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4B Part 2

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1920s Fashion- Men, Women, and Flappers Mens Fashion Men in the Roaring 20s wore baggy plus-fours and wide legged trousers. A more relaxed style was born in this era, with inspiration from sports, including white trousers and v-neck sweaters. Suits consisted of tight jackets with sloping shoulders. Men of the 20s favored a slimmer, more boyish look. Womens Fashion After the war, fashion made an abrupt change from the long, straight skirts of the past, with hemlines rising to just below the knee. Dresses were lighter and silk stockings grew popular as more leg became visible. Bob haircuts gained popularity with thinner eyebrows and simple- brimmed hats. Flappers The Dictionary of Word Phrases and Origins says, In America, a flapper has always been a giddy, attractive, and slightly unconventional young thing and F. Scott Fitzgerald described the ideal flapper as lovely, expensive, and about nineteen. They completely changed fashion after the war, wearing short, loose fitting shift dresses with short, sleek hair. They smoked cigarettes in long holders and put on makeup in public. Flappers got their name from the way they danced the Charleston. The Spirit of 20s Fashion The 1920s embraced youth and joie de vivre, it was a time that encompassed a more vibrant and lively way of life with a rebellious spirit. Sources History1900s.about.com/OD/1920w /a/flappers.htm www.fashion- era.com/flapper_fashion_1920s.htm www.fashion- era.com/flapper_fashion_1920s.htm www.1920- 30.com/fashion.just_the_swing.com /1920 www.1920- 30.com/fashion.just_the_swing.com /1920 Mens.fashion.lovetoknow.com

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Dance The Birth of Performance The Charleston was born. Dance gained popularity through TV. Tap Dance was performed. Charleston + Irish Step = Tap People would blacken their faces to imitate the original African style. Dance was revolutionized. Very interpretive to music. Jazzy and Ragtime music was used. Performance for American Irish. Dance was a happy thing with a lot of emotion and popularity.

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Hairstyles were defined by cultural and social rebellion. Headpieces were worn as expensive and elaborate accessories. Short hair was not accepted as the standard for many salons, so women who wished to get bobs had to go to barbers. 1909- Gordon Selfridge opened the first cosmetics counter. Mascara was called mascaras Metal lip-tracers were sold in cosmetic stores. Eyeliner was inspired to look Egyptian by the discovery of King Tuts Tomb. The bob was invented by the Dutch movie start Mary Thurman by accident. 7 million people in America had bobs by April of 1924. If you didnt have a bob, you usually would have a hairdo called the psyche knot which was a bun in the lower back of your head. Popeyes girlfriend has this hairdo. Hair Styles, Make-up, Beauty Salons: The First Fads

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Radio & Radio Shows- 1920s In the 1920s 60% of American families purchased radios. In 1922 there were 600 radio shows in the U.S. Crystal radios were the first radios to be manufactured and used. Crystal radios were easy to make at home. The radio was used for: music, sporting events, lectures, weather reports, fictional stories, newscasts, market updates, and political commentary. KDKA was the first transmitted radio commercial, broadcasted on November 2 nd, 1920. Families gathered around the radio for nightly entertainment. Families began to schedule their days around popular radio shows. There was no government control over the radio. Shows were frequently interrupted by another program the chose to transmit over the same frequency. America depended on the radio for a source of communication. The radio revolution was called the Golden Age It helped to create a vast new audience of a magnitude which was never dreamed of This audience, invisible but attentive, differs not only in size but in kind from any audience the would has ever known. Owen Young

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Flagpole Sitting Origin Related to an ancient form of discipline Stylitism. A expression of religion or meditation. St. Simeon Stylites the Elder of Turkey sat on a pole for 30 years. How it Started 1924- Alvin shipwreck Kelly, an actor, was dared by a friend to sit on a flagpole. Kelly set the record for 13 hrs. and 13 min. People continued to attempt to beat this record, sitting on poles for 12,17 and even 21 days. How it worked There was a pole with a platform for support. Nourishment was most likely liquids sent up through buckets and ropes. For bathroom use, a small tube was attached to a hole in the ground to which they would turn away from the crowd to use the small tube. Record? The longest record was held by Bill Penfield, which was 30 days and 20 hrs. he would have stayed up there longer, but he was brought down by a thunderstorm. Goldfish Swallowing Origin Started as a way to win a campaign in college with Lorthrop Withington Jr. This shocked people, so it was turned into a dare, and a date was set. Students and reporters gathered for this event. The news of a man swallowing a live goldfish spread, and it turned into a competition. People began to see how many fish they could swallow. Joseph Deliberato held the record of swallowing 89 goldfish. This act was then made illegal in order to preserve the fish Dance Marathons Originated A women named Alma Cummings danced for 27 hours straight, thus beginning the idea of dance marathons Rules Contestants had to constantly be in motion for 45 minutes of the hour. They were allowed 15 minutes of rest In this time, contestants would eat, sleep, massage/stretch, or even read. Record The longest marathon lasted 2 months The Great Depression Dance marathons provided contestants with money, this was how they were able to get food as well as jobs during this rough time. It also allowed them a sense of release, and to forget the outside world.

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the ku klux klan o originated in 1866 in pulaski, tennessee o includes three different klans in three different times o was made up of many former confederate veterans o the first grand wizard or leader of the kkk was a former confederate general name nathan bedford forrest o had branches in nearly every southern state by 1870 o had one goal--to appose the reconstruction at the end of the civil war o used violence as white supremacy intimidation and these acts included tar-and-feathering, lynching, raping and other violent acts o rose in the 1920s in a revival against jewish and catholic immigration o required an initiation to each new member which included an oath, the approval of the investigating committee, and a ten point interrogation o included an empire which included realms, dominions, provinces, and dens, all headed by different appointed leaders o adopted the masks and robes in order to hide their identity o night riders sometimes claimed to be the ghosts of confederate soldiers we believe that the perpetuity of our nation rests upon the solidarity and purity of our native-born, white, gentile, protestant men and women. -creed of klanswomen by equating white anglo-saxon protestantism with true americanism, it fueled intolerance for blacks, catholics, jews, immigrants, and those it deemed immoral and lawless. under the guise of patriotism and christianity, it justified acts of intimidation and vigilante justice. national humanities center derived from the greek word kuklos or circle

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Prohibition THE ILLEGALIZATION OF ALCOHOL The 18 th Amendment to the US Constitution illegalized the consumption and sell of intoxicating liquors in 1919. Bootlegging, the illegal production and sale of liquor, increased during Prohibition. Speakeasies, illegal bars where alcohol could still be purchased, began to pop up during the Prohibition. Prohibition seemed to be working at the beginning with declines in arrests for drunkenness and a 30% drop in overall alcohol consumption. But after the original positive numbers crime and violence began to increase throughout the US. Many Women supported Prohibition because they viewed alcohol as destructive force to the family and marriages. The Anti Saloon League (1893) supported Prohibition because they viewed saloons as corrupt and ungodly. Many factory owners approved Prohibition because they wanted to help prevent accidents caused by drunkenness as well as increase production from workers that had to work extended hours in the era of increased industrial production. Prohibition was originally enforced by the Internal Revenue Service or IRS but was later handed over to the Justice department. Was the cause of many gangs gaining influence and wealth such as Al Capone. Was ended in part because the prospect of legalizing alcohol again would create more jobs for the US during the Great Depression. Prohibition was ended when FDR took office and the 21 st Amendment to the US Constitution was created making Alcohol legal again. Prohibition lasted from 1919-1933 Thered never been a more advantageous time to be a criminal in America than during the 13 years of Prohibition. At a stroke, the American government closed down the fifth largest industry in the United Statesalcohol production and just handed it to the criminals a pretty remarkable thing to do. -Bill Bryson

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Immigration Act of 1924 The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. the Act excluded from entry anyone born in a geographically defined Asiatic Barred Zone except for Japanese and Filipinos. Before the 1920s all immigrants were required to take a literacy test. New immigrants had to pay a higher tax fee. Congress spent a great deal of time trying to restrict immigrants from coming to the U.S. Immigration Quotas were used to prevent high numbers of immigrants to the U.S. President Wilson opposed Quotas and restrictions such as the Literacy Test For many years, Immigration Quotas were in high mandate and caused many differing opinions on immigration to the U.S. Immigration slowly but surely became easier in the U.S. Quotas were not as strictly enforced. Many people immigrated to the U.S. looking for work and a chance to start a new life. "They come here specifically and professedly for the purpose of colonizing and establishing here permanently the proud Yamato race." He singled out the Japanese among other races V.S. McClathy

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Womens Rights The New Woman In 1848 the very first convention for womens rights was held in New York. The 19 th Amendment to the Constitution saying that women had the right to vote was ratified August 18, 1920. In 1921 the first woman was enrolled in North Carolina State College. Women were not happily greeted at the college and there were headlines saying Women not wanted here. People thought women were not equal of men mentally and that if they were able to vote, it would take them out of their proper sphere of life. Though many things had changed by 1929, women were still not treated equal or given equal power or opportunity politically. In 1923, Nellie Tayole Ross was the first woman to be elected as a U.S governor. Women in the 1920s were known as New Women. Many things changed socially for women because of their new rights. They shortened their dresses, smoked, drank illegal alcohol and changed what society thought of women. Women were allowed to compete in the Olympics in 1928 for the first time. In 1923, The Equal Rights Amendment was introduced that said men and women shall have equal rights in the U.S. In the 1920s divorce rates doubled because women would no longer put up with bad husband as they did before. Now I am old-fashioned. A woman, I consider, should be womanly. I have no patience with the modern neurotic girl who jazzes from morning to night, smokes like a chimney, and uses language which would make a billingsgate fishwoman blush! Agatha Christie, Murder on the LinksAgatha Christie, Murder on the Links

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The Scopes Trial Revolutionalizing American Scientific Beliefs - In 1925, Tennessee state legislature passed a law prohibiting the teaching of the evolution theory in public schools -The theory of evolution, published by Charles Darwin, has always been controversial. -John Scopes, a teacher in Dayton, TN, decided to challenge the law and included evolution in his curriculum -He was arrested, and went to trial in the case of State of Tennessee v. Scopes in July of 1925 -The trial was basically a conflict between the Bibles authority and Darwins theory -Scopes was found guilty, and fined $100 -Scopes case was later appealed to the Supreme Court, but thrown out because of a technicality -The Tennessee law prohibiting evolution in school curriculum would last another 42 years -The case publicized scientific evidence for evolution -The case influenced others to stray from traditional biblical thinking to find other scientific theories Emilie Ebert 4B 9/29/14 If today you can take a thing like evolution and make it a crime to teach it in the public school, tomorrow you can make it a crime to teach it in the private schools, and the next year you can make it a crime to teach in the church. At the next session you may ban books and the newspapers. Soon you may try to foist your own religion upon the minds of men. If you can do one you can do the other. Ignorance and fanaticism is ever busy and needs feeding. Clarence Darrow, Scopes lead attorney

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JOSEPH FRANK KEATON 1.Born into a vaudeville family 2.Got his nickname, Buster, from Houdini 3.The Great Stone Face is another nickname 4.Married and divorced twice then married a girl 23 years younger than him 5.Served in France during WWI 6.Never completed school 7.Invented his own gags for films 8.Appeared in many films, and had a part in creating many of them 9.Designed his own pork pie hats 10.Died of lung cancer at 80 years old Keatons genius as an actor to keep a face so nearly deadpan and yet render it, by subtle inflections, so vividly expressive of inner life Gilberto Perez