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4G Technology

Ankit Jain

Saumya JaiswalM.I.T College of engineering, Pune, India

Department of Information Technology

Class: TE (IT)

Email:ankit.jain1990@gmail.com

Saumya11.jaiswal@gmail.com

Abstract The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobilecommunication systems aims at providing a wide variety ofnew services, from high-quality voice to high-definition video

and high-data-rate wireless channels. The term 4G is used

broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access

communication systems which will provide users with

streamed multimedia on an anytime anywhere basis at

data rates up to 1 Gbps. This paper provides an overall

vision of the 4G, its features, technology used which includes

use of IPV-6 and Advanced antennae systems, developments

and applications, impact of 4G in todays market and the

difference between 3G and 4G. 4G has found vast

applications in Virtual navigation and Crisis management.

I. INTRODUCTION

Mobile services were first introduced in 1940s.The I

generation (1G) mobiles came into existence in 1960s

which were analog systems. Then came the 2G which first

appeared around the end of the 1980s, the2G system

digitized the voice signal, as well as the control link. This

new digital system gave a lot better quality and much

more capacity, all at a lower cost to the end consumer.

After the 2G technology came the 3G. These systems

promise faster communication services, entailing voice,

fax and Internet data transfer capabilities. The aim of 3G

is to provide these services any time, anywhere throughout

the globe, with seamless roaming between standards. 3Gtechnology supports around 144 Kbps, with high speed

movement, i.e. in a vehicle, 384 Kbps locally, and up to

2Mbps for fixed stations, i.e. in a building.

International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced

(IMT Advanced), also known as 4G, 4th Generation or

Beyond 3G, is the next technological strategy in the field

of wireless communication. A 4G system will provide a

secure IP based solution where facilities such as voice,

data and streamed multimedia will be provided to users on

an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at much higher data rates.

One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC

Mobile multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global mobility

support, Integrated wireless solution, and Customized

personal service. As a promise for the future, 4G systems,

that is, cellular broadband wireless access systems, have

been attracting much interest in the mobile

communication arena. The 4G systems not only willsupport the next generation of mobile service, but also will

support the fixed wireless networks.

At present 2G Technology (GSM) is widely used

worldwide. The problem with 2G technology is that the

data rates are limited. This makes it inefficient for Data

Transfer applications like video conferencing, music or

video downloads, etc. To increase the speed various new

technologies have come into picture. The first is 2.5G

(GPRS) technology that allows data transfer at a better

rate than GSM and recently 3G (WCDMA/UMTS)

technology has come into picture. The maximum

theoretical data transfer with this 3G technology is 2Mbps

(practically it could be a max of 384Kbps or even less).The 4G technology which is at its infancy is suppose to

allow data transfer upto 100Mbps outdoor and 1Gbps

indoor.

With 4G, a range of new services and models will be

available. These services and models need to be further

examined for their interface with the design of 4G

systems. Following figure demonstrates the key elements

and the seamless connectivity of the networks.

II.OBJECTIVES

mailto:ankit.jain1990@gmail.commailto:ankit.jain1990@gmail.commailto:Saumya11.jaiswal@gmail.commailto:ankit.jain1990@gmail.commailto:Saumya11.jaiswal@gmail.com

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The members of 4G working group has defined the

objectives as:

A. A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and

bits/s/Hz/site).

B. High network capacity: more simultaneous users

per cell.

C. A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client

physically moves at high speeds relative to the

station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in

relatively fixed positions as defined by the ITU-R

D. A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two

points in the world

E. Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks.

F. Seamless connectivity and global roaming acrossmultiple networks.

G. High quality of service for next generation

multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data,

HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc).

H. Interoperability with existing wireless standards

and

I. An all IP, packet switched network.

III. FEATURES

The 4G technology will be able to support Interactive

services like Video Conferencing (with more than 2 sites

simultaneously), Wireless Internet,etc. The bandwidth

would be much wider (100 MHz) and data would be

transferred at much higher rates. The cost of the data

transfer would be comparatively very less and global

mobility would be possible. The networks will be all IP

networks based on IPv6. The antennas will be much

smarter and improved access technologies like OFDM and

MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA) will be used. Also the

security features will be much better.

According to the members of 4G working group, all thefeatures from 2G to 4G will be inculcated in 4G. The

infrastructure for 4G will be only packet-based (all-IP).

Some proposals suggest having an open Internet platform.

Technologies considered to be early 4G include: Flash-

OFDM, the 802.16e mobile version of WiMax and HC-

SDMA.

The fourth generation will encompass all systems from

various networks, public to private; operator-driven

broadband networks to personal areas; and ad hoc

networks. The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and

3G systems, as well as with digital (broadband)

broadcasting systems. In addition, 4G systems will be

fully IP-based wireless Internet.

IV.TECHNOLOGYUSED

IPV-6 support:

Unlike 3G technology, which is based on packet

switching and circuit switching techniques, 4G is based

only on packet switching. This will require low latency

data transmission. IPV-6 support is essential in order to

support a large number of wireless enabled devices.

Advanced Antenna systems:

Nowadays many multiple antenna techniques are

emerging to achieve the goal of 4G systems. Out of many

transmission schemes proposed spatial multiplexing

gained importance for its bandwidth conservation and

power efficiency. Spatial multiplexing involves deploying

multiple antennae at the transmitter and at the receiver.

Independent streams can then be transmitted

simultaneously from all the antennae. This increases the

data rate into multiple folds with the number equal to

minimum of the number of transmit and receive antennae.

V.IMPACTOF 4G

The evolution of 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile

telecommunications technologies has been researched and

written about ad infinitum. More recently, the topic of

WiMAX, a particular 4G technology which promises to

deliver 70 Mb/s data speeds over a 50 km radius, has been

the focus of much attention and hype.

With this new found credibility, manufacturers and

network operators are looking again at the benefits

promised by 4G technologies and they are starting to

invest serious time and effort in developing fixed andmobile products which should be commercialized within

the next three years. A survey of manufacturers conducted

indicates that they are making plans and looking forward

to use 4G technology.

VI.COMPARISIONBETWEEN 3G AND 4G

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VII.DEVELOPMENTS

A. The Japanese company NTT DoCoMohas been

testing a 4G communication system prototype with 4x4

MIMO called VSF-OFCDM at 100 Mbits/s while moving,

and 1 Gbit/s while stationary. In February 2007, NTT

DoCoMo completed a trial in which they reached amaximum packet transmission rate of approximately

5 Gbit/s in the downlink with 12x12 MIMO using a

100MHz frequency bandwidth while moving at 10 km/h

and is planning on releasing the first commercial network

in 2010.

. B. Digiweb, an Irish fixed and wireless broadband

company, has announced to receive a mobile

communications license from the Irish Telecomsregulator, ComReg. This service will be issued the mobile

code 088 in Ireland and will be used for the provision of4G Mobile communications. Digiweb launched a mobile

broadband network using FLASH-OFDM technology at

872 MHz.

C. Telus and Bell Canada, the major Canadian

cdmaOne and EV-DO carriers, have announced that they

will be cooperating towards building a fourth generation

(4G) LTE wireless broadband network in Canada.

D. Verizon Wireless announced on September 20, 2007

that it plans a joint effort with the Vodafone Group totransition its networks to the 4G standard LTE.

VIII.APPLICATIONS

Most notable applications of 4G systems are in

location based services. Following are certain

applications:

A. Virtual navigation:

This application creates a remote database that containsgraphical representations of streets, buildings,

characteristics of a large metropolis. Blocks of this

database are transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle,

where a rendering program permits the occupants to

visualize the environment ahead. They may also

"virtually" see the internal layout of buildings to plan an

emergency rescue, or to plan to engage hostile elements

hidden in the building

B. Tele-medicine:

Through this technology, a victim of a traffic

accident in a remote location could access paramedicalassistance and establish a video conference so that a

remotely based surgeon could provide on-scene

assistance. At the same time the victims vital information

could be sent back to the surgeon for further review.

C. Crisis-management applications:

In case of natural disasters where the entire

communications infrastructure is in disarray, restoring

communications quickly is essential. With wideband

wireless mobile communication both limited and complete

communications capabilities, including Internet and video

services, could be set up in a matter of hours.

Major req

uirement

driving ar

chitecture

3G

(Including 2.5G

, Sub3G)

4G

Predominantly

voice driven;

data was alway

Converged data

and voice over IP

Network

Architecture

Wide area cell-

based

Hybrid: Integra

tion of

wireless LAN

(WiFi,

Bluetooth) and wi

de area

Speeds 384 Kbps to 2

Mbps

20 to 100 Mbps

in mobile mode

Frequency

Band

Dependent on c

ountry or

continent (1800

2400 MHz)

Higher frequen

cy bands (2-8 GH

z)

Bandwidt

h

5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or m

ore)

Switching

Design Basis

Circuit and Pac

ket

All digital with

packetized voice

Access Te

chnologies

W-CDMA, 1x

RTT, Edge

OFDM and MC

-CDMA

(Multi Carrier

CDMA)

Forward E

rror Correcti

on

Convolutional r

ate 1/2, 1/3

Concatenated c

oding scheme

Compone

nt Design

Optimized ante

nna design,

multi-band ada

pters

Smarter Antenn

as, software

multiband and

wideband radios

IP A number of ai

r link protocols,

including IP 5.0

All IP (IPv6)

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IX. LIMITATIONS

Although the concept of 4G communications hows much

promise, there are still limitations that ust be addressed.

These are as follows:

A. One major limitation is the operating area

Although 2G networks are becoming more

ubiquitous, there are still many areas not being served

by existing wireless networks. This limitation of

todays networks will carry over into future

generations of wireless systems.

B. The public must realize that although high-

speed data communications will be delivered, it will not

be equivalent to the wired Internet at least not at first.

C. Another limitation is cost. The equipment required

to implement a next generation network is still very

expensive. Carriers and providers have to plan carefully to

make sure that expenses are kept realistic.

X. CONCLUSION

As the history of mobile communications shows,

attempts have been made to reduce a number of

technologies to a single global standard. The upcoming

4G technology promises to achieve this standard which

can be embraced world wide. This technology will

contribute to sharing of resources between multiple users

with less complexity. Future wireless networks will need

to support diverse IP multimedia applications to allow

sharing of resources among multiple users. The fourth

generation promises to fulfill the goal of PCC (personal

computing and communication)a vision that affordably

provides high data rates everywhere over a wireless

network. Thus it can be concluded that 4G technology will

be the next technological revolution in the field of

wireless network.

REFERENCES

[1] www.howstuffworks.com

[2] www.whatis.com[3] www.webopedia.com

[4] B. G. Evans and K. Baughan, "Visions of 4G"[5] 4G features by Jawad Ibrahim

[6] http://www.cnn.com/2001/TECH/ptech/03/08/4G.world.idg

http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.whatis.com/http://www.webopedia.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.whatis.com/http://www.webopedia.com/