5 bioreactor operating experience · examples of bioreactor operating experience e. mcbean, ph.d.,...
TRANSCRIPT
1
1
Examples of BioreactorOperating Experience
E. McBean, Ph.D., P.Eng., P.E.School of EngineeringUniversity of Guelph
©
2
Tucuman Bioreactor
• Part of a multi-year project beingundertaken in Tucuman, Argentina
• Cell One - 30 m x 50 m x 6 m depth• Estimated 6200 tonnes of refuse
2
3
Tucuman Bioreactor
• Expected rate of gas generation k= 0.024/yr• Value obtained to date k’ = 0.515/yr
• 75 cfm at 45% methane
4
Situation prior to construction of Bioreactor
© McBean
3
5
© McBean
6
Table 2: Comparison of Waste Compositions (in%) in Argentina and Canad
Constituent Category Tucumán, Argentina Vancouver, Canad
Organics 64.1 33.5
Plastics 7.05 13.3
Metals 2 3.4
Batteries 0.1 0.1
Bottles/Glass 3.1 3.1
Textiles 1.3 3.9
Diapers 6.1 2.5
Paper, Newsprint 9.0 27.1
Cardboard 3.2 5.2
Styrene 0.1 Nm
Inorganics/Other 3.8 2.92
Table 2: Comparison of Waste Compositions (in%) in Argentina and Canad
Constituent Category Tucumán, Argentina Vancouver, Canad
Organics 64.1 33.5
Plastics 7.05 13.3
Metals 2 3.4
Batteries 0.1 0.1
Bottles/Glass 3.1 3.1
Textiles 1.3 3.9
Diapers 6.1 2.5
Paper, Newsprint 9.0 27.1
Cardboard 3.2 5.2
Styrene 0.1 Nm
Inorganics/Other 3.8 2.92
4
7
Table 1: Mean climatic data, Tucumán, Argentina
Months Mean Air Temperature (°C) Mean precipitation (mm)
January 24.5 183
February 23.7 159
March 22 162
April 18.3 59
May 15.4 29
June 12.3 19
July 12.6 10
August 14 8
September 17.1 12
October 20.2 77
November 22.5 108
December 24.6 150
Total 19 976
Table 1: Mean climatic data, Tucumán, Argentina
Months Mean Air Temperature (°C) Mean precipitation (mm)
January 24.5 183
February 23.7 159
March 22 162
April 18.3 59
May 15.4 29
June 12.3 19
July 12.6 10
August 14 8
September 17.1 12
October 20.2 77
November 22.5 108
December 24.6 150
Total 19 976
8
© McBean
5
9
© McBean
10
© McBean
6
11
© McBean
12© McBean
7
13© McBean
14
© McBean
8
15© McBean
16© McBean
9
17
Photo 15
© McBean
18
© McBean
10
19
© McBean
20
Table 3: Nonlinear Regression Results
Constituent Gas Regression Result K (year-1) Lo (m3/metric tonne)
LFG G = 0.49·L0·M·e(-0.49·t) 0.49 322
Methane G = 0.51·L0·M·e(-0.51·t) 0.51 167
Table 3: Nonlinear Regression Results
Constituent Gas Regression Result K (year-1) Lo (m3/metric tonne)
LFG G = 0.49·L0·M·e(-0.49·t) 0.49 322
Methane G = 0.51·L0·M·e(-0.51·t) 0.51 167
11
21
Table 4: Time to Varying Percentages of Cumulative Methane Generation
Time to:Tucumán Bioreactor
Rate Constant (1)
k = 0.515 year-1
USEPA RateConstant (2)
k=0.21 year-1
Ontario RateConstant (3)
k = 0.024 year-1
50% generation 1.3 years 3.2 years 28.8 years
80% generation 3.1 years 7.6 years 66.9 years
95% generation 5.8 years 14.2 years 124.5 years
Notes:(1) Calculated Rate Constant for the Tucumán Bioreactor(2) Maximum USEPA Rate Constant; k=0.21 year-1 (Pelt et al., 1998)(3) Default Rate Constant for the Province of Ontario; (k = 0.024 year-1) (Levelton, 1991;
Environment Canada, 2001)
Table 4: Time to Varying Percentages of Cumulative Methane Generation
Time to:Tucumán Bioreactor
Rate Constant (1)
k = 0.515 year-1
USEPA RateConstant (2)
k=0.21 year-1
Ontario RateConstant (3)
k = 0.024 year-1
50% generation 1.3 years 3.2 years 28.8 years
80% generation 3.1 years 7.6 years 66.9 years
95% generation 5.8 years 14.2 years 124.5 years
Notes:(1) Calculated Rate Constant for the Tucumán Bioreactor(2) Maximum USEPA Rate Constant; k=0.21 year-1 (Pelt et al., 1998)(3) Default Rate Constant for the Province of Ontario; (k = 0.024 year-1) (Levelton, 1991;
Environment Canada, 2001)
22
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (years)
LFG
Em
issi
on R
ate
(cfm
)
Biocell 1 LFG Generation Rate (Semi-monthly/Monthly Averages)
LFG generation rate using Cell 1 f ield data (k=0.49)
G = 0.49 Lo M exp (-0.49.t)
Sept-02 Sept-03 Sept-04 Sept-05 Sept-06 Sept-07 Sept-08 Sept-09 Sept-10 Sept-11Sept-01
Figure 2A: LFG Generation Rate over Time, Tucumán Bioreactor, Argentina
12
23Figure 2B: Methane Generation Rate over Time, Tucumán Bioreactor, Argentina
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (years)
CH
4 Em
issi
on R
ate
(cfm
)
Biocell 1 Methane Generation Rate (Semi-monthly/Monthly Averages)
LFG generation rate using Cell 1 f ield data (k=0.49)
G = 0.51 Lo M exp (-0.51.t)
Sept-02 Sept-03 Sept-04 Sept-05 Sept-06 Sept-07 Sept-08 Sept-09 Sept-10 Sept-11Sept-01
24Figure 3A: Comparison of Different Rate Constants on LFG Data, Tucumán Bioreactor, Argentina
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (years)
LFG
Em
issi
on R
ate
(cfm
)
Biocell 1 LFG Generation Rate (Semi-monthly/Monthly Averages)
LFG generation rate using Cell 1 f ield data (k=0.49)
Maximum LFG generation potential for conventional landfills (USEPA) (k=0.21)
LFG generation rate for typical conventional landfills (k=0.024)
50% (K = 0.49)
95% (K = 0.49)
80% (K = 0.49)
50% (K = 0.21)
80% (K = 0.21)
G = 0.49 Lo M exp (-0.49.t)
Sept-02 Sept-03 Sept-04 Sept-05 Sept-06 Sept-07 Sept-08 Sept-09 Sept-10 Sept-11Sept-01
13
25Figure 3B: Comparison of Different Rate Constants on Methane Data, Tucumán Bioreactor, Argentina
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (years)
CH
4 Em
issi
on R
ate
(cfm
)
Biocell 1 Methane Generation Rate (Semi-monthly/Monthly Averages)
LFG generation rate using Cell 1 f ield data (k=0.49)
Maximum LFG generation rate for conventional landfills (USEPA) (k=0.21)
LFG generation rate for typical conventional landfill (k=0.024)
50% (K = 0.51)
95% (K = 0.51)
80% (K = 0.51)
50% (K = 0.21) 80%
(K = 0.21)
G = 0.51 Lo M exp (-0.51.t)
Sept-02 Sept-03 Sept-04 Sept-05 Sept-06 Sept-07 Sept-08 Sept-09 Sept-10 Sept-11Sept-01
26
TIME (YEARS)
Figure 5: Subsidence Rate over Time, Tucumán Bioreactor, Argentina
DE
GR
EE
OF
SUB
SID
EN
CE
(% O
FO
RIG
INA
L)
Aug-01 Oct-02 Apr-03 Nov-0370
90
100
Mar-02
80
Aug-01 Oct-02 Apr-03 Nov-0370
90
100
Mar-02
80
14
27
Table 5: Heavy Metal Concentrations in Leachate over Time
Time
Metal (mg/L) March 2002(7 months)
December 2002(17 months)
February 200319 months
December 200440 months
Chromium 1.4 1.07 0.65 0.85
Lead 0.23 Nm 0.17 0.04Iron 24.4 14.5 10.0 8.8
Zinc 0.43 Nm 0.28 NmNote: Nm = Not measured
Table 5: Heavy Metal Concentrations in Leachate over Time
Time
Metal (mg/L) March 2002(7 months)
December 2002(17 months)
February 200319 months
December 200440 months
Chromium 1.4 1.07 0.65 0.85
Lead 0.23 Nm 0.17 0.04Iron 24.4 14.5 10.0 8.8
Zinc 0.43 Nm 0.28 NmNote: Nm = Not measured
28
Getlini Eko Landfill
• Biocells for Riga, Latvia
15
29
30
16
31
32
17
33© McBean
34© McBean
18
35© McBean
36© McBean
19
37
Numerous gas collection methodologies
© McBean
38© McBean
20
39
© McBean
40© McBean
21
41© McBean
42
© McBean
22
43
44
23
45
46
24
47
48
• Questions?