5+ class 2 - cause analysis page 1 · a problem is negative so a cause should also be negative root...

5+ Class 2 - Cause Analysis

© LS Hub

Content Page

Cover Page P.1

Content page P.2

Part 1 - Lecture on Cause Analysis P.3-7

Basic Information of Cause Analysis and Steps for Analysis P.3

Level 5 Requirement, Problem and Root Cause P.4

Explain how a cause lead to a problem P.5

How to write process more explanatory and detailed? P.6

Structure, Process and Mark Distribution P.7

Part 2 - Conceptualization P.8-10

Level 1 - Concluding P.8

Retriving Information and Conceptual Term from the source P.9

Level 2 - Defining P.10

Part 3 - Sample Illustration and Exercises P.11-17

Sample Source P.11

Sample Outline P.12

Sample Illustration(1-2 marks, 3-4 marks and 5-6 marks) P.13-15

Exercise Assignment P.16-17

5+ Class 2 - Cause Analysis © LS Hub

Cause Analysis (因素分析)

16/5/2018 (Lesson 2)

Name:__________________________ Grade:____________

Your Goal: 5/6 in Cause Analysis

What is cause analysis?

1. Find out the Problem

2. Reason behind the problem

3. How the Reason lead to the Problem

***To explain why a reason lead to a problem

Steps for analyzing causes

1. Identify the problem occuring from the question (Problem of the

issue)

I.e. Explain two factors leading to lack of social mobility.-> Problem

a. What has been done wrong?

b. What is the issue occuring?

2. Identify the root cause (根本) from the sources provided (Explanatory

on P.3)

a. Referring back to the problem (A relationship is formed)

3. Explain how root cause lead to the problem

a. The process need to be clearly explained

b. Explain step by step how a root cause lead to the problem


Level 5 Basic Requirements:

❏ Identify the problem of the issue

❏ Identify the root cause of the issue (From the sources provided)

❏ Explain deeply on how the root cause leading to the problem

❏ Basic Conceptualization (Level 1 + 2)

Problem of the Issue

➢ What is wrong with the issue?

➢ Something harmful to something (E.g. Harmful to individual,

businesses, environment……)

➢ Leading to some impacts

➢ Some terms commonly used in problems (e.g. Lack of….., depression,

Not enough, conflicts, harmful to, affect, destruct….)

➢ Examples: Lack of social mobility, destruct biodiversity, Not enough

public housing, Depression of students…..)

Root Cause of an Issue (根本)

➢ A problem is negative so a cause should also be negative

➢ Root cause have a relationship with the problem

○ E.g. Problem: Depression, Cause: Too much homework

○ There is a relation between the cause and problem that the

cause can transit into problem

➢ The root cause is the root of the cause, it should be the origin

○ E.g. Cause: Too much HW -> Origin of depression

➢ The cause is negative (E.g. Lack of…., not enough…..)


Explain how a Cause lead to the Problem

Process Diagram

After identifying the problem and the cause:

Explain how root cause LEAD TO the problem occuring

Your explanation should be:

❏ Explanatory (Clear and can explain)

❏ Step by step (One step leading to one step leading to one step and

finally leading to the problem occurrence)

❏ Root cause -> Phenomenon/consequence ->

Phenomenon/consequence -> Consequence (The problem)

❏ The process need to be described and explained, use connectives such

as: Firstly, secondly, after that, such that, therefore, will lead to ……

E.g. Explain how academic inflation lead to lack of social mobility.

Academic inflation -> More and more academic degrees are available ->

more and more ppl. are available to receive tertiary education -> More

competitiveness -> Hard to climb up or outstand -> Lack of social mobility

(From academic inflation, through 4 processes explaining the reason of lack

of social mobility)


How to write causes more explanatory and detailed? (Level 5)

Structural Diagram:

You need to clearly explain HOW a phenomenon lead to/affecting another

phenomenon. Connect the relationship between cause and consequence

(causation) 緊扣因果關係

Use connective to connect the process: lead to, such that, then, after that…..

Changing from one phenomenon to another phenomenon:

1. Time-to-time (Phenomenon 1 should happen before Phenomenon 2)

2. Clearly describe the phenomenon change

a. Don’t change step

b. Through logical flow

c. Explanatory (Clearly explain + examples)

d. Refer back to the last phenomenon (Connection)

E.g. How lack of housing affect health?

Lack of housing -> No houses for the poor to live -> No shelter of the poor ->

They need to live in poor places -> Poor places poor hygiene -> Affect health


Structure and Process

1. Quotation Words 表示語 (E.g. Firstly, Secondly)

2. Topic Sentence (The Root Cause and the Problem)

3. Raise information from the sources

4. Define and explain the meaning of the root cause

5. How the root cause lead to the problem

6. The problem occurence and restate topic sentence

Firstly/Secondly, the cause/factor leading to ________(problem)_________

is _________(root cause)_________. The _________(root cause)_______

means that ______(definition and explanation)_________. From source X,

________(Quote the information from the source)_________. The

________(root cause)_________ will lead to ________(phenomenon /

consequence 1)________ such that will _________(phenomenon /

consequence 2)_______. Then it will _________(phenomenon/consequence

3)_______. Eventually, it will lead to _________(problem)________.

Therefore, the cause/factor leading to ________(problem)_________ is

_________(root cause)_________.

Paragraph 1 ~ Factor 1

Paragraph 2 ~ Factor 2

TWO factors, TWO paragraph (3 marks per factor x 2 = 6 marks):

1m - Identify and explain the cause 1m - Explanation (How…..lead to……) 1m - Explanation (Advanced Lv5 or above)

x 2 (2 factors) 6 marks


Conceptualization (Level 1)

Retriving Information and Explanation from the Source

To generalize/conceptualize the source.

To conclude the information from the source using few simple words in

order to get a root cause

Case Conceptualization

E.g. Annie is a mother who ignores and neglects her son. Whenever her son

ask her something, she ignores and don’t cares about her.

Conceptualization -> Using one term to conclude the information above ->

Uninvolved Parenting Style (Conceptualization)

Group Conceptualization

E.g. Apple, Orange, Grape, Pear, Mango -> Fruits (Conceptualization)

E.g. Light pollution, noise pollution, lack of housing -> Urban problems

From a group of terms, use one term to conclude the group of terms shown

above -> Conceptualization

Exercise

Use a term to conceptualize the following items:

1. Teacher-to-student, parent-to-child, peer-to-peer

_________________

2. Using wind-power can reduce generation of fossil fuels such that it is

good and sustainable to the environment. _________________


Getting causes and conceptualizations from the source (Reading

Comprehension)

To generalize the information from the sources by using conceptualization.

1. Find out the problem from the source

2. From the problem of the source, find out the root cause

Source - A conversation between mother and daughter

Daughter: Mum, I get 99 marks in my Chinese dictation.

Mother: What? Only 99 marks? I expect you to get 100 marks. You did totally

bad. (Hit the daughter by smashing and kicking her)

Conceptualization and generalizalization:

The Conceptual Term: Authoritarian Parenting Style (Leading impact and root

cause)

Problem: Hit the daughter -> Violence (Conceptualization)

Cause: Different expectations (Conceptualization)

Common Mistakes

1. Cannot identify the root cause/cause is not the root

2. Cannot connect relationship between the cause and the problem

a. Need to do and explain it step-by-step

3. Lack of conceptualization/generalization

4. No/lack of explanation

5. Structure is messy and unclear, follow the logical flow

6. Wrong Concept


Conceptualization (Level 2)

Definition (定義) - To define about the concept ~ Level 2

From level 1, after you get the conceptualized term. You will need to define the

term. To define, you will need to provide the definition and the meaning of

the term. Actually in LS, this is just a part of concept definition ->

Conceptualization

E.g. Quality of Life -> Quality of life is the people’s satisfaction towards material

life and spiritual life. (Just simply define it)

Requirements of Conceptualization (Definition):

1. Use less than 20 words to define the meaning

2. Use your own words to show your understanding (Not ability of

memorizing)

Structure for conceptualization (definition)

______(Conceptual Term)_______ is the ________(Meaning)____________.

Exercise: More and more people have university degree and it causes

competitiveness. -> 1. Conceptual

Term:________________________________

2. Definition:______________________________________________________


Sample Illustration

Source: Adapted from Education Bureau (CDI) (Module 1 - Personal

Development and Interpersonal Relationship P.147-P.148)

The following is a conversation between Janice and her mother: Janice: Mom, can we get a new computer? I can’t share with Stephy anymore. Mom: You spend so much time on the computer, who knows if you’re doing homework, or just chatting with your friends or playing games. If your grades go down, you’re a doomed failure. I don’t know why you need … Janice: But Mom, we both need to spend a lot of time searching for information on the computer for our projects and homework. I need one of my own. Mom: You are always asking for this and that … new mobile phone, iPad … When I was at your age, we did not have much money and I had to do housework and help out at your grandfather’s store to earn some pocket money which I saved up. We could not afford a TV, needless to say any kind of electronic devices like the ones you now enjoy. Janice: Mom, life is different now. A computer is a necessity … Mom: You just listen and don’t talk back to me. Look at your brother John, with his university scholarships, he still works part-time and contributes to support us monthly; and young Stephy, she is so much better than you! She was first in class and awarded a prize for Academic Excellence in primary school. Janice: Of course! You spend so much time with her, helping her with her homework, and she gets the best of everything, PlayStation Vita (video game), a new phone … But what about me? You don’t know anything about me and my needs! You just complain about my schoolwork! You hate my friends, criticise my behavior, my clothing … You don’t care if I do well! I can never meet your expectations and I’ll never be as good as them! Mom: Well, you seem to find it very difficult to listen to me, and I find it very difficult to make you understand …


With reference to the source, identify and explain TWO factors leading to

interpersonal conflict between Mom and Janice. (6 marks)

Problem

Root Cause

Process Diagram

Explanatory Process:

Root Cause

Phenomenon / Consequence 1



Leading to the Problem

Conceptualization Involved :

________________________________________________________________


Sample Essay (1-2/6 marks)

The cause is lack of communication. From the source, the last sentence

said from the mom that it seemed difficult to find Janice to listen to her and it

is very difficult for Janice to understand. This means that they have lack of

communication so they do not know each other much so it lead to conflict

between them.

The another cause is background. From the source, Janice wants to have

a computer but Mom explains that she doesn’t have a computer when she was

young. This means that they have different background so they have different

opinions and there are conflicts between them.

Criteria Rating Criteria Rating

Structure Root Cause

Identify Problem Describe Process

Conceptualization Overall


One of the cause leading to conflict between Janice and Mom is lack of

communication. From the source, the last sentence stated that the mom

seemed difficult to find Janice to listen to her and it is very difficult for Janice to

understand. This implies that there is a communication problem between the

parent and child where they have lack of communication such that Janice

found difficult to listen and understand the mother. In such case, when

daughter doesn’t understand the mother, then some conflicts will arise due to

miscommunications. Therefore, it lead to conflicts between Janice and mom.


The another cause leading to conflict between Janice and Mom is

different background. From the source, Janice wants to have a computer but

Mom explains that she doesn’t have a computer when she was young. This

implies that Janice in a new generation is common to have a computer but

Mom’s generation is not common to have a computer, leading to a difference

of background such that both parties will have different opinion towards

whether having a computer or not. As different people have different opinion,

conflicts arise due to different opinions. Therefore, this will lead to conflict

between mother and son.






Firstly, one of the cause leading to conflict between Janice and

Mom is lack of communication. From the source, the last sentence stated that

the mom seemed difficult to find Janice to listen to her and it is very difficult

for Janice to understand. This implies that there is a communication problem

between the parent and child where they have lack of communication such

that Janice found difficult to listen and understand the mother. Both parties

cannot communicate due to their not enough communication so the opposite

party cannot listen or understand each other. Interpersonal relationship is built

by various communications. In such case, when daughter doesn’t understand

the mother, then some conflicts such as communication problems will arise


due to miscommunications. They don’t understand each other well so opinions

may have different ideas so it will lead to conflict. Therefore, it lead to conflicts

between Janice and mom.

The another cause leading to conflict between Janice and Mom is

different background. From the source, Janice wants to have a computer but

Mom explains that she doesn’t have a computer when she was young. This

implies that Janice in a new generation is common to have a computer but

Mom’s generation is not common to have a computer, leading to a difference

of background such that both parties will have different opinion towards

whether having a computer or not. Parent-to-child relationship is formed by a

parent and a child in different generations. Different generations cause a gap

(generation gap) As different people have different opinion, especially in

different background and generations, conflicts such as arguments,

miscommunications will arise due to different opinions. They don’t understand

the background of each other so it may cause friction and conflicts between

the parent and child. Therefore, this will lead to conflict between mother and

son.





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Exercise Assignment

Source A: A conversation between two married couple

Annie: Husband, I want to have a baby.

Benny: No, feeding a baby needs $10,000,000. Not like in our age that

simple.

Annie: But I want to have a baby, this is the responsibility of a married couple

to continue the generation.

Benny: But the current situation doesn’t allow us. Thus, I think babies are

disturbing and annoying.

Annie: Oh you don’t love me anymore. Let’s divorce.

Benny: Well, you seem to find it very difficult to listen to me, and I find it

very

difficult to make you understand …

Source B: Adapted from a newspaper report dated 6 September 2017

Sandy To Sin-chi, a Hong Kong-based sociologist, said the soaring divorce rate could be partly attributed to changing attitudes among women, who have a greater sense of their own worth.

“Women are now less willing to tolerate an unhappy marriage,” To said. “They are more independent and financially equipped, and they can opt out if things go wrong.”

The rise in the number of failed marriages is a major concern for the government, however, as it regards families as the building blocks of a stable society.

(a) With reference to source A, source B and your own knowledge, identify and

explain TWO factors that lead to divorce of married couples. (6 marks)


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5+ class 2 - cause analysis page 1 · a problem is negative so a cause should also be negative root...

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