4th grading review class social studies
TRANSCRIPT
Parts of the Review1. Key Terms / Concepts2. Important People3. Significant Things 4. Analysis
Coverage of the Long Test • Renaissance• Protestant Reformation and Counter-
Reformation• Age of Exploration (European Colonial Empire)• Industrial Revolution• World War I
Protestant Reformation and Counter - Reformation
• Indulgence – a payment made to the Church for the salvation of the soul in purgatory
• Great Schism – A period where there existed to rival popes (one in Rome and one in France)
• Predestination – a doctrine championed by John Calvin which tells that people who would be saved by God were already predestined by God
• Augsburg Confession – the creed of the Lutheran Church
• Act of Supremacy – by King Henry VIII, an act making the King of England as the head of the Church of England
• 39 article – the creed of the Anglican Church• Inquisition – a council which aims to put to
trial and punishment heresy• Index – a list of books which Roman Catholics
are not allowed to read• Society of Jesus – by St. Ignatius de Loyola, an
organization which aims to win back Catholics from the Protestants
Age of Exploration
• Treaty of Tordesillas – A papal bull which divides the World into two between Spain(West) and Portugal(East)
• Mercantilism – An economic doctrine which asserts that the basis of the greatness of a nation would be the amount of gold and silver that its possess
• Commercial Revolution – “Commerce” An expansion of foreign trade
Industrial Revolution• Industrial Revolution – a non-violent change in the
way of life of humans which transforms the economic and technological aspects of society; the replacement of human labor by machines
• Domestic/Cottage Industries - a method of production in which raw materials are distributed to employees who work at home to produce goods
• Factory system – a method of production in which workers are brought together to produce goods by machines in factories
• Bessemer process - removal of impurities from iron to make it harder
• Macadamization – new way of building roads• Capitalism – the economic system that is
based on a free market and open competition• Laissez faire – No government intervention in
business• Communism – A politico-economic system
where the means of production would be held in common and everyone’s needs would be met
World War I
• Imperialism – extending of a nation’s power through the conquest of other land for economic and political advantages
• Jingoism/Chauvinism – extreme nationalism which looks down to other as “inferior”
• Militarism – a principle of placing the military in the top priority of a country building up powerful armies and great navies
• Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy• Triple Entente – Britain, France, Russia• Black Hand – A Serbian Secret Group which aims
to liberate Serbian lands from the hands of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire
• Trench Warfare – Method of war which builds up defensive positions to protect territories gained
• Ace – A title given to a pilot who downed 5 enemy aircrafts being witnessed by three people
• Kaiser – German Emperor• Czar – Russian Emperor
• Zimmerman note/code • Fourteen Points – plans for peace by Pres.
Wilson• Armistice – a halt to fighting; 11th month of
the 11th day of the 11th hour all fighting will cease.
• Treaty of Versailles – aims to made Germany pay for the war by crippling them
• Martin Luther – “Father of the Protestant Reformation; translated the Bible into German; 95 Theses
• Johann Gutenburg – Inventor of the Printing Press
• John Wycliffe – Translated the Bible to English• Desiderius Erasmus – wrote the “In Praise of
Folly:• Philip Melanchton – Augsburg Confessions
• John Calvin – Calvinism; Predestination• John Knox – Presbyterianism-Scotland• King Henry VIII – “Defender of the Faith”; Act
of Supremacy• Council of Trent• St. Ignatius de Loyola – Founder of the Society
of Jesus• Francis Xavier – Apostle to the Indies
• Amerigo Vespucci – New World• Christopher Columbus – discovers America• Elizabeth I – “Mistress of the Seas”• Hernando Cortez – conquered Mexico• Ferdinand Magellan – discovered the Philippines• Miguel Lopez de Legaspi – conquered the Philippines• Henry Ford – Assembly line• Daimler Gottlieb – Internal Combustion engine• Rudolf Diesel – Diesel engine• Wright Brothers – Airplane• Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone• Samuel Morse – Telegraph• Henry Bessemer – Bessemer Process• John Mc Adam - Macadamization
• George Stephenson – Steam locomotive (Rocket)• Robert Fulton – Steamship (Clermont)• Karl Marx – “Communist Manifesto”; Father of
Communism• Adam Smith – “Wealth of Nations”; Father of Modern
Economics – Capitalism• Archduke Francis Ferdinand – Heir to the Austrian-
Hungarian throne• Gavrilo Princip – Assassin of the Black Hand
Movement• “Red Baron” – Greatest ace of the Great war• Pres. Woodrow Wilson – 14 points; League of Nations• Vladimir Lenin – Father of Communist Russia• Joseph Stalin – made Russia into a great power
• Invention of the Printing Press by Gutenburg• Corruption in the Church – Simony, Indulgence,
luxurious life of clergy, unbiblical practices• Posting of the Ninety-five these in Wittenburg by
Martin Luther• Salvation by Grace through Faith• Bible as Sole guide for man’s salvation• Excommunication of Martin Luther• Spread Of Protestantism• Catholic Counter-Reformation• Council of Trent• Missionary Achievements• Pioneer of the Exploration – Portugal• 3 g’s God, Gold, Glory
• Discovery of a new route by sea to Asia by Portugal
• Demarcation set by Rome• Treaty of Tordesillas• Exploration of France, Netherlands, Britain• Imperialism of European countries• Africa as the Dark Continent• Old World – Europe; New World – Americas• Great Britain as pioneer of the Industrial
Revolution• Agricultural Revolution – Industrial Revolution• Industrial Revolution starts with the Textile
Industry
• Improvement on Manufacturing (Mass Production), Transportation, and Communication
• Shift from Domestic to Factory system• Assembly line improves the factory• Shift from Mercantilism to Capitalism• Capitalism vs. Communism• Urbanization• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
starts World War 1 – the Great War• Great War – “the war to end all wars”• Austria attacks Serbia; Serbia backed by Russia
• Austria-Hungary backed by Germany• Russia backed by France• Germany attacks Belgium; Great Britain joins
the War: World War I begins• Stalemate – both side are not winning• Zimmerman code/note• Sinking of the Lusitania• 1917 – withdrawal of Russia from the war• Germany surrenders despite not being
defeated• 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month all
fighting would cease – Armistice• Treaty of Versailles
Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
• Causes: Decline of the Papacy, Luxury of the Church, Simony, Immoralities, Certain Church doctrines that are not based form the Bible - Indulgences
• Theological Issues: Sola Scriptura, Sola Gratia, Sola Fide
• Start of the Reformation: Posting of the 95 Theses
• Difference of Catholics and Protestants• Results of the Reformation:• Destroyed Religious Unity• Rise of different Christian denominations such
as Lutherans, Calvinists, Anglicans, etc.• Reforms in the Catholic Church• Religious War• Started a spiritual revivals
Exploration
• Motivation/Reason: God, Gold, Glory• Devices: Astrolabe, Portolani, Compass• Henry the “Navigator”• Results: Widening of the knowledge of
Geography, Spread of Christianity and European civilization, Wars for Colonial Supremacy, Commercial Revolution, Rise of Mercantilism
Industrial Revolution
• Agricultural Revolution• Textile Industries• Transportation• Communication• Industrial Revolution – Mechanization, usage
of power, and factory• Pioneer: Great Britain
Positive Effects
• Expansion of Industries• Increase in Commerce and
trade• Growth of population• Rise of Cities• Greater comforts and High
standards of living• Division of labor• Increase of wealth• Capitalism
Negative Effects
• Ruining of the Domestic system
• Exploitation of people• Decadence of the rural
communities• Child and woman labor• Unemployment• Concentration of wealth to
a few people• Clash among capitalists and
workers• Communism
World War I
• Causes: Extreme Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and Rival Alliances
• Tripe Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy• Triple Entente – Britain, France, Russia• Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Ottoman, Bulgaria, etc.• Allies Powers – Britain, France, Russia, U.S,
Japan
• Formation of Alliances• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand• Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia• Russia aids Serbia• Germany helps Austria-Hungary• France declares war to the Central Powers• Germany attacks Belgium so it could go to
France• Britain declares war• Stalemate – Trench warfare• American entry to the war• Armistice• Treaty of Versailles