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• all shapes and sizes (e.g.

surface or underground)e.g. typical medium sizedunderground mine:

•

Rs 12,000 million capital•Rs 120 million profit / year

•300 workforce

•30 year life

•10 years to find and prove

•3 years to construct

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Managed:•profitably (influencedby market forces)

•responsibly and safely

•committed toworkforce, community,

environment

•driven by geologists &engineers

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discovery,

development,

production,

closure,reclamation

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Artist’s impression of planned open pit and mill.

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Artist’s impression of eventual reclaimed mine site.

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Surface coal mining operations, loading coal andloading waste rock,.

Cable shovel, front end loaders,off-highway truck, bulldozers,

supervisor’s truck

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Room and Pillar Mining Method

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DESIGN, SELECT SCALE & TECHNOLOGY

WASTE

MANAGEMENT

CLOSURE INFRASTRUCTURE

SERVICES

HUMAN

RESOURCES

FEASIBILITY?

TECHNICAL ECONOMICAL

NO

ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL POLITICAL

NO SUSTAINABLE

YES

PLAN & SCHEDULE

SELECT MINING (MILLING) METHOD

LOCATE & DEFINE DEPOSIT

EXPLORATION

MINE BUILDING:

IN PRINCIPLE

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Mineral Deposits

•Geology

•

Mineralogy•Mining Method

•Mineral Processing

•Economics

•Environmental controls

Finding

•Regional Geology

•Geochemistry

•Geophysics

•Drilling

•Sampling

Opening &Developing

•Shaft sinking

•Tunneling

•Waste removal

•Underground &surface construction

Planning

•Select Mining Method

•Design ExcavationGeometry, Size,Sequence

•Select equipment

Proving

•

Delineation drilling•Shaft/tunneling

•Ore Estimation

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Mining

•Fragmentation

•

Loading•Materials Handling

•Production Control

•Maintenance

•Health & Safety

•Ventilation

•Water Control

•Grade Control

•Reclamation

Geology Sampling

•Surveying

•Ground Control

•Design & Engineering

•Supply Services

•Power

•Human Resources

Ore forProcessing

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Processing

Conversion of mineralraw products toconsumer products

•Classification

•Beneficiation

•Smelting & Refining

•Material Science

•Properties & uses ofmineral products

•Sales

•

Size Reduction•Concentration

•Mill & Plant Design

•Environmental Control

Marketing

Products for fabricationor other end uses

•Establish Grades

•

Specifications &Standards

•Transport toCustomers

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Mineral Deposits and Orebodies

• A Mineral Deposit is a

geologic occurrence

of minerals in

relatively

concentrated form.

• An Orebody is a

Mineral Deposit that

has sufficient value

that it can be mined

at a profit.

Mineral

Deposit Ore Body

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Orebody: Grade, Size, Shape, Depth

Topography

Climate

Market Conditions

Appropriate Technology

Environmental, Social Issues

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•

How much waste rock is mined with

the ore.

•

How much of the orebody cannot be

recovered

•

• impact

measures