4th grade writing - pendleton school district€¦ · selection from your science or history book...
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![Page 1: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
4th Grade
Writing
April 13-17
bull School websites also have links to great websites for practicing grade-level skills
4th Grade Writing
Week 1 April 13-17
A Poewi A Week
Write a Spring Poem focus on images (capture how something looks
tastes smells feels and sounds)
Poetry uses the sound and rhythm of words to suggest images and express feelings
Rhyme is the repeated sounds at the end of two or more words It helps give a poem rhythm and form
Read the To a Red Kite by Lilian Moore Create your own spring poem a word bank is provided You can also illustrate it
Spring Poem Word Bank
Spring flowers tulips daffodils
Showery blossoms blooming galoshes grass green grow
animals chicks bunnies foals April eggs hatch born
Grammar pages 283284285
Use The 4th Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice packet as a
guide to write a summary for the article Magician of the Sea
8rAi11 Worluuf Inventing a Robot worksheet
TOAREDIGTE
Fling yourself upon the sky
Take the string you need Ride high
high above the park Tug and buck and lark with the wind
Touch a cloud red kite
Follow the - ild geese middot in their fhgh t
Lilian Moore
(3 3)
l q g g Sclplo~+ic rrc
Name ___________ _ Date ____ _
Comparativemiddot Forms of Adjectives
Lesson 21 READERS NOTEBOOK
The World According to Humphrey
Grammar Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs
A comparative adjective compares one person place or thing to another To form a comparative adjective you can usually add -er to the adjective If the adjective ends in y change they to i before adding -er
adjective comparative adjective
Jacob is taller than Josh The weather is drier today than yesterday
Josh is tall The weather is dry today
1-4 Write the comparative form of the adjective in each sentence 1 I think that spring feels (warm) ______ than winter
2 My dog seems hungry but your dog looks ------
3 Maddie is sbort but Cindy is _____ _
4 Her song is lovely but I think your song sounds _____ _
Some comparative adjectives are formed by adding the word more Usually longer adjectives form the comparative this way
Joe is more polite than Henry
Thinking Questions Are there two persons places or things being compared Does the adjective end in -er or use more
5-8 Write the -comparative form of each adjective 5 Sally felt (miserable) ___ ____ when she knew
she had the flu
6 That company is (efficient) ________ than its
competitor
7 Will you feel (comfortable) ________ sitting here
8 Tonights dinner tastes delicious) than
last nights
Grammar 283 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved
Name ___________ _ Date _ ___ _
Superlative Forms of Adjectives
Lesson 21 READERS NOfEBOOK
The World According to Humphrey
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs
When we use adjectives to compare more than two persons places or things we use the superlative form of the adjective To form a superlative adjective add
-est or write most before the adjective _____
Adjective Comparative Superlative happy happier happiest
complex more complex most complex
Emily is luckier than Mary but Alyssa is the luckiest of all
Without a map Gregory is more confused than ~ew but Edwin is the most confused
Thinking Questions Are there more than two persons places or things being compared Does the adjective end in -est 0r use most
1-5 Write the correct form of the adjective in parentheses to complete the sentence
1 A rose is pretty but Tom thinks an orchid is (pretty)
2 Susan says that of all the flowers the peony is the (pretty)
3 This tulip is the (bright) ______ shade of red Ive
ever seen
4 Carrie told him that lavender smells (wonderful)
5 Trees grow the (tall) ______ of all plants
Grammar 284 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved
Lesson 21 READERS bullNOTEBOOK Name ____ ______ _ _ Date ____ _
The World According to Humphrey Comparative and Superlative
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs Forms of Adverbs
Adverbs often work with verbs and tell how when or where an action happens They are used with actionmiddot verbs and many end with -ly A comparative adverb
compares the action of two or more things The word more is often used A superlative adverb -compares the action of more than two things The word most is often used
Adverb Comparative Superlative Thinking Questions Does the adverb end in
slowly more slowly most slowly -ly Is the word more
soon sooner soonest ____ or most added
promptly more promptly most promptly
Use a comparative or superlative adverb for each blank below Use the list on the right to help you complete the sentences
1 Although many musicians were loud Donald played
the trumpet ____ _
2 Sarah could add numbers _____ than her
brother
3 Jerry ran ____ than his best friend
4 Of all my friends Carmin lives ____ _
5 Marty worked ____ on the project than his
partner
6 Jeremy answered the question _____ __ _
of the three contestants
louder loudest more quickly most quickly more completely most completely closer closest harder hardest faster fastest
Grammar 285 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mittlin Harcourl Publishing Company All righls reserved
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Directions bull Read through the writing instruction pages Steps to Writing a
Summary Paragraph bull Practice writing a summary paragraph using the example selection
Snow bull Then use the practice selections or choose about a five paragraph
selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph
bull When you feel comfortable with the summary writing process complete your yearly school-wide writing sample assignment
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 1 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph 1 Read the entire selection Plan your topic sentence using the three part topic
sentence graphic organizer called NAME IT - VERB IT - FINISH IT Memorize and draw this topic sentence organizer when planning the topic sentence for your writing assignment Refer to the verb chart when selecting the verb
a Topic Sentence Blank graphic organizer
b Topic Sentence Graphic organizer explained
NAME IT VERB IT FINISH IT
Identify the text (genre title author) Genre usually an article Titles of articles are always in quotes Titles of books are underlined
Select a verb explains
(See verb chart for more verb
Finish your thought Finish the sentence with the main idea of the text
(See titles chart for quoteunderline) suggestions)
2 Re-write your writing assignment topic sentence from your graphic organizer ontc the lines below to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
3 Now for your paragraphs use a different graphic organizer (shown below) Draw c graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection you are to summarize (If yo have five paragraphs you would draw five lines that are divided down your planni page) Re-read the selection As you read circle one main idea word in each paragraph and underline 5 key words in each paragraph The main idea word will often be in first sentence of each paragraph It is also often the word that is repeated most in the paragraph
Main Paragraph Word Five Key Words (separated by commas)
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 2 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
4 Make paragraph key word outlines When you have finished identifying one main word and five key words in each paragraph write the words from paragraph one o graphic organizer one the words from paragraph two on graphic organizer two1 et and do this for all the paragraphs DO copy the main and key words from the selection onto your organizers Check them for spelling DO NOT copy long phrai or whole sentences
(Paragraph 1)
(Paragraph 2)
(Paragraph 3)
(Paragraph 4)
(Paragraph 5)
5 Once you have completed the planning phase (topic sentence and paragraph organizers) you are ready to write your summary paragraph
bull Begin your summary paragraph with your topic sentence Remember to indent this sentence bull Use the main and key words from paragraph one to write the next 1-3 sentences bull Use the main and key words from paragraph two to write the next 1-3 sentences Do bull this for all paragraphs If there are a lot of short paragraphs or the paragraphs have a bull lot of dialogue you may want to simply divide the selection into your own arbitrary paragraphs bull for planning purposes bull When you are done you should have one summary paragraph that begins with an indent and bull that is only about 13 tofrac14 as long as the original selection bull Use the Summary Writing Checklist to make sure you have met the requirements of a bull good summary paragraph
6 Scoring bull Refer to the schools Summary Writing Scoring Rubric and score your paper bull Give your summary to someone else to score and see how your scores compare
Discuss differences in scoring to determine why the scores were different This will help you to learn and understand the scoring rubric
Summary Writing Topic Sentence Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 3 oflO Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 2: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
4th Grade Writing
Week 1 April 13-17
A Poewi A Week
Write a Spring Poem focus on images (capture how something looks
tastes smells feels and sounds)
Poetry uses the sound and rhythm of words to suggest images and express feelings
Rhyme is the repeated sounds at the end of two or more words It helps give a poem rhythm and form
Read the To a Red Kite by Lilian Moore Create your own spring poem a word bank is provided You can also illustrate it
Spring Poem Word Bank
Spring flowers tulips daffodils
Showery blossoms blooming galoshes grass green grow
animals chicks bunnies foals April eggs hatch born
Grammar pages 283284285
Use The 4th Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice packet as a
guide to write a summary for the article Magician of the Sea
8rAi11 Worluuf Inventing a Robot worksheet
TOAREDIGTE
Fling yourself upon the sky
Take the string you need Ride high
high above the park Tug and buck and lark with the wind
Touch a cloud red kite
Follow the - ild geese middot in their fhgh t
Lilian Moore
(3 3)
l q g g Sclplo~+ic rrc
Name ___________ _ Date ____ _
Comparativemiddot Forms of Adjectives
Lesson 21 READERS NOTEBOOK
The World According to Humphrey
Grammar Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs
A comparative adjective compares one person place or thing to another To form a comparative adjective you can usually add -er to the adjective If the adjective ends in y change they to i before adding -er
adjective comparative adjective
Jacob is taller than Josh The weather is drier today than yesterday
Josh is tall The weather is dry today
1-4 Write the comparative form of the adjective in each sentence 1 I think that spring feels (warm) ______ than winter
2 My dog seems hungry but your dog looks ------
3 Maddie is sbort but Cindy is _____ _
4 Her song is lovely but I think your song sounds _____ _
Some comparative adjectives are formed by adding the word more Usually longer adjectives form the comparative this way
Joe is more polite than Henry
Thinking Questions Are there two persons places or things being compared Does the adjective end in -er or use more
5-8 Write the -comparative form of each adjective 5 Sally felt (miserable) ___ ____ when she knew
she had the flu
6 That company is (efficient) ________ than its
competitor
7 Will you feel (comfortable) ________ sitting here
8 Tonights dinner tastes delicious) than
last nights
Grammar 283 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved
Name ___________ _ Date _ ___ _
Superlative Forms of Adjectives
Lesson 21 READERS NOfEBOOK
The World According to Humphrey
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs
When we use adjectives to compare more than two persons places or things we use the superlative form of the adjective To form a superlative adjective add
-est or write most before the adjective _____
Adjective Comparative Superlative happy happier happiest
complex more complex most complex
Emily is luckier than Mary but Alyssa is the luckiest of all
Without a map Gregory is more confused than ~ew but Edwin is the most confused
Thinking Questions Are there more than two persons places or things being compared Does the adjective end in -est 0r use most
1-5 Write the correct form of the adjective in parentheses to complete the sentence
1 A rose is pretty but Tom thinks an orchid is (pretty)
2 Susan says that of all the flowers the peony is the (pretty)
3 This tulip is the (bright) ______ shade of red Ive
ever seen
4 Carrie told him that lavender smells (wonderful)
5 Trees grow the (tall) ______ of all plants
Grammar 284 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved
Lesson 21 READERS bullNOTEBOOK Name ____ ______ _ _ Date ____ _
The World According to Humphrey Comparative and Superlative
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs Forms of Adverbs
Adverbs often work with verbs and tell how when or where an action happens They are used with actionmiddot verbs and many end with -ly A comparative adverb
compares the action of two or more things The word more is often used A superlative adverb -compares the action of more than two things The word most is often used
Adverb Comparative Superlative Thinking Questions Does the adverb end in
slowly more slowly most slowly -ly Is the word more
soon sooner soonest ____ or most added
promptly more promptly most promptly
Use a comparative or superlative adverb for each blank below Use the list on the right to help you complete the sentences
1 Although many musicians were loud Donald played
the trumpet ____ _
2 Sarah could add numbers _____ than her
brother
3 Jerry ran ____ than his best friend
4 Of all my friends Carmin lives ____ _
5 Marty worked ____ on the project than his
partner
6 Jeremy answered the question _____ __ _
of the three contestants
louder loudest more quickly most quickly more completely most completely closer closest harder hardest faster fastest
Grammar 285 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mittlin Harcourl Publishing Company All righls reserved
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Directions bull Read through the writing instruction pages Steps to Writing a
Summary Paragraph bull Practice writing a summary paragraph using the example selection
Snow bull Then use the practice selections or choose about a five paragraph
selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph
bull When you feel comfortable with the summary writing process complete your yearly school-wide writing sample assignment
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 1 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph 1 Read the entire selection Plan your topic sentence using the three part topic
sentence graphic organizer called NAME IT - VERB IT - FINISH IT Memorize and draw this topic sentence organizer when planning the topic sentence for your writing assignment Refer to the verb chart when selecting the verb
a Topic Sentence Blank graphic organizer
b Topic Sentence Graphic organizer explained
NAME IT VERB IT FINISH IT
Identify the text (genre title author) Genre usually an article Titles of articles are always in quotes Titles of books are underlined
Select a verb explains
(See verb chart for more verb
Finish your thought Finish the sentence with the main idea of the text
(See titles chart for quoteunderline) suggestions)
2 Re-write your writing assignment topic sentence from your graphic organizer ontc the lines below to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
3 Now for your paragraphs use a different graphic organizer (shown below) Draw c graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection you are to summarize (If yo have five paragraphs you would draw five lines that are divided down your planni page) Re-read the selection As you read circle one main idea word in each paragraph and underline 5 key words in each paragraph The main idea word will often be in first sentence of each paragraph It is also often the word that is repeated most in the paragraph
Main Paragraph Word Five Key Words (separated by commas)
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 2 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
4 Make paragraph key word outlines When you have finished identifying one main word and five key words in each paragraph write the words from paragraph one o graphic organizer one the words from paragraph two on graphic organizer two1 et and do this for all the paragraphs DO copy the main and key words from the selection onto your organizers Check them for spelling DO NOT copy long phrai or whole sentences
(Paragraph 1)
(Paragraph 2)
(Paragraph 3)
(Paragraph 4)
(Paragraph 5)
5 Once you have completed the planning phase (topic sentence and paragraph organizers) you are ready to write your summary paragraph
bull Begin your summary paragraph with your topic sentence Remember to indent this sentence bull Use the main and key words from paragraph one to write the next 1-3 sentences bull Use the main and key words from paragraph two to write the next 1-3 sentences Do bull this for all paragraphs If there are a lot of short paragraphs or the paragraphs have a bull lot of dialogue you may want to simply divide the selection into your own arbitrary paragraphs bull for planning purposes bull When you are done you should have one summary paragraph that begins with an indent and bull that is only about 13 tofrac14 as long as the original selection bull Use the Summary Writing Checklist to make sure you have met the requirements of a bull good summary paragraph
6 Scoring bull Refer to the schools Summary Writing Scoring Rubric and score your paper bull Give your summary to someone else to score and see how your scores compare
Discuss differences in scoring to determine why the scores were different This will help you to learn and understand the scoring rubric
Summary Writing Topic Sentence Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 3 oflO Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 3: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
TOAREDIGTE
Fling yourself upon the sky
Take the string you need Ride high
high above the park Tug and buck and lark with the wind
Touch a cloud red kite
Follow the - ild geese middot in their fhgh t
Lilian Moore
(3 3)
l q g g Sclplo~+ic rrc
Name ___________ _ Date ____ _
Comparativemiddot Forms of Adjectives
Lesson 21 READERS NOTEBOOK
The World According to Humphrey
Grammar Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs
A comparative adjective compares one person place or thing to another To form a comparative adjective you can usually add -er to the adjective If the adjective ends in y change they to i before adding -er
adjective comparative adjective
Jacob is taller than Josh The weather is drier today than yesterday
Josh is tall The weather is dry today
1-4 Write the comparative form of the adjective in each sentence 1 I think that spring feels (warm) ______ than winter
2 My dog seems hungry but your dog looks ------
3 Maddie is sbort but Cindy is _____ _
4 Her song is lovely but I think your song sounds _____ _
Some comparative adjectives are formed by adding the word more Usually longer adjectives form the comparative this way
Joe is more polite than Henry
Thinking Questions Are there two persons places or things being compared Does the adjective end in -er or use more
5-8 Write the -comparative form of each adjective 5 Sally felt (miserable) ___ ____ when she knew
she had the flu
6 That company is (efficient) ________ than its
competitor
7 Will you feel (comfortable) ________ sitting here
8 Tonights dinner tastes delicious) than
last nights
Grammar 283 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved
Name ___________ _ Date _ ___ _
Superlative Forms of Adjectives
Lesson 21 READERS NOfEBOOK
The World According to Humphrey
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs
When we use adjectives to compare more than two persons places or things we use the superlative form of the adjective To form a superlative adjective add
-est or write most before the adjective _____
Adjective Comparative Superlative happy happier happiest
complex more complex most complex
Emily is luckier than Mary but Alyssa is the luckiest of all
Without a map Gregory is more confused than ~ew but Edwin is the most confused
Thinking Questions Are there more than two persons places or things being compared Does the adjective end in -est 0r use most
1-5 Write the correct form of the adjective in parentheses to complete the sentence
1 A rose is pretty but Tom thinks an orchid is (pretty)
2 Susan says that of all the flowers the peony is the (pretty)
3 This tulip is the (bright) ______ shade of red Ive
ever seen
4 Carrie told him that lavender smells (wonderful)
5 Trees grow the (tall) ______ of all plants
Grammar 284 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved
Lesson 21 READERS bullNOTEBOOK Name ____ ______ _ _ Date ____ _
The World According to Humphrey Comparative and Superlative
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs Forms of Adverbs
Adverbs often work with verbs and tell how when or where an action happens They are used with actionmiddot verbs and many end with -ly A comparative adverb
compares the action of two or more things The word more is often used A superlative adverb -compares the action of more than two things The word most is often used
Adverb Comparative Superlative Thinking Questions Does the adverb end in
slowly more slowly most slowly -ly Is the word more
soon sooner soonest ____ or most added
promptly more promptly most promptly
Use a comparative or superlative adverb for each blank below Use the list on the right to help you complete the sentences
1 Although many musicians were loud Donald played
the trumpet ____ _
2 Sarah could add numbers _____ than her
brother
3 Jerry ran ____ than his best friend
4 Of all my friends Carmin lives ____ _
5 Marty worked ____ on the project than his
partner
6 Jeremy answered the question _____ __ _
of the three contestants
louder loudest more quickly most quickly more completely most completely closer closest harder hardest faster fastest
Grammar 285 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mittlin Harcourl Publishing Company All righls reserved
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Directions bull Read through the writing instruction pages Steps to Writing a
Summary Paragraph bull Practice writing a summary paragraph using the example selection
Snow bull Then use the practice selections or choose about a five paragraph
selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph
bull When you feel comfortable with the summary writing process complete your yearly school-wide writing sample assignment
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 1 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph 1 Read the entire selection Plan your topic sentence using the three part topic
sentence graphic organizer called NAME IT - VERB IT - FINISH IT Memorize and draw this topic sentence organizer when planning the topic sentence for your writing assignment Refer to the verb chart when selecting the verb
a Topic Sentence Blank graphic organizer
b Topic Sentence Graphic organizer explained
NAME IT VERB IT FINISH IT
Identify the text (genre title author) Genre usually an article Titles of articles are always in quotes Titles of books are underlined
Select a verb explains
(See verb chart for more verb
Finish your thought Finish the sentence with the main idea of the text
(See titles chart for quoteunderline) suggestions)
2 Re-write your writing assignment topic sentence from your graphic organizer ontc the lines below to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
3 Now for your paragraphs use a different graphic organizer (shown below) Draw c graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection you are to summarize (If yo have five paragraphs you would draw five lines that are divided down your planni page) Re-read the selection As you read circle one main idea word in each paragraph and underline 5 key words in each paragraph The main idea word will often be in first sentence of each paragraph It is also often the word that is repeated most in the paragraph
Main Paragraph Word Five Key Words (separated by commas)
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 2 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
4 Make paragraph key word outlines When you have finished identifying one main word and five key words in each paragraph write the words from paragraph one o graphic organizer one the words from paragraph two on graphic organizer two1 et and do this for all the paragraphs DO copy the main and key words from the selection onto your organizers Check them for spelling DO NOT copy long phrai or whole sentences
(Paragraph 1)
(Paragraph 2)
(Paragraph 3)
(Paragraph 4)
(Paragraph 5)
5 Once you have completed the planning phase (topic sentence and paragraph organizers) you are ready to write your summary paragraph
bull Begin your summary paragraph with your topic sentence Remember to indent this sentence bull Use the main and key words from paragraph one to write the next 1-3 sentences bull Use the main and key words from paragraph two to write the next 1-3 sentences Do bull this for all paragraphs If there are a lot of short paragraphs or the paragraphs have a bull lot of dialogue you may want to simply divide the selection into your own arbitrary paragraphs bull for planning purposes bull When you are done you should have one summary paragraph that begins with an indent and bull that is only about 13 tofrac14 as long as the original selection bull Use the Summary Writing Checklist to make sure you have met the requirements of a bull good summary paragraph
6 Scoring bull Refer to the schools Summary Writing Scoring Rubric and score your paper bull Give your summary to someone else to score and see how your scores compare
Discuss differences in scoring to determine why the scores were different This will help you to learn and understand the scoring rubric
Summary Writing Topic Sentence Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 3 oflO Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 4: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Name ___________ _ Date ____ _
Comparativemiddot Forms of Adjectives
Lesson 21 READERS NOTEBOOK
The World According to Humphrey
Grammar Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs
A comparative adjective compares one person place or thing to another To form a comparative adjective you can usually add -er to the adjective If the adjective ends in y change they to i before adding -er
adjective comparative adjective
Jacob is taller than Josh The weather is drier today than yesterday
Josh is tall The weather is dry today
1-4 Write the comparative form of the adjective in each sentence 1 I think that spring feels (warm) ______ than winter
2 My dog seems hungry but your dog looks ------
3 Maddie is sbort but Cindy is _____ _
4 Her song is lovely but I think your song sounds _____ _
Some comparative adjectives are formed by adding the word more Usually longer adjectives form the comparative this way
Joe is more polite than Henry
Thinking Questions Are there two persons places or things being compared Does the adjective end in -er or use more
5-8 Write the -comparative form of each adjective 5 Sally felt (miserable) ___ ____ when she knew
she had the flu
6 That company is (efficient) ________ than its
competitor
7 Will you feel (comfortable) ________ sitting here
8 Tonights dinner tastes delicious) than
last nights
Grammar 283 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved
Name ___________ _ Date _ ___ _
Superlative Forms of Adjectives
Lesson 21 READERS NOfEBOOK
The World According to Humphrey
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs
When we use adjectives to compare more than two persons places or things we use the superlative form of the adjective To form a superlative adjective add
-est or write most before the adjective _____
Adjective Comparative Superlative happy happier happiest
complex more complex most complex
Emily is luckier than Mary but Alyssa is the luckiest of all
Without a map Gregory is more confused than ~ew but Edwin is the most confused
Thinking Questions Are there more than two persons places or things being compared Does the adjective end in -est 0r use most
1-5 Write the correct form of the adjective in parentheses to complete the sentence
1 A rose is pretty but Tom thinks an orchid is (pretty)
2 Susan says that of all the flowers the peony is the (pretty)
3 This tulip is the (bright) ______ shade of red Ive
ever seen
4 Carrie told him that lavender smells (wonderful)
5 Trees grow the (tall) ______ of all plants
Grammar 284 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved
Lesson 21 READERS bullNOTEBOOK Name ____ ______ _ _ Date ____ _
The World According to Humphrey Comparative and Superlative
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs Forms of Adverbs
Adverbs often work with verbs and tell how when or where an action happens They are used with actionmiddot verbs and many end with -ly A comparative adverb
compares the action of two or more things The word more is often used A superlative adverb -compares the action of more than two things The word most is often used
Adverb Comparative Superlative Thinking Questions Does the adverb end in
slowly more slowly most slowly -ly Is the word more
soon sooner soonest ____ or most added
promptly more promptly most promptly
Use a comparative or superlative adverb for each blank below Use the list on the right to help you complete the sentences
1 Although many musicians were loud Donald played
the trumpet ____ _
2 Sarah could add numbers _____ than her
brother
3 Jerry ran ____ than his best friend
4 Of all my friends Carmin lives ____ _
5 Marty worked ____ on the project than his
partner
6 Jeremy answered the question _____ __ _
of the three contestants
louder loudest more quickly most quickly more completely most completely closer closest harder hardest faster fastest
Grammar 285 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mittlin Harcourl Publishing Company All righls reserved
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Directions bull Read through the writing instruction pages Steps to Writing a
Summary Paragraph bull Practice writing a summary paragraph using the example selection
Snow bull Then use the practice selections or choose about a five paragraph
selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph
bull When you feel comfortable with the summary writing process complete your yearly school-wide writing sample assignment
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 1 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph 1 Read the entire selection Plan your topic sentence using the three part topic
sentence graphic organizer called NAME IT - VERB IT - FINISH IT Memorize and draw this topic sentence organizer when planning the topic sentence for your writing assignment Refer to the verb chart when selecting the verb
a Topic Sentence Blank graphic organizer
b Topic Sentence Graphic organizer explained
NAME IT VERB IT FINISH IT
Identify the text (genre title author) Genre usually an article Titles of articles are always in quotes Titles of books are underlined
Select a verb explains
(See verb chart for more verb
Finish your thought Finish the sentence with the main idea of the text
(See titles chart for quoteunderline) suggestions)
2 Re-write your writing assignment topic sentence from your graphic organizer ontc the lines below to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
3 Now for your paragraphs use a different graphic organizer (shown below) Draw c graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection you are to summarize (If yo have five paragraphs you would draw five lines that are divided down your planni page) Re-read the selection As you read circle one main idea word in each paragraph and underline 5 key words in each paragraph The main idea word will often be in first sentence of each paragraph It is also often the word that is repeated most in the paragraph
Main Paragraph Word Five Key Words (separated by commas)
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 2 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
4 Make paragraph key word outlines When you have finished identifying one main word and five key words in each paragraph write the words from paragraph one o graphic organizer one the words from paragraph two on graphic organizer two1 et and do this for all the paragraphs DO copy the main and key words from the selection onto your organizers Check them for spelling DO NOT copy long phrai or whole sentences
(Paragraph 1)
(Paragraph 2)
(Paragraph 3)
(Paragraph 4)
(Paragraph 5)
5 Once you have completed the planning phase (topic sentence and paragraph organizers) you are ready to write your summary paragraph
bull Begin your summary paragraph with your topic sentence Remember to indent this sentence bull Use the main and key words from paragraph one to write the next 1-3 sentences bull Use the main and key words from paragraph two to write the next 1-3 sentences Do bull this for all paragraphs If there are a lot of short paragraphs or the paragraphs have a bull lot of dialogue you may want to simply divide the selection into your own arbitrary paragraphs bull for planning purposes bull When you are done you should have one summary paragraph that begins with an indent and bull that is only about 13 tofrac14 as long as the original selection bull Use the Summary Writing Checklist to make sure you have met the requirements of a bull good summary paragraph
6 Scoring bull Refer to the schools Summary Writing Scoring Rubric and score your paper bull Give your summary to someone else to score and see how your scores compare
Discuss differences in scoring to determine why the scores were different This will help you to learn and understand the scoring rubric
Summary Writing Topic Sentence Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 3 oflO Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 5: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Name ___________ _ Date _ ___ _
Superlative Forms of Adjectives
Lesson 21 READERS NOfEBOOK
The World According to Humphrey
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs
When we use adjectives to compare more than two persons places or things we use the superlative form of the adjective To form a superlative adjective add
-est or write most before the adjective _____
Adjective Comparative Superlative happy happier happiest
complex more complex most complex
Emily is luckier than Mary but Alyssa is the luckiest of all
Without a map Gregory is more confused than ~ew but Edwin is the most confused
Thinking Questions Are there more than two persons places or things being compared Does the adjective end in -est 0r use most
1-5 Write the correct form of the adjective in parentheses to complete the sentence
1 A rose is pretty but Tom thinks an orchid is (pretty)
2 Susan says that of all the flowers the peony is the (pretty)
3 This tulip is the (bright) ______ shade of red Ive
ever seen
4 Carrie told him that lavender smells (wonderful)
5 Trees grow the (tall) ______ of all plants
Grammar 284 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved
Lesson 21 READERS bullNOTEBOOK Name ____ ______ _ _ Date ____ _
The World According to Humphrey Comparative and Superlative
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs Forms of Adverbs
Adverbs often work with verbs and tell how when or where an action happens They are used with actionmiddot verbs and many end with -ly A comparative adverb
compares the action of two or more things The word more is often used A superlative adverb -compares the action of more than two things The word most is often used
Adverb Comparative Superlative Thinking Questions Does the adverb end in
slowly more slowly most slowly -ly Is the word more
soon sooner soonest ____ or most added
promptly more promptly most promptly
Use a comparative or superlative adverb for each blank below Use the list on the right to help you complete the sentences
1 Although many musicians were loud Donald played
the trumpet ____ _
2 Sarah could add numbers _____ than her
brother
3 Jerry ran ____ than his best friend
4 Of all my friends Carmin lives ____ _
5 Marty worked ____ on the project than his
partner
6 Jeremy answered the question _____ __ _
of the three contestants
louder loudest more quickly most quickly more completely most completely closer closest harder hardest faster fastest
Grammar 285 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mittlin Harcourl Publishing Company All righls reserved
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Directions bull Read through the writing instruction pages Steps to Writing a
Summary Paragraph bull Practice writing a summary paragraph using the example selection
Snow bull Then use the practice selections or choose about a five paragraph
selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph
bull When you feel comfortable with the summary writing process complete your yearly school-wide writing sample assignment
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 1 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph 1 Read the entire selection Plan your topic sentence using the three part topic
sentence graphic organizer called NAME IT - VERB IT - FINISH IT Memorize and draw this topic sentence organizer when planning the topic sentence for your writing assignment Refer to the verb chart when selecting the verb
a Topic Sentence Blank graphic organizer
b Topic Sentence Graphic organizer explained
NAME IT VERB IT FINISH IT
Identify the text (genre title author) Genre usually an article Titles of articles are always in quotes Titles of books are underlined
Select a verb explains
(See verb chart for more verb
Finish your thought Finish the sentence with the main idea of the text
(See titles chart for quoteunderline) suggestions)
2 Re-write your writing assignment topic sentence from your graphic organizer ontc the lines below to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
3 Now for your paragraphs use a different graphic organizer (shown below) Draw c graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection you are to summarize (If yo have five paragraphs you would draw five lines that are divided down your planni page) Re-read the selection As you read circle one main idea word in each paragraph and underline 5 key words in each paragraph The main idea word will often be in first sentence of each paragraph It is also often the word that is repeated most in the paragraph
Main Paragraph Word Five Key Words (separated by commas)
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 2 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
4 Make paragraph key word outlines When you have finished identifying one main word and five key words in each paragraph write the words from paragraph one o graphic organizer one the words from paragraph two on graphic organizer two1 et and do this for all the paragraphs DO copy the main and key words from the selection onto your organizers Check them for spelling DO NOT copy long phrai or whole sentences
(Paragraph 1)
(Paragraph 2)
(Paragraph 3)
(Paragraph 4)
(Paragraph 5)
5 Once you have completed the planning phase (topic sentence and paragraph organizers) you are ready to write your summary paragraph
bull Begin your summary paragraph with your topic sentence Remember to indent this sentence bull Use the main and key words from paragraph one to write the next 1-3 sentences bull Use the main and key words from paragraph two to write the next 1-3 sentences Do bull this for all paragraphs If there are a lot of short paragraphs or the paragraphs have a bull lot of dialogue you may want to simply divide the selection into your own arbitrary paragraphs bull for planning purposes bull When you are done you should have one summary paragraph that begins with an indent and bull that is only about 13 tofrac14 as long as the original selection bull Use the Summary Writing Checklist to make sure you have met the requirements of a bull good summary paragraph
6 Scoring bull Refer to the schools Summary Writing Scoring Rubric and score your paper bull Give your summary to someone else to score and see how your scores compare
Discuss differences in scoring to determine why the scores were different This will help you to learn and understand the scoring rubric
Summary Writing Topic Sentence Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 3 oflO Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 6: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lesson 21 READERS bullNOTEBOOK Name ____ ______ _ _ Date ____ _
The World According to Humphrey Comparative and Superlative
Grammar Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs Forms of Adverbs
Adverbs often work with verbs and tell how when or where an action happens They are used with actionmiddot verbs and many end with -ly A comparative adverb
compares the action of two or more things The word more is often used A superlative adverb -compares the action of more than two things The word most is often used
Adverb Comparative Superlative Thinking Questions Does the adverb end in
slowly more slowly most slowly -ly Is the word more
soon sooner soonest ____ or most added
promptly more promptly most promptly
Use a comparative or superlative adverb for each blank below Use the list on the right to help you complete the sentences
1 Although many musicians were loud Donald played
the trumpet ____ _
2 Sarah could add numbers _____ than her
brother
3 Jerry ran ____ than his best friend
4 Of all my friends Carmin lives ____ _
5 Marty worked ____ on the project than his
partner
6 Jeremy answered the question _____ __ _
of the three contestants
louder loudest more quickly most quickly more completely most completely closer closest harder hardest faster fastest
Grammar 285 Grade 4 Unit 5 copy Houghton Mittlin Harcourl Publishing Company All righls reserved
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Directions bull Read through the writing instruction pages Steps to Writing a
Summary Paragraph bull Practice writing a summary paragraph using the example selection
Snow bull Then use the practice selections or choose about a five paragraph
selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph
bull When you feel comfortable with the summary writing process complete your yearly school-wide writing sample assignment
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 1 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph 1 Read the entire selection Plan your topic sentence using the three part topic
sentence graphic organizer called NAME IT - VERB IT - FINISH IT Memorize and draw this topic sentence organizer when planning the topic sentence for your writing assignment Refer to the verb chart when selecting the verb
a Topic Sentence Blank graphic organizer
b Topic Sentence Graphic organizer explained
NAME IT VERB IT FINISH IT
Identify the text (genre title author) Genre usually an article Titles of articles are always in quotes Titles of books are underlined
Select a verb explains
(See verb chart for more verb
Finish your thought Finish the sentence with the main idea of the text
(See titles chart for quoteunderline) suggestions)
2 Re-write your writing assignment topic sentence from your graphic organizer ontc the lines below to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
3 Now for your paragraphs use a different graphic organizer (shown below) Draw c graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection you are to summarize (If yo have five paragraphs you would draw five lines that are divided down your planni page) Re-read the selection As you read circle one main idea word in each paragraph and underline 5 key words in each paragraph The main idea word will often be in first sentence of each paragraph It is also often the word that is repeated most in the paragraph
Main Paragraph Word Five Key Words (separated by commas)
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 2 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
4 Make paragraph key word outlines When you have finished identifying one main word and five key words in each paragraph write the words from paragraph one o graphic organizer one the words from paragraph two on graphic organizer two1 et and do this for all the paragraphs DO copy the main and key words from the selection onto your organizers Check them for spelling DO NOT copy long phrai or whole sentences
(Paragraph 1)
(Paragraph 2)
(Paragraph 3)
(Paragraph 4)
(Paragraph 5)
5 Once you have completed the planning phase (topic sentence and paragraph organizers) you are ready to write your summary paragraph
bull Begin your summary paragraph with your topic sentence Remember to indent this sentence bull Use the main and key words from paragraph one to write the next 1-3 sentences bull Use the main and key words from paragraph two to write the next 1-3 sentences Do bull this for all paragraphs If there are a lot of short paragraphs or the paragraphs have a bull lot of dialogue you may want to simply divide the selection into your own arbitrary paragraphs bull for planning purposes bull When you are done you should have one summary paragraph that begins with an indent and bull that is only about 13 tofrac14 as long as the original selection bull Use the Summary Writing Checklist to make sure you have met the requirements of a bull good summary paragraph
6 Scoring bull Refer to the schools Summary Writing Scoring Rubric and score your paper bull Give your summary to someone else to score and see how your scores compare
Discuss differences in scoring to determine why the scores were different This will help you to learn and understand the scoring rubric
Summary Writing Topic Sentence Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 3 oflO Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 7: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Summary Writing Instruction and Practice
Directions bull Read through the writing instruction pages Steps to Writing a
Summary Paragraph bull Practice writing a summary paragraph using the example selection
Snow bull Then use the practice selections or choose about a five paragraph
selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph
bull When you feel comfortable with the summary writing process complete your yearly school-wide writing sample assignment
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 1 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph 1 Read the entire selection Plan your topic sentence using the three part topic
sentence graphic organizer called NAME IT - VERB IT - FINISH IT Memorize and draw this topic sentence organizer when planning the topic sentence for your writing assignment Refer to the verb chart when selecting the verb
a Topic Sentence Blank graphic organizer
b Topic Sentence Graphic organizer explained
NAME IT VERB IT FINISH IT
Identify the text (genre title author) Genre usually an article Titles of articles are always in quotes Titles of books are underlined
Select a verb explains
(See verb chart for more verb
Finish your thought Finish the sentence with the main idea of the text
(See titles chart for quoteunderline) suggestions)
2 Re-write your writing assignment topic sentence from your graphic organizer ontc the lines below to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
3 Now for your paragraphs use a different graphic organizer (shown below) Draw c graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection you are to summarize (If yo have five paragraphs you would draw five lines that are divided down your planni page) Re-read the selection As you read circle one main idea word in each paragraph and underline 5 key words in each paragraph The main idea word will often be in first sentence of each paragraph It is also often the word that is repeated most in the paragraph
Main Paragraph Word Five Key Words (separated by commas)
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 2 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
4 Make paragraph key word outlines When you have finished identifying one main word and five key words in each paragraph write the words from paragraph one o graphic organizer one the words from paragraph two on graphic organizer two1 et and do this for all the paragraphs DO copy the main and key words from the selection onto your organizers Check them for spelling DO NOT copy long phrai or whole sentences
(Paragraph 1)
(Paragraph 2)
(Paragraph 3)
(Paragraph 4)
(Paragraph 5)
5 Once you have completed the planning phase (topic sentence and paragraph organizers) you are ready to write your summary paragraph
bull Begin your summary paragraph with your topic sentence Remember to indent this sentence bull Use the main and key words from paragraph one to write the next 1-3 sentences bull Use the main and key words from paragraph two to write the next 1-3 sentences Do bull this for all paragraphs If there are a lot of short paragraphs or the paragraphs have a bull lot of dialogue you may want to simply divide the selection into your own arbitrary paragraphs bull for planning purposes bull When you are done you should have one summary paragraph that begins with an indent and bull that is only about 13 tofrac14 as long as the original selection bull Use the Summary Writing Checklist to make sure you have met the requirements of a bull good summary paragraph
6 Scoring bull Refer to the schools Summary Writing Scoring Rubric and score your paper bull Give your summary to someone else to score and see how your scores compare
Discuss differences in scoring to determine why the scores were different This will help you to learn and understand the scoring rubric
Summary Writing Topic Sentence Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 3 oflO Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 8: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph 1 Read the entire selection Plan your topic sentence using the three part topic
sentence graphic organizer called NAME IT - VERB IT - FINISH IT Memorize and draw this topic sentence organizer when planning the topic sentence for your writing assignment Refer to the verb chart when selecting the verb
a Topic Sentence Blank graphic organizer
b Topic Sentence Graphic organizer explained
NAME IT VERB IT FINISH IT
Identify the text (genre title author) Genre usually an article Titles of articles are always in quotes Titles of books are underlined
Select a verb explains
(See verb chart for more verb
Finish your thought Finish the sentence with the main idea of the text
(See titles chart for quoteunderline) suggestions)
2 Re-write your writing assignment topic sentence from your graphic organizer ontc the lines below to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
3 Now for your paragraphs use a different graphic organizer (shown below) Draw c graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection you are to summarize (If yo have five paragraphs you would draw five lines that are divided down your planni page) Re-read the selection As you read circle one main idea word in each paragraph and underline 5 key words in each paragraph The main idea word will often be in first sentence of each paragraph It is also often the word that is repeated most in the paragraph
Main Paragraph Word Five Key Words (separated by commas)
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 2 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
4 Make paragraph key word outlines When you have finished identifying one main word and five key words in each paragraph write the words from paragraph one o graphic organizer one the words from paragraph two on graphic organizer two1 et and do this for all the paragraphs DO copy the main and key words from the selection onto your organizers Check them for spelling DO NOT copy long phrai or whole sentences
(Paragraph 1)
(Paragraph 2)
(Paragraph 3)
(Paragraph 4)
(Paragraph 5)
5 Once you have completed the planning phase (topic sentence and paragraph organizers) you are ready to write your summary paragraph
bull Begin your summary paragraph with your topic sentence Remember to indent this sentence bull Use the main and key words from paragraph one to write the next 1-3 sentences bull Use the main and key words from paragraph two to write the next 1-3 sentences Do bull this for all paragraphs If there are a lot of short paragraphs or the paragraphs have a bull lot of dialogue you may want to simply divide the selection into your own arbitrary paragraphs bull for planning purposes bull When you are done you should have one summary paragraph that begins with an indent and bull that is only about 13 tofrac14 as long as the original selection bull Use the Summary Writing Checklist to make sure you have met the requirements of a bull good summary paragraph
6 Scoring bull Refer to the schools Summary Writing Scoring Rubric and score your paper bull Give your summary to someone else to score and see how your scores compare
Discuss differences in scoring to determine why the scores were different This will help you to learn and understand the scoring rubric
Summary Writing Topic Sentence Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 3 oflO Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 9: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
4 Make paragraph key word outlines When you have finished identifying one main word and five key words in each paragraph write the words from paragraph one o graphic organizer one the words from paragraph two on graphic organizer two1 et and do this for all the paragraphs DO copy the main and key words from the selection onto your organizers Check them for spelling DO NOT copy long phrai or whole sentences
(Paragraph 1)
(Paragraph 2)
(Paragraph 3)
(Paragraph 4)
(Paragraph 5)
5 Once you have completed the planning phase (topic sentence and paragraph organizers) you are ready to write your summary paragraph
bull Begin your summary paragraph with your topic sentence Remember to indent this sentence bull Use the main and key words from paragraph one to write the next 1-3 sentences bull Use the main and key words from paragraph two to write the next 1-3 sentences Do bull this for all paragraphs If there are a lot of short paragraphs or the paragraphs have a bull lot of dialogue you may want to simply divide the selection into your own arbitrary paragraphs bull for planning purposes bull When you are done you should have one summary paragraph that begins with an indent and bull that is only about 13 tofrac14 as long as the original selection bull Use the Summary Writing Checklist to make sure you have met the requirements of a bull good summary paragraph
6 Scoring bull Refer to the schools Summary Writing Scoring Rubric and score your paper bull Give your summary to someone else to score and see how your scores compare
Discuss differences in scoring to determine why the scores were different This will help you to learn and understand the scoring rubric
Summary Writing Topic Sentence Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 3 oflO Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 10: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Verbs for Verb It
List A A good place to start The word explains works as a verb for most topic sentences but it is not very specific Once you get used to writing topic sentences for summaries try using some of the other words that are more vivid and precise
_ explai_ns
describes
lists
List B Now tr~ these
acknowledges
adds
advises
asserts
blames
confirms
confronts
considers
contrasts
critiques
demonstrates
denounces
discourages
endorses
teaches
tells
gives
shows
evaluates
explores
expresses
features
furnishes
names
offends
offers
predicts
proposes
provides
traces
answers
asks
clarifies
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
compares
presents
defines
-b~cA1t~
supports
confuses
defends
depicts
encourages
illustrates
invites
judges
misjudges
praises
recommends
simplifies
solves
suggests
captures
Page 4 of 10
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 11: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Titles When Do I Underline ( or Italicize) When Do I Use Quotation Marks
All titles must either be put in quotation marks or underlined (use italics when keyboarding) Most of the time the selection you will be asked to summarize will be an article of some kind and titles of articles are always put in quotes
Use Quotation Marks for Use Underline (or Italics) for newspaper article titles title of books magazine article titles name of magazines poem titles name of newspapers short story titles title of plays song titles title of films episodes of radio shows name of encyclopedias episodes of television shows title of long poems subdivisions of books title of radio programs
title of comic strips title of software title of pieces of art
To help you remember whether to use quotes or underline a title ask yourself Would I carry this text under my arm or put it in a file folder
FILE FOLDER = Quotes UNDER THE ARM = Underline (or Italics)
Under the Arm You could carry a book a newspaper a magazine or one volume to a set of encyclopedias under your arm The titles of a book newspaper magazine or encyclopedia are underlined When you think of a play the script of a movie and the script of a television program typed and bound it would be big enough to carry under your arm
File Folder Think of a file folder when you want to remember what gets quotation marks If you could carry the item in a file folder the title of the item willneed quotation marks when you write it out A poem the lyrics to a song and an article from the daily paper could all fit into your file folder so the titles of these items all need quotation marks
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 5 of 10 Steps to Writing a s middotummary Paragraph
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 12: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph - Example
Snow A blanket of fresh snow can brighten a winter landscape But snow is more than
just beautiful It is helpful too Snow benefits plant0nimals and people in many ways ------
Snow helfeS plants that stay in the ground all winter It does not kill plants It acts as a shield Snow ra~ ~beneath it This air is warmer than the air above the snow The warm air surrounds and grotects plants Biting winter winds cannot reach them Ice storms and bitter cold cannot harm them Plants stay alive-through the worst weather
SnoII hel1s animals too Some animals nest below ground They spend the whole winter here A blanket of snow serves to keep the nests warm Other animals do not nest below_ground They tunnel into the snow itself They make nests there Compared with the cold air above snow nests are cozy -=-
Snow also benefits people It helps many peoplemiddotmiddotearn a living Some communities are cmiddoterlters for yJinter spp11sect Many visitors go there to ski People who live and w_tllt in these communities need snow Without it they would have no business --- middot
Snow is useful even when it melts Melting snow runs into wells It flows into rivers and streams These supply water to towns and cities Farms benefit from melting snow as well Some areas are dry in summer They get little rain Nearly all their water comes from melted snow The water is stored in dammed-up lakes and ponds It is used during the growing season to water fields and orchards Without this water supply there could be no crops In this way the summer harvest depends on winter snow
NOTE The selections chosen for summarization practice should be at or below the childs reading level If you find the selection is too difficult for your child simply find a selection from a lower reading level The intent is to allow your child to practice summarizing information while hopefully discovering that writing can be a pleasurable experience Difficult words are often chosen as one of the key outline words and will be copied from the source text onto the outline and from the outline to the final paragraph So dont be afraid to use paragraphs with words that your child cannot spell Copying the spelling of the key words (but not long phrases or sentences) from the source paragraph onto the key word outline and then to the final paragraph is a good skill for your child to develop and should be encouraged
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 6 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph middot
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 13: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Now lets practice writing a summary paragraph
1 Read through the entire selection entitled Snow On your planning paper draw the graphic organizer for the topic sentence and compete it with the required information Yours should look something like this (only the words on the bottom)
i NAME IT ~gentify the item (genre title author)
The article Sridw
VERB IT Select a verb
explains
FINISH IT Finish your thought
middot~ ( now snow is helpful to people plants and animals _ -
-
2 Write the complete topic sentence onto your planning paper from the graphic organizer to look like a real sentence Fix spelling and capitalization errors Remember to indent
The article 11 Snow explains how snow is helpful to people plants and
animals
3 On your planning paper draw one paragraph graphic organizer for each paragraph in the selection
4 Re-read the selection As you read circle one main word and underline five key Words in each paragraph When done readingmarking complete your paragraph graphic organizers as shown below (yours will have the words you chose)
(Paragraph 1) beautiful helpful people plants animals man
(Paragraph 2) plants shield traps air wind ice --- -------t------------------
(Paragraph 3) animals nest below ground blanket tunnel - ----- ---+------ ____ ______ ___ _
(Paragraph 4) people community center earn living sports ---------1--- --- -------~------ -
(Paragraph 5) melt water supply farm orchard
Fourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 7 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 14: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
NOTE As you can see by looking at the example paragraph graphic organizers occasionally a key word might be two words and sometimes not all five key words are needed to get the main idea and details from a paragraph These deviations are OK However avoid copying long phrases of words or whole sentences Remember that copying and checking the spelling of the main idea and key words is a good skill and is encouraged
5 Now using your topic sentence and paragraph graphic organizers write your final paragraph Remember to indent and double space
Here is how this students final paragraph looked The main idea paragraph words are italicized (not circled as your paper will be) and the five key words are underlined to show you how the words from the graphic organizer were incorporated into the final paragraph You will not make the circle and underline markings on your final paragraph The marks will only be on your selection when you read and marked it during the planning
phase
Snow
The article Snow explains how snow is beautiful but
more importantly helpful to plants animals and people It is
helpful to plants by providing them a shield that traps warm
air to protect them from the wind and ice Snow helps
animals that nest below the ground by providing them with a
protective blanket Some animals even tunnel into the snow
because it is warmer inside a snow cave than outside it
Many people who live in snowy areas earn their living from
people who come to their community centers for winter
sports Melted snow is also good because it provides water
for the water supply and for farms and orchards
6 Now check your work using the Summary Writing Checklist F_ourth Grade Summary Writing Instruction and Practice Page 8 of 10 Steps to Writing a Summary Paragraph
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 15: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Name _ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
MAGICIAN OF THE SEA by Kelly Hashway
What do three hearts eight arms and one huge
brain add up to An octopus a creature that can do
amazing things
Octopuses are extremely intelligent They can learn
new things just like humans Theyve even learned a few
tricks to get them out of sticky situations If an octopus is
threatened by a predator such as a shark or bird it can
use some pretty incredible skills to get away Octopuses dont have teeth or sharp claws to
defend themselves Instead they use more clever ways to fool their attackers Octopuses like
to hide themselves in the sand on the bottom of the ocean floor How you ask Well the
octopus is like a chameleon because it can change the color of its skin to match the sand
And this color change or camouflage happens in less than a minute
Some octopuses like to stay in more shallow water where there are rocks and coral
Because octopuses are invertebrates meaning they dont have backbones they can squeeze
themselves into small spaces between the rocks to get out of reach of their predators Another
way an octopus can hide is by shooting ink An octopus uses a part of its body called a siphon
to shoot ink into the water The ink forms a cloud that hides the octopus By the time the ink
clears and the predator can see again the octopus has swum away or hidden Its very much
like a magician doing a vanishing act
Super Teacher Worksheets - w wwsuperteacherworksheetscom
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 16: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
If you think thats a neat trick then youll love what else these creatures have up their
sleeves If an octopus is being attacked it can actually make itself look like a venomous sea
snake It will bury itself in the sand keeping two arms visible It will change the color of those
arms to match a sea snake But what if theres no time to hide If an octopus is in trouble it can
break off one of its arms The arm will then change colors and squirm around in the water to
distract the predator while the octopus swims away to safety Dont worry though The
octopuss arm will grow back
There is one kind of octopus that has venom to use in defense The blue-ringed octopus is
tiny it could fit in the palm of your hand Predators might think this size makes the octopus a
great snack but they know to stay away The blue-ringed octopus is very poisonous and can
kill predators much larger than itself including
humans
So the next time you see an octopus in the
aquarium or while youre snorkeling remember that
inside that oversized head is a very large brain
making them a clever addition to the sea
About the Author
Kelly Hashways latest book May the Best Dog Win is now available
Dash has the perfect life until the Super Sweeper 5000 shows up Sweeper
runs all over the house sucking up the leftover food scraps and he even gets
his own room But Dash wont give up his place as the favorite dog without-a
fight
Hoshway Kelly M ay the Best Dog Win ISBN 978098458908 l
Super Teacher Worksheets - wwwsu e rteache works e etsc om
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials
![Page 17: 4th Grade Writing - Pendleton School District€¦ · selection from your science or history book and practice writing a summary paragraph. • When you feel comfortable with the](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050106/5f44771ae02e6b5d2d5c86b5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Brain Workouts Creative Thinking
Inventing a Robot Design a robot that will be able to meet your needs in the future The robot does not have to resemble a person so you can be very creative Write a users manual for your robot explaining the function or task that each feature of the robot will perform
copy Teacher Created Materials