower I
Gower II
2 2
2
2
2 2
Hematopoeitic Dev¶tal. Periods ±
cont.
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Hepatic Period
definitive morphologic hematopoiesis
Hematopoeitic Dev¶tal. Periods ±
cont.
5th and 6th week of gestation
fetal hgb = 2 alpha and 2 gamma
fetal liver: primary erythroid organ
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Hematopoeitic Dev¶tal. Periods ±
cont.
Hepatic Period
spleen thymus lymph nodesFetal hepatic
hematopoiesis
Adult
extramedullary
hematopoiesis
rare
BM failure
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Myeloid/Medullary Period
5th month of gestation
bone marrow (long bones)
Hb A1
4th year of life = marrow replaced by fats
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Bone Marrow Lymph Nodes
Spleen Liver
Thymus
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Bone Marrow
Tissue within cavities of cortical bones
2 Types:
RED MARROW YELLOW MARROW
Hematopoietically active
Flat bones & proximal ends of long bones
Hematopoietically inactive
Adipocytes
50% red marrow, 50% yellow marrow
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Liver
Hematopoietic functions (adults):
Transport CHON synthesis
Storage of Minerals and Vitamins
Bilirubin Conjugation
Bilirubin transportation
Major site in hepatic hematopoiesis (fetus)
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Liver
Pathophysiology:
porphyriasEnzymatic deficiencies
Accumulation of intermediary
porphyrins
Bilirubin
conjugationFe++ storage
Severe H.A. & RBC dysplasias
Extramedullary
hematopoiesisBone marrow failure
Storage diseases Monocytes/macrophages (Kupffer
cells)
Enzymatic deficiencies
Hepatomegaly with liver
dysfunction
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Spleen Largest lymphoid organ
Vital but not essential for life
Functions:
Indiscriminate filter of blood
sequesters senescent red cells
CULLING
PITTINGStorage for platelets (1/3)
IgM synthesis
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Spleen
Pathophysiology:
hemolysis Increased environmental stress
splenomegaly
hypersplenism
Enlarged
Enlarged
Palpable
Pancytopenia
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Lymph Nodes Members of lymphatic system
Functions:
Formation of new lymphocytes
Processing of specific Igs
Filter particulate matter, debris, bacteria
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Lymph Nodes
Pathophysiology:
adenitis
Infiltration by malignant cells
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Thymus Efficient, well-developed at birthAtrophies with age
Pathophysiology:
Non-devt (gestation) Lack of T-lymphocytes
Uncontrollable infections
DeathThymic disturbance
(adults)No effect
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PLURIPOTENTIAL STEM CELL
One cell gives rise the varied blood
cells (E, L, M)
COMMITTED STEM CELLS
Give rise to descendants or progeny
cells that eventually becomerestricted to a specific cell line
development
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THSC
CFU-S
CFU-L
CFU-B
CFU-T
CFU-EBFU-E
CFU-Meg
CFU-Eo
CFU-GM
T - lymphocytes
B - lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils
Platelets
Erythrocytes
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F actors That Stimulate Hematopoiesis
ERYTHROPO
IESIS
LEUKOPOIE
SISMEGAKARYOCYT
OPOIESIS
Erythropoietin
HypoxiaColony stimulatingfactors
Interleukins
Thrombopoietin
Meg-CSF