4th generation mobile_communication
TRANSCRIPT
FOURTH GENERATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION
TO PERVASIVE COMMUNICATION
Elements of Mobile Cellular
Communication Network
HLRVLR
cell
BS
Mobile Unit The Cell MSC
MAC layer
Packets from higher layer small sub packets
Stop-and-wait ARQ Go-back N ARQ
Selective-repeat ARQ
ARQ - Automatic Retransmission and Fragmentation Mechanism
TYPES OF ARQ SYSTEM
Stop-and-wait ARQ
Go-back N ARQ
Selective-repeat ARQ
Fig-5: 3D Model Representing Mobile Communication Syste
TDMA
FDMA
TDMA,CDMA
CDMA
LA CDMA, WCDMA multirate CDMA
UTRA
GPRS
GSM,IS-54, TDMA
AMPS, TACS, NMT
Target2-5GHz
100Mbps to
1Gbps
2000Mhz to 2200Mhz
2Mbps
1800Mhzto1900MHz
171 to 384Kbp
s
800MHz to 900MHz
9.6 to 14.4Kbps
935 Mhz to 950 Mhz
2.4 to 30Kbp
s
On the way. With high frequency mobile extension, accompanying a variety of new techniques having a data rate 260 times of 3G.
DSP
ASP
Packet Switching
ISP,WCDMA,
CDMA
uPGPS
Proposal for AMC OFDM
Introduction to Pervasive communication
All these existing and upcoming networks, combined together, are promising a global scale distributed
infrastructure
for
“all-time everywhere” communication,
known as
Pervasive Communication,
that seamlessly and ubiquitously aids users in accomplishing their tasks effortlessly.
Pervasive Communication
WIRED BACKBOME NETWORK
WIRED over WIRELESS NETWORK
PERVASIVE NETWORK
PERVASIVE COMPUTING SYSTEM
WIRELESS ACCESS
PERVASIVENESS MANAGEMENT
MIDDLEWARE SUPPORT
Network View
An overall infrastructural support to provide proactively a rich set of computing capabilities and services to a user (may be a nomad) every time everywhere in a transparent, integrated and convenient way.
Pervasive Computing (PerCom)
PerCom Components• Pervasive computation embeded computers and sensors “everywhere”embeded computers and sensors “everywhere”
• in devices, appliances, equipment, in homes, workplaces and factories, and even in clothing.
• Pervasive communication everywhere”a high degree communicationeverywhere”a high degree communication
• through a ubiquitous and secure network infrastructure
– with a wired core and wireless adjuncts (shell) that communicate with the core.
• Computing will be everywhere: pens, cans, pads, boards, coffee machines, alarm watches, etc.– Invisible and sublime
• Communication will be everywhere: among all devices– Wired and/or wireless– Single-hop or multi-hop
• Some of the devices (like refrigerators, ovens, etc.) already have computers incorporated, but without the capability of communicating among each other
Pervasiveness
Intelligent Refrigerator• Take out last can of milk
• Swipe can’s UPC label, which adds milk to your shopping list for Friday afternoon
• Make a note that you need milk for the guests you are having over this weekend
Intelligent Refrigerator
• Friday rolls around and you have not bought milk
• You are on your way back from office
• Deadline-based reminder is sent by the refrigerator to your pager
Reminder to Pager
• AutoPC informs you that you are now near a supermarket
• Opportunistic reminder: “If it is convenient, stop to buy milk”
Helpful AutoPC
Pervasive Network (PerNet)
PerCom Architecture• PerCom architecture can be framed into three broad
areas: – PerNet
• networking,
– PerWare• middleware,
– PerApp• applications
• To implement this architecture, all the three sets of technologies must be used judiciously
Applications
Middlewares
Network (PerNet)
user
user
user
user
PerCom Model
• Smartness involves accurate sensing (input) followed by intelligent control or action (output) between two worlds– namely machine and human
• E.g., a pervasive computing system that automatically adjusts heating, cooling, and lighting levels in a room depending on an occupant’s electronic profile must have – some form of perception to track the person
and also – some form of control to adjust the ventilation
and lighting systems
Smartness
Conclusion
Thank You !!!