Fourth Generation 4G

Fourth Generation 4G Silver Oak College of Engineering & TechnologyDeep Mehta09IT50

Deep Mehta

Fourth Generation 4G (Part-I & II)Silver Oak College of Engineering & TechnologyDeep Mehta09IT50Deep Mehta

ContentHistory of Wireless Communication.Working of Different Access Channels Used in Communication.What is 4G .!?4G technologies each Include.Enterprise Benefits of 4G.What New Applications Does 4G Help Mobilize?Specific 4G Technologies.

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History of Wireless CommunicationThere are 4 different types of Generation developed and they are as follows:-

First Generation (1G)Second Generation (2G)Third Generation (3G)Fourth Generation (4G)Deep Mehta

First Generation (1G)Analog Telecommunication.AMPS.Upto 9.6 Kbps.Simplest type of wireless data communication.

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First Generation (1G)(AMPS)(1970-80)The 1G, or First Generation. 1G was an analog system, and was developed in the seventies, 1G had two major improvements, this was the invention of the microprocessor, and the digital transform of the control link between the phone and the cell site.Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was first launched by the US and is a 1G mobile system. Based on FDMA, it allows users to make voice calls in 1 country.1G was developed on the basis of IMTS & uses AMPS TechnologyDeep Mehta

First Generation (1G)(AMPS)(1970-80)Services provided: Analog voice, Synchronous data upto 9.6 Kbps.Standards used: Advanced Mobile Phone Services(AMPS).Data Bandwidth: 1.9 KbpsMultiplexing: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA).Core Network: Public Switched Telephone Nework (PSTN).Short History of 1G TechnologyDeep Mehta

Second Generation (2G) (GSM,CDMA,EDGE,TDMA)(1980 till today)Digital SignalGSM,CDMA,TDMA.Upto 14.4 Kbps.Bit Complex then 1G.

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Second Generation (2G) (GSM,CDMA,EDGE,TDMA)(1980 till today) 2G first appeared around the end of the 1980s, the 2G system Digitized the voice signal, as well as the control link. This new digital system gave a lot better quality and much more capacity (i.e. more people could use there phones at the same time), all at a lower cost to the end consumer. Based on TDMA, the first commercial network for use by the public was the Global system for mobile communication (GSM).Allows Low power radio signals which Saves Batter.

Good voice quality & Mobile Saves Battery

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Second Generation (2G) (GSM,CDMA,EDGE,TDMA)(1980 till today)Digital Data can be Compressed & Multiplexed much more effectively than Analog Voice Encoding Data.

Effective Data Encoding

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Second Generation (2G) (GSM,CDMA,EDGE,TDMA)(1980 till today)Digital Voice Encoders Allows Better Error Checking.

Better sound quality then 1G.

Lowers Noise level as compared to 1G.

Full Digital Data Transmission.

Introduction of Short Message Service (SMS), E-Mail in this technology.Good sound, less noise, new services introduced.Deep Mehta

Second Generation (2G) (GSM,CDMA,EDGE,TDMA)(1980 till today)Disadvantage:Cell Towers have limited Coverage area.

Abrupt call drops.

Sound Reduction.

Spotty Coverage.limited coverage & less network strength.

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Second Generation (2G) (GSM,CDMA,EDGE,TDMA)(1980 till today)Services: Digital Voice, Short Message Service (SMS), GPRS, E-Mail.Standards: Global System for Mobile(GSM), Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA).Data Bandwidth: 14.4 Kbps.Multiplexing: TDMA, CDMA.Core Network: Public Switched Telephone Network(PSTN).Short info of 2G Technology.Deep Mehta

Third Generation (3G) (UMTS,WCDMA,CDMA2000) (2000 till today)High Speed Data TransmissionUMTS,WCDMA,CDMA2000Upto 2 MbpsHigher Capacity then 2G & 1G

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Third Generation (3G) (UMTS,WCDMA,CDMA2000) (2000 till today)Larger Capacity & Broadband Capabilities.Allows the transmission of 384 Kbps to 2Mbps.3G systems promise faster communications services, entailing voice, fax and Internet data transfer capabilities, the aim of 3G is to provide these services any time, anywhere throughout the globe, with seamless roaming between standards.Evolution of 2G & 2.5G technology.Higher Capacity, Faster, Accurate, Global. Deep Mehta

Third Generation (3G) (UMTS,WCDMA,CDMA2000) (2000 till today)ITUs IMT-2000 is a global standard for 3G and has opened new doors to enabling innovative services and application for instance, multimedia entertainment, and location-based services, as well as a whole lot more. In 2001, Japan saw the first 3G network launched.3G technology supports around 144 Kbps, with high speed movement, i.e. in a vehicle. 384 Kbps locally, and up to 2Mbps for fixed stations.Location based service at high-speed.Deep Mehta

Third Generation (3G) (UMTS,WCDMA,CDMA2000) (2000 till today)A greater number of user that can be simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth.High Data rates at lower increment cost than 2G.Global roaming.Greater use of smart phones & PDA(Personal Digital Assistant).Higher connectivity than 2G.Separate channel for Voice & Data.Multi-user support, higher connectivity, diff. Channels.Deep Mehta

Third Generation (3G) (UMTS,WCDMA,CDMA2000) (2000 till today)Services: Higher Capacity, Broadband Data upto 2Mbps.

Standards: Wideband CDMA, CDMA2000.

Data Bandwidth: 2 Mbps

Multiplexing: CDMA

Core Network: Packet Network.Short info of 3G Technology.Deep Mehta

Fourth Generation (4G) (OFDM) (2005 till today)Ultra High Speed Data TransmissionOFDMFrom 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps.Will be the BEST.

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Fourth Generation (4G) (OFDM) (2005 till today)4G will change the way we work, live and play. Cheap end user costs, fast, always on, reliable connectivity, where ever you are, what ever your doing. Some people view 3G as a stop gap until the real 4G network arrives, something which is due around 2010, and will impact every one, every where.4G will provide unconceivable amounts of bandwidth to the palm of a user.

Will make world Dynamic, Fast, Easier to Access.Deep Mehta

Fourth Generation (4G) (OFDM) (2005 till today)Matching current Local Area Network speeds, 4G networks will provide 100MBps on the move. This is enough for studio quality video, multi channel surround sound and much more.4G will be based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) the next generation in access technologies.Some possible IEEE standards for the 4G system are 802.20.Based on OFDM Technology.Deep Mehta

Fourth Generation (4G) (OFDM) (2005 till today)Services: Higher Capacity, Completely IP-Oriented, Multimedia, High Data Rate Transfer.

Standards: Single Standards.

Data Bandwidth: Higher than 100 Mbps

Multiplexing: OFDM

Core Network: Internet.Short info of 4G Technology.Deep Mehta

Fourth Generation (4G) (OFDM) (2005 till today)4G is MAGIC ..!! Which meansM=Mobile multimedia.A=Anytime anywhere.G=Global mobility support.I=Integrated wireless solution.C=Customized personal service.Deep Mehta

Working of Different Access Channels Used in CommunicationCode Division Multiple Access (2G,3G).Frequency Division Multiple Access (1G).Time Division Multiple Access(2G).Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (4G).Deep Mehta

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)CDMA is a spread spectrum multiple access technique. A spread spectrum technique spreads the bandwidth of the data uniformly for the same transmitted power.

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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)FDMA divides the given spectrum into channels by the frequency domain. Each phone call is allocated one channel for the entire duration of the call. In the figure above, each band represents one call.

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Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)TDMA enhances FDMA by further dividing the spectrum into channels by the time domain as well. A channel in the frequency domain is divided among multiple users. Each phone call is allocated a spot in the channel for a small amount of time, and "takes turns" being transmitted.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)OFDM involves sending several signals at one given time over several different frequency channels, or subcarriers. In our case, the usable frequency range of our equipment will be determined, and that frequency range will be divided into a certain number of channels. At any given time interval during transmission, each subcarrier will be transmitting data. An illustration of OFDM for one time instance is given.

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What is 4G .!?4G is high-speed wireless connectivity that enables a real-time multimedia experience. It allows mobile users to not just send and receive emails, but to deal with large file transfers, view high-resolution streaming multimedia or have a high-quality interactive video experience. While there is no formal 4G definition in the market.

4G gives Real time speed,HQ video interaction.Deep Mehta

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4G technologies each includeIP-based architecture: 4G at its most basic level is defined as an all-IP, high-speed, low-latency, flat-architecture network. The network will enable fast, cost-efficient access to the Internet and enterprise applications. Packet-switched data: Like existing 3G networks, 4G radio access networks will be optimized for packet-switched data as opposed to circuit-switched voice.

IP Based for Hi-Speed,Cost-efficient. Packet-Switch for better Optimization.Deep Mehta

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4G technologies each includeOFDMA signaling: To enable higher speeds and more users per cell, the 4G air interface will be based on orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA), which makes more efficient use of the wireless spectrum than older technologies (improved spectral efficiency).MIMO antennas: 4G radios will make use of multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) technology. MIMO-equipped cell sites send information simultaneously over two or more antennas to improve reception, reduce interference and increase effective throughput.Deep Mehta

4G technologies each includeOpen access: The price/performance improvements of 4G should lead to the expansion of broadband to a wider variety of devices beyond laptops and smartphones, which will lead to market pressure on network providers to open their networks to any compatible device rather than a select few as is true today.Deep Mehta

Enterprise Benefits of 4GHigher speed: 4G technologies are expected to offer speeds of at least 70 Mbps in each direction, which is at least four times faster than the peak rates of the newest HSPA-based GSM networks and 50 times the speed of prevalent CDMA 3G networks such as those using EV-DO Rev A. Lower latency: In a flat, all-IP architecture, the initial data packet connection should be in the 50-millisecond (ms) range with approximately 5 ms of one-way latencyan order of magnitude better than 3G networks. Low latency makes 4G ideal for mobilizing real-time applications such as VoIP, video streaming and tele-presence.Hi-Speed 70Mbps, Lower Latency.Deep Mehta

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Enterprise Benefits of 4GLower price per bit: Due to their architecture and the spectral efficiency of OFDMA, 4G networks promise a substantially lower cost-per-bit than 3G systems.Indoors to outdoors: The promise of 4G to serve as a fixed-line replacement for DSL or cable is spawning the development of indoor femtocells and picocells, which give users high throughput indoors and can transfer them to the wide-area 4G network when they leave the building.Price almost equal to 3G, to replace Fixed lines.Deep Mehta

What New Applications Does 4G Help Mobilize?4G will allow enterprises to extend to mobile workers those applications that were previously restricted to the LAN. It will also allow for brand-new mobile-only applications.VoIP and Unified Communications Enterprise IPTV Tele-presence/Virtual Collaboration Deep Mehta

Specific 4G Technologies Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is based on the IEEE 802.16 family of standards and delivers wireless broadband data at up to 70 Mbps in each direction. This technology is already standardized and in use in more than 300 networks. In the U.S., it is backed by a consortium of companies that include Intel, Motorola, Google, Sprint Nextel and major cable operators. A major performance upgrade to the standard known as 802.16m which was launched in 2011. Deep Mehta

Specific 4G Technologies Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an extension to two key 3G technologies, the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS). LTE is being backed by leading telecommunications companies that include AT&T, Verizon, Vodafone, T-Mobile, NTT DOCOMO. While LTE is not yet standardized, tests with pre-standard equipment have delivered peak speeds of over 100 Mbps. Industry analysts expect the first commercial availability to occur in 2010. Deep Mehta

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4G Technology in Market.!

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Thats All

Thank You For Your Time ..!! Any Questions..?Deep Mehta

THANK YOU

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