INFLAMMATION: REGULATION

DEFECTS IN LEUCOCYTE FUNCTION

GENETIC

• ADHESION DEFECTS- • LAD1, LAD2

• INTEGRINS AND SELECTIN RECEPTORS DEFECTIVE

• REC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AND IMPAIRED HEALING

• DEFECTS IN PHAGOLYSOSOME FUNCTION • CHEDIAK HIGASHI SYN

• AR

• DEFECTIVE TRANSFER OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES

DEFECTS IN LEUCOCYTE FUNCTION

• DEFECT IN MICROBICIDAL ACTIVITY • CGD-DEFECTS IN NADPH OXIDASE • REC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

• MPO DEF

ACQUIRED-VARIOUS ASPECTS LIKE PHAGO,CHEMO ETC AFFECTED

• DM • MALIGNANCY • MALNUTRITION • ANEMIA

Outcomes of acute inflammation

resolution

• Restoration of site to normal

• Usually occurs when

1. Limited or short lived

2. Little tissue destruction

• Events

fibrosis

• Connective tissue replacement

• Occurs in cases of

1. Extensive destruction

2. Tissues incapable of regeneration

3. Abundant fibrin exudation

suppuration

• When causative agent is pyogenic bacteria

• Events

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

• When inflammation can not be resolved

• In cases of

1. Persistence of agent

2. Interference with healing

MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS

• SEROUS

• THIN FLUID

• Eg BLISTER OF BURN

• FIBRINOUS

• MORE SEV INJURY

• FIBROGEN LEAKAGE CON TO FIBRIN

• LINING OF BODY CAVITIES-MENINGES,PERICARDIUM

• COR VILLOSUM/ BREAD AND BUTTER APP

• MICRO-EOSINOPHILIC MESHWORK

MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS

• SUPPURATIVE/ PURULENT • SOME PYOGENIC BACTERIA

• LARGE AMTS OF PUS

• ABSCESS-LOCALIZED COLLECTION OF PUS WITHIN A CAVITY

• ULCER • LOCAL DEFECT IN SKIN OR MUCOSA

• Eg PEPTIC ULCER

SEROUS EXUDATE

• Bullous Pemphigoid,

• Serous Inflammation

Dermis

Blister fluid

Serous Exudate

FIBRINOUS EXUDATE

pericardial cavity shows fibrinous pericarditis with strands of stringy pale fibrin between visceral and parietal pericardium

FIBRINOUS INFLAMMATION

URAEMIC PERICARDITIS

Fibrinous exudate

pericardium

PURULENT EXUDATE

• Exuded yellowish fluid fluid in this opened pericardial cavity also contains a large number of acute inflammatory cells. So it is a purulent exudate

SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION

A: purulent exudate obscuring the sulci in pyogenic meningitis.

B: purulent peritonitis D/T rupture of the colon.

A B

ABSCESS

• rounded abscesses (the purulent material has drained out after sectioning to leave a cavity) in the lung.

ABSCESS

• Diverticulitis of Colon with abscess formation

Abscess

Sulfur granules of

actinomycoses

Lots of neutrophils

Gastroscopic

View

Gross

Microscopic view

ULCER