48674699 electrostatics separation technology

8/6/2019 48674699 Electrostatics Separation Technology

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PILOT TESTS


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Natcos HTUdehydration/desaltingpilot unit in the TulsaR&D facility simulatesfield or refinery

dehydration anddesalting processes;tests conventional andstate-of-the-arttechnologies

PILOT TESTS


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LIMITATIONS OF SINGLE STAGEDESALTERS


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To maintain reasonable wash water requirements, the inlet stream can containonly a small amount of dispersed brine. Toreduce high inlet brine concentrations, adehydrator is placed upstream.

DESALTERS

DEHYDRATOR/DESALTERFLOW SCHEME


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WashWater Effluent

Water

EmulsionInlet

Outlet Oil

EffluentWater Mix

Valve

TWO STAGE DESALTERS

WITH INTER-STAGE RECYCLE


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Brine Recycle

HREE STAGE DESALTERSITH INTER-STAGE RECYCLE


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S G C C

Whereextreme wash

water

conservationor deeper

desalting isrequired,

three stagesmay be used

INTERNAL RECYCLE


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Single Stage Desalter with Internal Recycle

Crude Oil Inlet

Wash Water Inlet

BrineDischarge

Desalted OilDischarge

RecyclePump

Mix Valve

InternalRecycle

INTERNAL RECYCLE


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First Stage Second Stage

Crude Oil Inlet

Wash Water Inlet

BrineDischarge

Desalted OilDischarge

Recycle Pump

MixValve

Internal Recycle

MixValve

Inter-Stage Recycle

Two Stage Desalterswith Internal and Inter-Stage Recycle

INTERNAL RECYCLE


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Three Stage Desalterswith Internal and Inter-Stage Recycle

FirstStage

SecondStage

CrudeOil Inlet

WashWater Inlet

BrineDischarge

OilDischargeThirdStage

REFINERY DESALTING


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REFINERY

PRODUCER A

PRODUCER B

PRODUCER C

PRODUCER D

FIELD DESALTERS


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(3) 2-Stage TrainsAt Sea Side, Egypt

FIELD DESALTERS


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1st and 2nd Stages, Mid-East

REFINERY DESALTERS


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2-STAGE, Mid-East

DESIGN AND OPERATIONALCONSIDERATIONS


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SEPARATION OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

WATER WASH

REMOVAL OF SEPARATED SOLIDS

SAND JETS (MUD WASH SYSTEM)

INTERFACE SLUDGE DRAINS

CONSIDERATIONS

OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONSAVOID

DESIGN AND


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AVOID

CRYSTALLINE SALT

In the producing field, itis caused by low water-

content wells being flash-stripped duringdegassing.

In the refinery it is caused

by heating a low water-content crude to wherethe water solubilityexceeds available water.

AVOIDING SALT CRYSTALLIZATION ANDDEPOSITION IN REFINERY DESALTERS


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HEATERS

CHARGEPUMPS

FEEDSTOCKTANKS

DESALTERS

WASH WATERSUPPLY

SMALL AMOUNT OF

WASH WATERINJECTED UPSTREAMOF HEATERS

Solids Control Sources of Solids


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Sources of Solids

Formation Fines & Precipitated Scale Precipitated Asphaltenes

Solids Partitioned Between Oil and Water Phases

Chemical Treatment May Help

Some Remain in the Vessel

Interface Sludge

Bottom Sediments

Removal Is Essential For:

Control of Conductivity

Maintenance of Flow Distribution

Solids Removal


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Interface Sludge Drain

Mud Wash (Sand Jet) System

Operated As Required

Scheduled Operation

TECHNOLOGY


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ADVANCED

DESALTINGTECHNOLOGIE

S

Combines 5 Essential Process

ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER


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Combines 5 Essential ProcessTechnologies :

Dual Polarity Electrostatic Dehydrator Start with a proven technology

Composite Plate Electrodes

Provide high water tolerance

Load Responsive Controller Controls field strength

Counterflow Dilution Water ProcessProvides multi-stage contact

Electrostatic Mixing ProcessFocuses mixing energy only on dispersed phase


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. . . . . .OIL COLLECTOR

SPREADER

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

INLET

COMPOSITE ELECTRODES

OUTLET

WATER OUTLET

WASH WATERHEADER

WASHWATERINLET

ELECTRO-DYNAMICDESALTER -LOAD RESPONSIVE


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CONTROLLER

ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER - PC BASED LOAD RESPONSIVE


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CONTROLLER

3

LRCProgramming/Monitoring

Software

DEDICATED OR PORTABLE

Feedback

Transformer,SCRs andFiring Board

JunctionBox

NATCO ControlBoard andDiagnostic

Display

PC With LRCProgram andMonitoring

Software

LRCControl

SoftwareAC Power

LOCAL MAY BE LOCAL

OR REMOTE

Control

Diodes

ELECTRO-DYNAMIC DESALTER - COUNTERFLOW WASH WATER


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PROCESS

WASHWATER

HEADERELECTRODE

PLATES

DOWNWARDWATER FLOWUPWARD

OIL FLOW


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TYPICAL SINGLE STAGE EDD


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OIL OUTLET

BRINE OUTLETMIX

VALVE

CRUDEOIL INLET

FIRST WASHWATER INLET

COUNTERFLOWWASH WATERINLET

EDD IN FAR EAST REFINERY


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Dual Frequency Technology


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Transformer Three phase designLow reactanceIncreases power utilization up to 70%.

Voltage ControlVoltage levels can be optimized.Pulse waveform can be selected.

Frequency ControlBase FrequencyPulse Frequency

Modulation of the Electrostatic Field

Dual FrequencyCompact Electrostatic Dehydrator


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Slow Speed ModulationUsed to Control Drop Size Distribution

High Speed ModulationUsed to Energize Drop Surfaces

High Speed Modulation of Field



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High Speed Modulation of Field

Energizes Drops at Resonant FrequencyDeformed Drops More Readily CoalescedAllows Adjustment for Physical Parameters

Interfacial TensionOil ConductivityDensityViscosity



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Incremental improvement, over existing best in classelectrostatic technology.

Allows the operator to minimize planned capital

expansions: Increases processing capacity of existingvessels.

Allows processing of difficult, highly conductive,viscous oils and/or oil blends.

Debottleneck offshore platforms where minimization of space, weight and performance are critical.

Benefits:


Characteristics:


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The transformer consists of three primary components, packagedin a single oil-filled enclosure (three phase, 480 volts (50 / 60 Hz)).

First, the 480 volts is conditioned to produce a variable amplitudeand variable frequency voltage supply for the primary of thetransformer.

Second, the medium frequency transformer steps up the inputvoltage to a secondary voltage level necessary to promoteeffective coalescence.

Third, the secondary voltage is rectified into positive and negativehalf-wave outputs. These polarized, half-wave voltages are thenapplied to the electrodes to create the benefits of both AC and DCfields.

Characteristics:

A PC-based process controller defines the voltage production.



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To highly conductive crude oils: Increasing frequency to maximize the energy delivered to

the oil dehydration process. Using a medium frequency transformer overcomes the

voltage decay associated with conventional 50/60 Hz

transformers.

Where the interfacial tension between the oil and water is low: Adjust the waveform minimize destruction of the water

droplets normally caused by the application of 50/60 Hzpower.

Reducing the frequency of the waveform and the selectionof the shape of the voltage waveform allow to achieve thebest dehydration results.


In wet crude oils (low effective impedance, rapid voltage


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decay):

Reduces voltage decay and effectively sustains theapplied voltage.Seting the minimum and maximum voltage levels to

increase the percentage of the entrained water that isswept by the electrostatic voltage. Maximize the dropletgrowth to promote a rapid sedimentation rate and reachthe smallest water to develop a surface charge andpromote coalescence.Reducing the voltage to a minimum level will maximizethe droplet growth to promote a rapid sedimentationrate.



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PC-based Dual Frequency load responsive control systemcan control:

The output of the transformer to produce an infinite

variety of waveform configurations.

The unique waveform generated is optimized to thespecific oils physical properties, and enables higher treatment rates and lower BS&W levels than

conventional technology.

100Data from German Researchers

Demulsification vs. Frequency


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0

20

40

60

80

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Frequency, Hz

D e m u

l s i f i c a

t i o n

,

1000 V

3000 V

International Chemical Engineering, Vol. 33, no. 1, January, 1993

Dual Frequency The Latest Development


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Combines Modulation Modes

Maximum Drop Growth & Vessel Flux

Optimized for Crude Oil Characteristics

More Efficient Power Utilization

Easy Retrofit

Dual Frequency Field Test Results


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0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000

D u a l

P o l a r i t y

C o m p

o s i t e

D u a l F r

e q u e n c

y

Capacity (BOPD)

OutletBS

&W (%)

Dual Frequency Results


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Dual Frequency Applications


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Retrofits to existing installations:Especially Dual Polarity (External Changes)Increased performance: BS&W and/or Capacity

Refinery market where:Highly conductive crudes cannot be desaltedSpace is a constraint

Offshore production facilities where:Space is limitedWeight increases deck construction & expense

Dual Frequency Advantages

Reduced outlet BS&W by 30 to 95%


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y

Tested on oils between 17 & 40 API.

Allows an increase in vessel throughput from 50to 100%.

Easy retrofit to existing Dual Polaritydehydrators or desalters

Estimated 2000 vessels currently in service.

Replaces steel and vessel volume withadvanced electrostatic controls

Easily optimized to process conditions.



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Dual Frequency TM

Compact Coalescer Technology


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Example:

Technology

48674699 electrostatics separation technology

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