5-4 classifying reactions
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Write the formula for the following compounds:
– Potassium hydroxide• KOH
– Sulfur dioxide• SO2
– Iron (II) phosphate• Fe3(PO4)2
– Tetracarbon octahydride• C4H8
Warm-up (own paper)
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5-5 Types of reactions• Objectives
– Discuss factors that affect reaction rates.– Classify chemical reactions as synthesis,
decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, or combustion reactions.
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Reaction Rates• The speed of the reaction
• Temperature
• Surface area
• Stirring
• Concentration
Prediction Results
Fast or slow
Fast or Slow
Fast or Slow
Fast or Slow
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Conservation of Mass• Mass can not be created or destroyed.
• Total number of atoms before reaction must be equal to total number after reaction.
• Atoms are rearranged in chemical reaction.
• Mass of reactants must be equal to mass of products.
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Converting Mass to Moles
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Converting Mass to Moles
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Converting Mass to Moles
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Converting Mass to Moles
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Converting Mass to Moles
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Converting Mass to Moles
• Each line shows the conservation of mass.
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Classifying Reactions• Synthesis – combining two reactants to
make one product.– A + B AB
– 2H2 + O2 2H2O
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Classifying Reactions• Decomposition – Compound breaks
down into two or more simpler substances.– AB A + B
– CaCO3 CaO + CO2
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Classifying Reactions• Single replacement – one element takes
the place of another element in a compound.– A + BC B + AC
– Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
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Activity Series• After experimentation chemists
compiled a list of elements arranged in decreasing activity.
• The element at the top of the list will replace those elements at the bottom.
Activity series of MetalsLithium (Li)Potassium (K)Calcium (Ca)Sodium (Na)Magnesium (Mg)Aluminum (Al)Zinc (Zn)
Rea
ctiv
ity D
ecre
asesIron (Fe)
Lead (Pb)Hydrogen (H)Copper (Cu)Mercury (Hg)Silver (Ag)
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Classifying Reactions• Double Replacement – two different
compounds exchange positive ions and form two new compounds.– AB + CD AD + CB
– Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI PbI2 + 2KNO3
– CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2CO3
– H2CO3 CO2 + H2O
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Combustion• A reaction in which a substance reacts
rapidly with oxygen, often producing heat and light.– CxHy + O2 CO2 + 2H2O (+ Heat + Light)
– Most combustion reactions are with carbon (organic compounds.)
– 2H2 + O2 2H2O
– Combustion of hydrogen, but also a synthesis.
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5-4 Summary• What are the five types of reactions?
– Synthesis– Decomposition– Single-replacement– Double-replacement– Combustion