4786 4790.output

* GB785193 (A)

Description: GB785193 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Polyvinyl oxo-alkanals

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

\ ( < PATENT SPECIFICATION 785193 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: March 29, 1956 - No 9884156. Application made in United States of America on April 12, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 6), P 1 C 2 OD( 1: 3), P 1 D( 1 X: 5). International Classification:-CO 8 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Polyvinyl Oxo-Alkanals We, Esso RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY, a Corporation duly organised and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States of America, do, hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a, patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is) to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to polyvinyl acetal. type products, more appropriately called polyvinyl Oxo-alkanals, and the preparation thereof by reacting polyvinyl alcohols or esters, thereof with Oxo-aldehydes, which in turn area derived by oxonation of olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

The term " polyvinyl acetals " has been used loosely to refer either specifically to polyvinyl acetal per se or to other corresponding aldehyde derivatives such as polyvinyl formal, propional, or butyral, and several higher aldehydes derivatives made with n-heptaldehyde or 2ethylhexaldehyde. It has now been found that unexpectedly superior products are obtained by making the corresponding polyvinyl aldehyde derivatives of the highly branched Oxo aldehydes having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 13 carbon atoms Thus, according to this invention a polyvinyl alcohol, which may be made in conventional manner by alcoholysis or hydrolysis of'polyvinyl acetate or other desired' ester, is reacted with the desired Oxo aldehyde having the general formula R-CH,-CHO in which R is a branched alkyl group' of 6 to 14, preferably 6 to, 11 carbon atoms, to' produce the corresponding polyvinyl " acetal " derivatives whichl may be termed Oxo-alkanals. The Oxo aldehydes may be prepared directly, or from the corresponding Oxo alcohols by conventibnal oxidation or dehydrogenation techniques The Oxo' aldehydes used are obtained by the " Oxo " process wherein an olefin feed is first reacted with' carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a temperature of about 250 to, 4000 F and a, pressure of about to' 400 atm, in the presence of a cobalt catalyst to form aldehydes according to the reaction: CHI 2, + CO + H, > C 1 H 2, + 1 CHO. These aldehydes may be used either directly for reaction with the polyvinyl alcohols for the purposes of this invention, or the 'aldehydes made in this first Oxo, step may be subsequently -hydrogenated to' the corresponding alcohols, which may then be subjected to any desired purification step such as fractionation, etc, and then subsequently dehydrogenated to give the purified branched Oxo aldehydes for use in the present invention. One of the preferred Oxoi aldehydes for this invention, is an octyl aldehyde having the general formula R-CH 2 CIIO :in which R is a branched hexyl group; the product is a mixture of isomers consisting chiefly of compounds having, methyl groups located in the 3-, 4-, or 5-positions. This, Oxo octaldehyde generally has physical properties about as follows: Mol Wt. Sp:ec Gr at 20/40 C. Boiling Pt at 760 mmn; Hg, Refractive Index, n D 20 1.28 0 832 C 157-182 1.4210 The desired polyvilyl Oxo-ailkanals may be made by several different processes For-instance, 'polyvinyl acetate, or propionate, etc. may be reacted directly with the Oxo aldehydes of 8 toi 16 carbon

atoms to make directly the corresponding polyvinyl Oxo-Alkanals, e.g by using mineral' acid catayst, or, as is preferred, the polyvinyl acetate is first converted in known manner by treatment with methyl or ethyl alcohols and either sulfuric -4 R E a E 11 C 1 acid or a caustic soda o potash, etc, to make the polyvinyl alcohol, and then this is reacted with the desired Oxo aldehyde to make ihe final polyvinyl Oxo-alkanal. There is some flexibility in these processes, as the conversion of the original polyvinyl acetate to polyvinyl alcohol may be either carried to completion, or to partial conversion to leave some ester groups; and in turn, the. hydroxyl groups in the resulting product may be essentially completely or only partially re acted with the Oxo aldehyde. The molecular weight of the parent polyvinyl acetates or polyvinyl alcohols may alsobe varied over broad ranges as is well known. The amount of Oxot aldehyde in the reaction mixture with the polyvinyl alcohol (or ester) may vary according to the desired physical properties of the final product, but normally should range froih, about 0 1 to 1 0, preferablyabout 0 25 to 05, mole of the aldehyde per molar equivalent o ithevinyl alcohol or vinyl acetate. The reaction of the polyvinyl ajcohol with the Oxo aldehyde nmay be garried out-by mixng the materials at a temperature from about. room temperature, eg 200 - to about 1000 C., preferably about 40 l-iij 800 C The polyvinyl alcohol may be dissolved in water or dispersed in; alaohoii benzene or other solvents A small amount of a mineral acid is employed as Ecatalyst 'After the resulting condensatiou'reaction is completed, which may take place in from a few-m Inutes to several houfs, depending on' temperature, catalyst andi agitation used, the resulting solution or slurry is neutralized, or even converted to a slighty alkaline -condition, by a suitable basic substance such as caustic soda, or potash, ammonium hydroxide, organic amines, etc The polymer generally precipitates, dnd may be filtered off from the water or other liquid medium, pr otherwise separated therefrom, dried or given any other desired finishing treatment It may be prepared for the market in any desired physical fornm, e g pellets, granules, -fibrs, sheets, etc It may also be supplied in the form of solution in an aromatic solvent such as bengene, 'toluene, or xylene, etc if about 25 % or more of the hydroxyl -groups are reacted or in a solvent such as ethanol, if less than about % of the hyclroxyl groups are reacted, or if desired it may be supplied in the form of emulsions or latices -The polyvinyl Oxo 4 dkanals of this invention may -be used to advantage in place of brittle polyvinyl derivatives of the lower aldehydes such as formaldehydex acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde which require high degrees of plasticization to be -useful The present products have a

surprisingly effective combination of physical properties such-as low brittle point and yet good tensile strength, flexibility and low water-sensitivity, etc The low temperature properties are especially good These products may be advantageously used as a bonding layer to make laminated safety glass, for bonding metal ito metal, for making moulded products for wire insulation, for coating compositions, and, for other uses: For certain uses, it is desirable to use some plasticizer with the polyvinyl Oxo-alkanals of this invention Suitable materials may be dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate, trioctyl phosphate, etc Such plasticizers may be used in concentrations ranging from about 5 te 35 parts by wt per 100 parts of -the polyvinyl Oxo-alkanal. Other conventional additives may be used such as small amounts of anti-oxidants, or other stabilizers, as well as pigments, dyes, fillers, etc. The details and advantages of this invention will be better understood from the following experimental data. -Particularly useful polyvinyl Oxo-alkanals according to the present invention are those derived from Oxo-octaldehyde, Oxo-decaldehyde and Oxo-tridecaldehyde. EXAMPLE 1. Commercially -available polyvinyl alcohols, supplied on the market under the trade name "BE 1 vanols" were used in these tests They have the following physical properties: Elvanol Identification 72-60 71-30 70-05 50-42 52-2254-22 3 I-31 Molecular Degree of Weight Saponification, %Y. High Medium Low High Medium-Low Medium Medium 99 99 99 88 88 88 91 The last two numbers in the Elvanol Identification indicate the viscosity in centipoises of a 4 % aqueous solution at 20 C. The C 8 Oxo aldehyde used in Example 1 was a commercially available mixture of isomern having physical properties substantially as indicated hereinabove. The polyvinyl alcohol and C 8 aldehyde were reacted in, proportions indicated in the following table, by the following procedure: Polyvinyl alcohol ( 308 gms -7 mols) is dispersed in benzene ( 3 5 liters) C 8 Oxo alde A hyde ( 3 5 mols) is added to the reaction mixture and H Cl gas is bubbled in slowly with vigorous agitation The temperature is allowed to rise to 40-50 ' C When solution begins to clear, methyl alcohol is added to precipitate the polyvinyl octyla L Product is worked up in a kneader by washing with methyl alcohol, hot water and finally methyl alcohol Dried under vacuum. For comparison one test was run in which li C 12 C 121 j 785,193 -785,193 half of the C Oxoi aldehyde was replaced by tested for

brittle pomnt, 'C and tensile strength n-butyraldehyde All of these products were (psi), with the following results: Feed (moles) Elvanol C 8 Oxo Ald Butyraldehyde Brittle Points, 'C. -3 Tensile, psi 1.5 (A) 0 75 7 3850 1.5 (A) 0 375 0 375 30 5400 1.5 (B) 0 75 13 4325 1.5 (C) 0 75 43 5300 (A) (B) (C) Medium mol wt 77 % hydrolyzed ,,3-, 91 %,,3 13 A) A 3) 99 % 51 In the above table, the first two, tests show that-the use of an aldehyde consisting entirely of a C Ox O aldehyde to make the polyvinyl alkanal, gives a much superior (lower) brittle point, i e -7 C, compared to the undesirably high brittle point of 300 C obtained when half of the C 8 Oxo aldehyde is replaced by butyraldehyde A comparison of the first, thircl and fourth tests shows the further improvement in brittle point obtained when the CQ Oxo aldehyde is reacted with a polyvinyl alcohol of increasingly higher percent hydrolysis (ie 77, 91, and 99 %' hydrolyzed, respectively) The tensile strengths are also improved in the same order, from 3850 to 4325, and to, 5300 psi, respectively. EXAMPLE 2. A polyvinyl Oxor octanal (abbreviated herebelow as PVO) was made substantially as described in Example 1, and similarly a polyvinyl Oxo decanal (called PVD) was similarly prepared, and for companson a polyvinyl butyral (called PVB). These were all prepared from a E mediumn molecular weight polyvinyl alcohols 99 % hydrolyzed The resulting alkanals were sheeted into' films and tested for elongation, tensile strength, stiffness and softening point, with the results shown in the following table: PHYSICAL DATA ON CAST FILMS % of Original PVOH Hydroxyls Sample Remaining PVB Thickness (inches) 0.018 Stiffness in Torsion % Tensile, at 250 C. Elongation psi (psi) 4650 4 1 X 107 PVO PVD Present Invention 22 0 019 210 0.029 180 The above data show clearly that the poly-vinyl Oxo CQ and Co alkanals have a far superior flexibility compared to the prior polyvinyl butyral This is particularly evident from the higher elongation and lower stiffness of the products of the present invention. 4300 1 25 x 105 140 3300 1 8 x 106 125 EXAMPLE 3. The polyvinyl butyral and polyvinyl Oxo C 8 alkanal of Example 2 were tested for comparative solubility in various common solvents, with the following results: Softening Point, OF. i -785,193 RESIN SOL 6 BIUITY. PVB ' PVO Methanol Ethanol Acetone Ethyl: Ether Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Dichloride -Benzene Methyl Ethyl Ketone Ethyl Acetate Dioxane Soluble Soluble Swells Insoluble = Swels Gels Partially Soluble -Swells Soluble Soluble Insoluble Insoluble ' Partially soluble

Partially soluble Insoluble -' Gels-Partially soluble C Soluble Cloudy Solution Cloudy Solution Soluble The above table shows that whereas the prior art polyvinyl butyral is soluble in lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, and insoluble in ethyl ether, the polyvinyl Oxo CQ alkanal of the present invention shows substantialy reverse properties in being insoluble in the lower alcohols, and partially soluble in ethyl ether Both products are soluble in dioxane, and either swell or have partial soluRESIN C Resin PVB Urea-formaldehyde Melamine-fornaldehydc Triazine-formaldehyde Alkyd bility in a number of other solvents such as acetone, ethylene dichloride, etc. EXAMPLE 4. The-two polyvinyl alkanals used in Example 3 were also tested 'for comparative resin compatibility (using 1 to 4 parts by weight of the alkanal per part by weight of the various resins indicated), with the results indicated herebelow: )MPATJBILITY. PVO Borderlinee 1 Incompatible Borderline Compatible Incompatible This tab Jle shows that whereas the prior art polyvinyl butyral is either incompatible, or has only borderline compatibility with the four common types of resins, the polyvinyl Oxo octanal of the present invention is'compatible with, those same resins. EXAMPLE 5. For a' specific comparison of polyvinyl alkanals made from an Oxo, C, aldehyde of thepresent invention, compared with prior art 2 ethyl hexaldehyde, (having the branching cthe carbon adjacent to the aldehyde group), alkanajs were made from each of these two aldehydes by the general process described hereinbefore, using the same polyvinyl alcohol starting material and the same reaction condi tions, and the resulting polyvinyl alkanal products were tested for tensile strengh and tor sional stiffness, with the following results: 0 a O Torsional Stifness Tensile at 250 C. (psi) (psi) Polyvinyl 2-ethyl hexal Polyvinyl Oxo octal 2955 1 3 x 10 ' 5270 1 7 x 10 ' Compatible Compatible Compatible Compatible

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* GB785194 (A)

Description: GB785194 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in and relating to tilting chairs

Description of GB785194 (A)

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BE546887 (A) CH340976 (A) DE1108870 (B) LU34351 (A1) NL85451 (C) BE546887 (A) CH340976 (A) DE1108870 (B) LU34351 (A1) NL85451 (C) less Translate this text into Tooltip



1 1 1i ' ' l',1 ' i1,':711i ' ( We, G Is PEN's FABRIEK VOOR METAALBEWERKING N V, a Company organised under the Laws of Netherland, of Culemborg, Netherland, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly desk cribed in and by the following statement:- Our present invention relates to an improvement in a tilting chair of the type comprising, in combination, a seat pivotally mounted at or close to its front edge upon a base member, a spring member co-operating with the seat and tending to hold it in normal substantially horizontal position, at least one supporting arm whose lower end is pivoted to the base member on an axis parallel with the pivot of the seat and whose upper end is urged by the spring into a position to support the seat so that the arm assumes a slight rearward deviation from the vertical when the seat is substantially horizontal, and an abutment preventing the arm from being moved by said spring in

forward direction beyond last said position. A chair of this type has been disclosed by our British Patent Specification No. 668,617. In this prior construction, one end of the spring engages a fixed point of the supporting arm and its other end is secured to a screw, which co-operates with a nut in such a manner that by means of said nut the initial tension of the spring can be varied according to the weight of the person using the chair. Although said known chair has proved to be very satisfactory, yet it has been found in practice that it has a certain inconvenience. If, namely, the person sitting in the chair shifts his centre of gravity rearward in order to lean back, the seat will be tilted or tipped, against the action of the spring, insufficiently in the case of a person of very light weight, and excessively in the case of a person of exceptionally heavy weight, even if the initial tension of the spring had been adjusted to the correct value at which the seat assumes its horizontal position when the user of the seat is sitting thereon in the normal upright position. In accordance with our present invention, which has for its object to overcome said inconvenience, the front end of the spring is rigidly secured to the base member and the rear end thereof is adapted to be displaced approximately in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the arm, so that during this displacement the tension of the spring is practically not varied. With this improvement, the initial tension of the spring can be so selected as to have a suitable value throughout the range of said displacement Owing thereto, anyone having a weight of say more than 50 kilograms but less than 140 kilograms can conveniently sit upright in the chair and smoothly lean back to the desired incline of the back of the chair. In order that our invention may be well understood by those skilled in the art, we shall now proceed to describe the same with reference to the annexed drawing, in which:Fig 1 shows a plan view of part of the base member of a chair embodying the invention; Fig 2 is a side elevational view of said part; and Fig 3 is a side elevation, drawn to a smaller scale, of the greater part of the chair with a back leaning person sitting therein. The base member comprises a foot 4 supported by four castors 5 and accommodating a central, vertical spindle 6 Secured to the 785,194 PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 10, 1956 No 10841156. ) j Application made in Netherlands on June 2, 1955.

Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 52 ( 1), VB; and 52 ( 2), R 1 E. International Classification -A 47 b, c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in and relating to Tilting Chairs. 60: top end of the spindle 6 is a cross piece 7, to whose ends are rigidly connected two parallel, upwardly and forwardly inclined supporting bars 8, 9 of equal lengths, and a cross rod 10 has its ends supported in bearings of the front ends of said bars The cross rod 10, together with two parallel, rearwardly extending bars 11, 12 secured thereto, forms a frame for supporting both the seat 13 and the back 14 and adapted to swing about the axis of rod 10. Rotatably mounted to arm 8 ( 9) about an axis in parallel relation with rod 10 is a supporting arm 15 ( 16), which is provided, at some distance from its free end, with a roller 1 Sa ( 16 a) whose axis of rotation is also parallel to rod 10, and further with a hook member 15 b ( 16 b) Studs 11 a, 12 a projecting from the outer sides of the bars 11, 12 serve as abutments for the hook members 15 b, 16 b. The arms 15, 16 are rigidly interconnected by a strap 23, to the central portion of which a screw spindle 24 is rotatably mounted so as to be 'locked against axial displacement. Secured to the lower end of said spindle is a hand knob-24 a, and co-operating with the spindle is a nut 25 provided with two opposite, lateral stud pins 25 a To said pins are hooked, by means of a member 26, the rear ends of two coiled springs 17, 18, whose front ends are hooked to, the cross rod 10. So, said nut is locked against rotation. The springs 17, 18 are so dimensioned as to -be adapted, in the unloaded position of rest of the chair, to hold the rollers 15 a, 16 a in engagement with and exerting a predetermined pressure on the lower faces of bars 1 f, 12 As will be understood, the initial tension of these springs will hardly be varied when the nut 25 is screwed up or down by rotation of the hand knob 24 a. In said position of rest of the chair, the supporting arms 15, 16 enclose a small angle (of less than 30 ') with the vertical, said position being shown by full lines in Fig. 2 If, now, a person sits down in the chair in the ordinary erect position, the seat will remain substantially horizontal (provided of course that the initial tension of the springs 17, 18 has the proper value in accordance with the weight of said person), owing to the rollers 15 a, 16 a exerting a sufficient pressure on the bars 11, 12. Said pressure can be adjusted by rotation 55 of the hand knob 24 a, whereby the point wherein the springs engage the supporting arms 15,

16 through the screw spindle 24 is moved away from or towards the pivots of said arms The correct value of said initial 60 tension is the one at which the seat just remains horizontal when the user sits in the chair in erect position If, now, said person leans back, i e if he shifts his centre of gravity to the rear, the upward pressure of 65 the rollers 15 a, 16 a increases, so that the condition of ecuilibrium is disturbed, whereby the seat swings down about the axis of the cross bar 10, the supporting arms 15, 16 are forced rearward, the rollers 15 a, 16 a 70 move along bars 11, 12 and the tension of the springs gradually increases until a new position of equilibrium has been reached.


* GB785195 (A)

Description: GB785195 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to springs


S-N v PATENT SPECIFICATION Date {> -licatiita ftuiuq Cozpi-l'e:S ilcaia, April 17 19 h 56 N Xo11667:56. -ppiication made in O;ernnani, on O pr, 2 i 5, 1955. Contplete Specift Latioin Publziselw: Oct '23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 108,3), 58 M 1 B. International Classiication: FO 6 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Springs. ERRATA SPECIFICATION No 785,196

, line 62, for " ( M read " (M. k 1) Page 2, line 18, for "oil-soluble" read " oilinsoluble " Page 2, line 25, for "aids " read " acids" Page 2, line 103, for " 1400 ' C" read C 140 ' C " Page 3, line 18, for "oygen" read "oxygen" Page 3, line 34, for " Nak 0, "read " Naz CO " Page 3, line 77, for "purpose" read "purposes" Page 4, line 23, for " 50 parts" read " 580 parts " Page 4, line 64, for "Co " read "COO" Page 4, line 120, for "oil-soluble " read " oilinsoluble " THE PATENT OFFICE, the device to eas an ditions, or in order to make it more universal It has not been possible hitherto to meet this requirement and it has hitherto been necessary to exchange springs having different spring constants with one another. The changing of the springs can, however, only be effected after disconnecting the apparatus, and this often cannot be done for operational reasons Changing the spring constants according to this known method is only possible in relatively big steps. The object of the invention is to provide a spring element for operation by pneumatic lPrice 3 s 6 d l 1 t if n d for the operation of grabs, in particular grabs with fluctuating loads The new springs can be effective in both directions so that when they are used a separate damping device can usually be dispensed with. A pneumatic adjustable spring element made according to the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings in which:Fig 1 is a central section illustrating the spring element in the position of rest; Fig 2 is a view similar to Fig 1 showing the spring element moved out of its rest position by the amount of its stroke h; and 785,195 2,5 '; ' "C, We, WESTINGHOUSE BREMSEN-GESELLSCHAFT m b HI, of 21 Am Lindener Hafen, Hannover, Germany, a German Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to springs, such for example as return springs for fluid pressure regulating valves. The return force of the usual springs produced from elastic materials is deter. mined according to the formula P=c J, in which P is the return force, c the spring constant, and f the measure of the elastic deflection of the spring The spring constant c is a linear quantity measured in Kg./cm dependent on the material and to a higher power on the shape -of the spring. It is fixed at the start for each individual spring and indicates the force necessary for deflecting the spring by 1 cm. For many purposes in the art, in particular in the art of regulation,

spring elements are-often desired with variable spring properties, for example to act on the regulating member in finer steps in order to adapt the device to easily changing operating conditions, or in order to make it more universal It has not been possible hitherto to meet this requirement and it has hitherto been necessary to exchange springs having different spring constants with one another. The changing of the springs can, however, only be effected after disconnecting the apparatus, and this often cannot be done for operational reasons Changing the spring constants according to this known method is only possible in relatively big steps. The object of the invention is to provide a spring element for operation by pneumatic lPrice 3 s 6 d l or hydraulic fluid pressure in which the value of the spring can be varied in a stepless manner. With the foregoing object in view a spring in which the return force is produced by pressure fluid made in accordance with the present invention is characterised by the feature that the member transmitting the spring force carries two pistons, between which the pressure fluid acts, at least one of these pistons having an effective surface the size of which changes when the pistons are being displaced The pressure of the pressure fluid may also be variable. Preferably the said piston members are formed by two diaphragms, arranged as imirror images of one another and bearing against conical surfaces on the transmission member and on the casing securing the edges of the diaphragms the arrangement being such that when the transmission mem. ber is displaced the area of the effective sur. face of one of -the diaphragms is altered inversely to that of the effective surface of the other diaphragm. A device according to the invention can be used in a number of fields One important use is as a return spring for pneumatic regulating valves, such as are used for the operation of grabs, in particular grabs with fluctuating loads The new springs can be effective in both directions so that when they are used a separate damping device can usually be dispensed with. A pneumatic adjustable spring element made according to the invention is illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings in which:Fig 1 is a central section illustrating the spring element in the position of rest; Fig 2 is a view similar to Fig 1 showing the spring element moved out of its rest position by the amount of its stroke h; and ,, Y',,-1 . i 78 g 5 f 195 i __ 7 7 PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application andfiling Compl'ee Specificcatton 0: April 17 1956 i Nto11667156. Ipplicalion made in Germany on April 25, 1955; Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957.

Index at Acceptance:-Class 108,3), 588 X 1}. International Classigication: F 06 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Springs, 606570) 785,195 Fig 3 is a power-stroke diagram showing different spring characteristics. The spring element shown in Figs 1 and 2 consists of a casing 4, a piston like spindle 5 and two diaphragms 6, 7 The spindle 5 is provided with two conical parts and is arranged to move axially in the casing 4. The outer peripheral edges of the two diaphragms 6, 7 are secured to the casing 4 and the inner peripheral edges are secured to the spindle 5, the arrangement being such that parts of their surface bear respectively on the conical surfaces 8, 9 of the spindle 5, whilst the other parts of their surfaces bear on the conically shaped inner walls 13, 14 of the casing 14 The annular chamber 10 formed between the diaphragms is joined by a pipe 11 to a self lapping valve 12, which controls the flow of compressed air into the annular chamber from a compressed air source (not shown), in dependence on the position of the operating lever. Under the action of a superstructure in the annular chamber 10 the diaphragms 6, 7 tend to move in opposite directions In the position of the spindle 5 shown in Fig 1 the diaphragm surfaces adjacent to the casing 4 and the diaphragm surfaces adjacent to the spindle are of similar size In consequence the axial forces exerted on the spindle 5 by the remaining surfaces of the diaphragms are mutually cancelled out If the spindle 5 is displaced downwards for example by the amount h (Fig 2) by a force acting from outside, then the upper diaphragm 6 is lifted off the surface 13 of the casing to a large extent by the conical part of the spindle whilst the lower diaphragm 7 is unrolled from the conical surface 9 and bears to a corresponding extent against the surface 14 of the casing An upwardly directed force P is thus produced which tends to return the spindle 5 again into its rest position. The value of the return force P as also the axial displacement h of the spindle 5 depends on the air pressure prevailing in the annular chamber 10 By altering this pressure by means of the self lapping valve 12 the spring constant c, on-which the return force depends, can be varied as desired. The diagram shown in Fig 3 illustrates the characteristics of the new spring element at different pressures.

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* GB785196 (A)

Description: GB785196 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Process for the preparation of oil-soluble basic monovalent metal salts oforganic acids


A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

BE547168 (A) DE1122526 (B) FR1152926 (A) BE547168 (A) DE1122526 (B) FR1152926 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION -'1 \ I, ' f,,, j, i( I , L', p -785 196 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification April 20, 1956. 7 F r 'I No 12176/56. Application made in Netherlands on April 22; 1955. Complete Specification -Published Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance: -Classes 2 ( 3), C 3 A 7 (A 2: D: El: G 1), C 3 A 1 OA( 4 E: 5 A 1), C 3 B, C 3 C 5 (A 2: D 2), C 3 Cl O; and 91, Fl, GI Al. International Classification: -CO 7 c Cl Og, in. COMPLETE SPECIFICATYON Process for the preparation of Oil-Soluble

Basic Monovalent Metal Salts of Organic Acids We, N V D Es BATAAF Se HE Pj'Trno L Eum M.A Ts CHAPF Ij, a company organised under the laws of The Netherlands, of 30, Carel van Bylandtlaan, The Hague, The Netherlands, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be par: ticularly described in and by the following statement: - It is well known to use oil-soluble polyvalent salts of organic acids as detergent additives in lubricating oils In many cases it is advantageous to employ basic salts The basicity of the salts does not only improve the detergent properties of the oils, but also provides the oils with a so-called "-alkaline reserve " This 2 " alkaline reserve " reserve makes it possible that sulphur-containing acids, which may be formed in an engine by combustion of a sulphur-containing fuel and which may give rise to corrosive wear, are neutralized, so that the said wear is prevented. Oil-soluble basic salts of organic acids are also used in other oily media For example, they are added to fuel oils in order to prevent corrosion and clogging of filters and the like They -are also incorporated in light hydrocarbon mixtures, such as anti-corrosion oils and gasolines. Oil-soluble basic salts: of organic acids may generally be represented by the empirical formula:Rt Meq, Me'r Z. In this formula R Me, is a salt of an organic acid, which is oil-soluble per se, R is an organic -acid radical, Me is a metal, p and q are integers dependent on the valencies of R and Me In Melr Z,, Me' is a metal (the same aslor different from Me), Z is an arbitrary atom or group such that the compound Me'r Z, is oil-insoluble lPric 6 pe T se; r and S are integers dependent on the valencies of M Je and Z v is an arbitrary number which is not necessarily an integer. M Jr Zg may be, for example, a metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate and the basic salt is then said to have an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate basicity, respectively. More than one compound of the type Mfe'Z, may be present in the basic salt, so that the basic salt may have, for example, partly a hydroxide basicity and partly a carbonate basicity. The basicity of -the basic salts may be expressed by the formula: 1) x 100 % (EM wherein M is the number of equivalents of metal Me-plus Mel) and E is the number of equivalents of the organic acid R present in a certain quantity of the basic salt The invention relates to a process for the preparation of oil-soluble basic salts of organic of the above formula, wherein Me and i Me 1 are monovalent metals. -A process for -the preparation of oilsoluble organic sulphonates of this type is already known from 1 J S Specification

2,623,016 In this process the starting material is an oil solution of a heutral sulphonate, -e g a sodium petroluein suilphonate To this solution an aqueous solution or suspension of an oil-insoluble compound, such as Na Oll, is added The mixture is dehydrated by heating and filtered. This proces has the disadvantage that only a relatively law basicity can be attained. According to the T T specification it is possible to convert the basicity of the salt thus obtained (i e in the case referred to, a hydroxide basicity) into another type of basicity (e g into a 9 carbonate basicity by 1 treatihg the basic salt with 002) It is organic acid as the starting material If clear that as a result of this conversion of desired, a mixture of such salts may also one type of basicity into another type the be used as the starting material. degree of basicity of the salt remains The starting material is dissolved in an unchanged oil The term " oil " means generally a 71 The process of Lthe invention makes it liquid having a dielectric constant of 10 possible to prepare oi-l-soluble basic mono or less This includes in particular liquid valent metal salts 7 'of -organic acids, hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, such which have a considerably higher as benzene, toluene, xylene, pentane, basicity heptane and petroleum fractions from 75 According to the process the he inven gasoline up to lubricating oil fractions If tion, an oil-soluble basic monovalent metal the basic salt which-is obtained as the end salt of an organic acid is prepared by product is intended for use as a lubricatreacting an oil-soluble monovalent metal ing oil additive, it may be advantageous salt of an organic acid dissolved in an to use a solvent having a relatively low 80 oil, in the presence of water andlor a volatility, such as a lubricating oil fracwater-miscible oxygen-containing organic tion It is then possible to add the solution liquid, with an oil-soluble monovalent finally obtained to a lubricating oil and metal compopnd, which is formed in situ it is not necessary to remove the solvent in the reaction mixture after this additionPreferably, the lubri 85 The oil-soluble metal salt may be eating oil fractiona used as solvent in the derived from various classes of organic present process has a not too high visacids, such as sulphonic acids, carboxylic cosity Fractions having a viscosity acids and phosphorus-contaihing -acids between 100 and 400 ' SSU at 388 O are The sulphonic aids may be derived from very suitable 90 aliphatic, cyclo-aliphatic, aromatic or The concentration of the original salt alkyl-aromatic hydrocarboins; the latter in the solution is generally from 10 to 50 % class of, acids preferably contains at least by weight, and preferably from 15 to 40 % 12 carbodnlatoms in the alkyl substititent by weight -However other

concentrations A particular class of sulphonic acids is may also be used For example, in some 95 formed by the petroleum sulphonic acids bases good results are obtained with soluExamples of suitable carboxylic acids -are tioias having a concentration of 65 to 7 '0 % alkylated aromatic-carboxylic acids con +byxweight. 1 taining a relatively long alkyl chain, such The reaction should be carried out in as the alkyl salicylic acids containing 12 the presence of water and/ or a water-mis 100 or more carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, cible oxygen-containing organic liquid. and cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids such Preferably the organic liquid has a boilas petroleum naphthenic acids Phos ing point below 14000 O A Suitable organic phorus-containing acids may be derived liquids are aliphatic alcohols, especially from-tri or pentavalent phosphorus; the lower aliphatic alcohols, by which it is 105 corresponding thio-acids also come into meant alcohols having not more than 6 consideration carbon atoms per molecule, such as The salt which is used as starting methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, material is not necessarily a neutral salt n-butanol and isobutanol; ketones, for It may be, for example, a basic salt which example acetone, methyl ethyl' ketone, 110 _may be prepared according to the process diethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, and of the invention or accordmig to any other cyclo-hexanone; ethers, for example diisoprocess Starting from a basic salt, its propyl ether, monomethyl and monoethyl basicity may be increased by subjecting it ethers of glycol, 1,3-dioxane and 1,4to 'the process of the invention Thus, dioxane; and esters, for example ethyl 115 according to a particular embodiment of acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl propionate, the process of the invention, a basic salt n-propylacetate and isopropyl acetate. which has been prepared according to the If only water is used, the proportion process of the invention is subjected once thereof in the reaction mixture generally more or several' times to this process in should be at least 2 % by weight, based on 120 order to increase its basicity the solution of the oil-soluble monovalent The oil-soluble monovalent metal salt of metal salt of the organic acid. an organic acid, which is used as the start It may be noted that water may be ing material, may be first formed iii situ formed during the reaction, for example in the reaction mixture by reacting the if the oil-insoluble monovalent metal 125 free organic acid with a compound of the compound which is formed in situ in the desired monovalent metal, such as an reaction mixture, is Na 2 C 03 and this is oxide, hydroxide or carbonate formed from Na OH and 002. It is not hecessary to use only one oil If only an oxygen-containing organic soluble monovalent metal salt of an liquid is used, the proportion thereof in 130 785,19 B 785,196 the reaction mixture is

generally at least % by weight, based on the solution of the oil-soluble monovalent metal salt of the organic acid In many cases a proportion between 5 and 100 % is very suitable, although still greater proportions may be used When using methanol, proportions of 5 to 10 % are particularly effective, although larger proportions up to 100 % or more may be used Good results have been obtained with commercial anhydrous ( 99 %) methanol However, methanol, containing more water may be used, particularly when high methanol concentrations of the order of 50 % or more are employed. The oil solution and the water a-ndlor water-miscible oygen-containing organic liquid may be present during the reaction LO in the form of one homogeneous liquid phase or in the form of two separate liquid phases (which are preferably thoroughly mixed) In some cases a high water concentration in the oil solution may be disl 25 advantageous Then it is advantageous to employ a water-miscible oxygen-containing organic liquid in such a proportion that it forms a separate phase This phase will lower the water concentratioi of the oil phase. The formation of the oil-insolublenm onovalent metal compound in situ in the reaction mixture can be effected in any suitable way ' For example, Nad O, may be formed by adding Na OH (either in the dry state or dissolved or suspended in water or an alcohol) to the reaction mixture and then passing CO 2 through the reaction mixture. The most advantageous reaction conditions depend on Q the nature of the reactants, the solvents and the method of in situ formation of the oil-insoluble monovalent metal compound Generally, temperatures of between 20 and 1,50 C, particularly between 40 and 1200 C, are suitable When the process is carried out under atmospheric pressure, the temperature should preferably not exceed the boiling point of the lowest boiling component present in the reaction mixture so that the latter is not completely removed before the end of the reaction By carrying out the process at pressures higher than atmospheric, high temperatures can be employed After the reaction, the reaction mixture may be dried to remove water and/or the water-miscible oxygehcontaining organic liquid, for example by heating to temperatures of 1350 C to 160 a If desired, the dried product can be air-blown The dried product may then be filtered to remove suspended solids From the solution thus obtained the solvent cah be removed, e g by distillation in order to obtain the basic organic salt in a free state. Basic salts prepared according to the process of the invention may contain any monovalent metal, such as sodium, potassium or lithium Ammonium can also be present and the term " monovalent metal " must be understood so as to iaclude ammonium. The basic salts of -the invention may not only be used for the

above-mentioned purpose, but they can also be used for the preparation of biocides, in particular fungicides and wood preservatives, as well as -for the preparation of paint driers and catalysts (if desired on supports). EXAMPLF I The starting material was a technical mixture of mono and di C,,-,8-a-lkyl salicylic acids' which contained 14 mol % 85 of the corresponding alkyl phenols and had an acid value of 86 mg KOH/g. 270 parts by weight of this mixture were diluted with 130 parts by weight of xylene 400 ' parts by weight of methanol 90 and 66 3 parts by weight of powdered sodium hydroxide were then added. Owing to the heat of reaction the temperature rose to 540 O; after stirring the mixture for 30 minutes the temperature 95 dropped to 500 C O Carbon dioxide was then introduced at atmospheric pressure while constantly stirring, until 26 2 parts by weight thereof had been absorbed (duration i hour) The temperature had 100 then risen to 630 C and it was found that practically all the sodium hydroxide added had been dissolved. The methanol and the greater part of the reaction water formed were removed 105 from the reaction mixture by distillation while stirring was cobtinued, the reaction mixture being heated to 1,000 C; 510 ' parts by weight of distillate were thereby formed The residue, which was free of 110 methanol and practically anhydrous, was now diluted with 400 parts by weight of cylene, after which small quantities of solid substances were removed by centrifuging 150 parts by weight of a spinidle 115 oil with a viscosity at 60; O C of 50, seconds Redwood 1 were added to the clear solution, and the xylene, together with traces of water, was removed by vacuum distillation 120 The oil concentrate thus obtained was entirely clear and contaihed 4 0 equivalents of sodium per mol of salicylic acid, so that the basicity was 300 %. EXAMPLE II The starting material was the same acid mixture as used in Example I 270 parts by weight of this mixture a., were dil Jited with 130 parts by weight of xylene 40 00 parts by weight of methanol and 34 8 parts by-weight of anhydrous lithium hydroxide ere then added The anhydrous lithium hydroxide was obtained by heating in' vacuo technical lithium hydroxide containing 1 mol of water of crystallization and having a purity of 98 % The mixture was now stirred for 20 minutes, after which the temperature, which as a result of the reaction between the alkyl salicylic acids and the lithium hydroxide had already risen to 5 C, was set at between 50 C and 600 C Gaseous carbon 'dioxide was then introduced at atmospheric pressure while tcontinually stirring, until 22 515 parts by weight had been absorbed The methanol aid the greater part Qf the reaction iater were removed from the reaction mixture by 'distillation' while stirring was continued, -the reaction mixture

being heated to 100 -C; 8 parts by weight of distillate weretthereby obtained. The residue, which was 'free of methanol and practically -anliydrous, was now diluted with 400 parts -by weight_ of xylene:, after which small quantities of solid substa'nce were removed by 'entrifuging 150 parts by 7 weight of the spindle oil of Example I were'added to the clear solutioi, ad the ylenfe, t 6 gether with traces of water, was removed by'vacuum distillation ' The oil concentrate 'btaineil was entirely clear and contained 3 85 equivalents of lithiuim per mol of salicylic acid, so that the basicity was 285 %/. XAMPSE-III -40 ? This example illustrates the difference between the process of the present invention and that of U S Specification No. 2,623,016 : 2 EXPERNT 1 45: P Roc ESS ACORDONG TO THE INVENTION The starting material was a technical mixtuie of monoo and di 0,4-0 C 8-alkyl salicyli'c acids, which contained 14 mo L % of the corresponding phenols and had an acid value of' 8 0 mg KO 'Hig 1062 parts by-weight of this mixture were diluted with 11188 parts by weight of xylene Subsequently 122 parts by weight of methanol and 975 parts by weight of powdered Na OH were added 'Owing,, to the heat-of reaction the temperature rose to 43 C -The mixture was further heated to a temperature of 40 P', after which 002 was passed through the mixture at atmospheric pressure During the O 02treatment the -temperature was held between 61 and 740 Q When 38 5 parts by weight ofi CO 2 were a sorbed (this tookl 11 l -inutes), the o trecttment was ter-minated and the methanol and reaction 6 water were distilled off by heating until its temperature was 1420 C The solid material was removed from the mixture by centrifuging The clear solution (a sample of the solution remained perfectly 71 clear on dilution with pentane) was mixed with 350 parts by weight of a spindle oil having a viscosity of 50 seconds Redwood 1 at 6 G( C From this mixture the xylene was removed by vacuum distillation 7 ' The oil concentrate cbtained in this way was perfectly clear and it contained 12.24 equivalents of sodium per mol of alkyl salicylic acid, so that the basicity was 1124 % 8 C EXPERIMENT 2 PROCESS ACCORDING TO U S SPECIFICATION 2,623,016. -1062 partsby weight of the same acid mixture as used in Experiment 1 ' were 85 diluted with 1118 8 parts by weight of xylene Subsequently, 97 5 parts by weight of Na Ol H dissolved in 97 5 parts -by weight of water were added While stirring the mixture, its temperature was 90 raised, until the mixture began to boil. The mixture was dehydrated by azeotropic distillation by means of a Dean and Stark apparatus The zylene which distilled over was recycled to the reaction mixture 95 The distillation was stopped when the temnperature of the reaction mixture was C; the distillation had

takenf 4 hours and 105 parts by weight of water were distilled off After cooling the mix 10 ( ture was filtered and the clear filtrate was analysed It contained 2 73 equivalents of sodium per mol of alkyl salicylic acid, so that the basicity was 173 %. Subsequently the filtrate was heated to 105 1400 C and at this temperature CO 2 was passed' through during two hours After filtration, the solution was analysed again. It contained 2 76 equivalents of sodium per mol of alkyl salicylic acid, so that the 11 C basicity was 176 %. What we cla-im is -. 1 A process for the preparation of an oil-soluble basic imonovalent metal salt of an organic aid, which comprises reacting 115 an oi J-soluble monovalent metal salt of an organic acid, dissolved in an oil, in the presence of water andl or a water-miscible oxygeii-containing organic liquid, with an oil-soluble monovalent metal com 120 pounid, which is formed in situ in the reaction mixture.


* GB785197 (A)

Description: GB785197 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements relating to printing machines


PATENT SPECIFCATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 23, 1956 No 123729/56. Application made in United States of America on May 2, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 100 ( 2), C 13 G.

International Classification:-B 411. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements relating to Printing Machines. We, FRED'K H L Ev Ey COMPANY, INC, a Corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of New York, United States of America, of 380 Madison Avenue, New York, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly Oescribed in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to improvements in rotary web-fed printing presses, and more particularly, to improvements concerning the adapting of the impression cylinder of the press to accommodate webs of different thicknesses and the protecting of the surface of the impression cylinder from wear or other damage The invention is especially useful in conjunction with presses for offset printing but may also be used with advantage in conjunction with presses adapted for letter-press work. In offset printing, for instance, the web is passed between the peripheral surfaces of the so-called impression cylinder and a rotating offset blanket to which the ink impression has been applied by the printing plate and which is wrapped around the peripheral surface of a blanket cylinder and applies the ink impression to the web. For superior printing, it is essential that the contact between the web and the blanket be uniform and nicely adjusted This contact will depend upon the spacing of the peripheral surface of the impression cylinder from that of the blanket and also upon the thickness of the web. Customarily, at each end of the impression cylinder and of the blanket cylinder there is provided a so-called bearer ring extending longitudinally from the working surface of the cylinder and of slightly greater dialPrice 3 s 6 d 1 meters than those of the respective cylinder. Because of their greater diameters, these 45 bearer rings determine the minimum spacing between the peripheral surfaces of the impression cylinder and blanket cylinder, respectively, thus providing space between the peripheries to allow for the thickness of the 50 blanket and the thickness of the web. Where changes in the thickness of the web are contemplated, means must be provided for varying the spacing between the peripheral surface of the impression cylinder 55 and that of the blanket Also should the peripheral surface of the impression cylinder be subjected to wear, which would tend to increase the spacing between its periphery and

that of the blanket, means must be pro 60 vided for readjusting the periphery of the impression cylinder with respect to that of the blanket. To meet these conditions, it has been proposed to change the so; called travel line on 65 the impression cylinder by covering the peripheral surface of the cylinder with a thin metal sheet or plate which is replaceable from time to time as required, either because of wear or because of a contemplated 70 change in web thickness. The present invention provides improved and effective means for securing such plates to the impression cylinder whereby the plates can be readily removed and replaced 75 by plates of like or different thickness as required. This means for securing the plate to the impression cylinder will sometimes be referred to herein as a lock-up In presses 80 employing an impression cylinder of relatively small diameter, a single lock-up will usually suffice However, in modern multicolour Dresses, where impression cylinders of relatively large diameter are used, the 85 surface of the impression cylinder may be i 7855197 I 1 i 1 1 785,197 covered by a plurality of separate sheets, shown, the respective jaws are pivoted on necessitating the use of an equal number rigid pins 11 projecting into each end of of lock-ups, as hereinafter more fully the jaw and supported by an inner portion described of the bearer ring forming the end structure a The invention will be further described 12 of the cylinder 70 and illustrated with reference to the accon The lower end of each jaw is provided panying drawings which represent conven with a lug 13 to which there is fastened, tionally and somewhat diagrammatically, a by means of a pin 14, one end of a turn particularly advantageous embodiment of the buckle 15 The other end of the turn lo invention in conjunction with an impression buckle is fastened by means of pin 16 to the 75 cylinder employing four separate lock-ups, rigid structure of the cylinder indicated and of which: at 17. Figure 1 is a diagrammatic end view of Each end of the plate to be fastened to the impression cylinder and a co-operating the cylinder is bent at a substantially 900 Iw blanket cylinder, the impression cylinder angle, as shown in Figure 2, so as to project 80 being partly broken away to indicate the inwardly through the slot 7 and a relatively positions of the lock-up assemblies and the heavy gauge metal strip 18, of a length plates secured to the cylinder; equal to the width of the sheet, is secured Figure 2 is an enlarged end view of the to each end of the sheet, as by welding. 2 o lock Lup assembly showing a portion of the Uniformly spaced along the length of the 85 cylinder structure; strip 18, there is provided a number of holes Figure 3 is a side view of the lock-up 20 so spaced

and of such size as to coincide along the line 3-3 of Figure 2; and with, and fit over, the rotatably mounted Figure 4 is a further enlarged side view locking posts 21. of means for fastening the end of one of the These locking posts 21 are spaced at in 90 plates in the lock-up tervals along the jaw, for instance on about In Figure 1, the impression cylinder is 6 inch centres, and are nicely rotatably represented at 1 and a blanket cylinder at fitted into holes bored into the face of the 2 There may, of course be a plurality of jaw and held 7 therein against longitudinal blanket cylinders, particularly in multicolour movement by snap rings 22 The outward 95 printing The spacing between periphery extension of each of the locking posts is 3 of the impression cylinder-and periphery eccentrically positioned with respect to the 4 of the blanket cylinder is determined by axis of rotation of the portion fitting into the outside diameters of the bearer rings 5 the jaw and is provided with a lip 23. and 6 The difference between the dia In the locked position, the respective lips 100 meters of the bearer rings and of the cylin 23 will extend inwardly away from the periders is usually quite small but has been pheral surface of the cylinder In the exaggerated in the drawings for clarity unlocked position, these lips will extend In the periphery of the impression outwardly Also, by reason of the eccentric cylinder, there is provided one or more position of the locking posts, these posts 105 narrow longitudinal slots -7 adapted to are moved in a direction away from the receive the ends of a plate or plates 8 periphery of the cylinder as the posts are Where more than one plate is to be used, turned toward the locked position so that these -slots may be-evenly spaced about the the end of the plate attached to the posts is circumference of the cylinder, for instance pulled inwardly It will be understood that 110 where each quadrant of the cylinder is to the respective holes in the end of the plate be covered by a separate plate, four slots will be of such size and configuration as to will be provided spaced 90 ' apart and a permit the corresponding posts to pass separate Iock-up assembly will be provided therethrough when the posts are turned to beneath each slot the unlocked position 115 Positioned -within the cylinder beneath The inner end of each locking post is s Iot -7, are two jaw-like members 9 extend secured to a spur gear 24, each being adapted ing the entire length -of the slot and pivoted to engage, and to be turned by a rack 25 about points 10 At their upper ends, extending longitudinally through the jaw W these jaws are tapered toward each other to over substantially the length thereof By 120 a rigid edge to permit their projecting moving the rack in a longitudinal direction, through the slot a distance just short of the each locking post is turned simultaneously periphery of the

cylinder, say about 03 inch either to the locked or unlocked positions. These jaws 9 and their pivot points 10 Longitudinal movement of the rack may should be of sufficiently rigid structure to ' be effected in any suitable manner A par 125 prevent their distortion under severe strain ticiflarly advantageous means for effecting occasioned by the tightening of the plate such longitudinal movement is by a rotatabout -the -cylinder able shaft 26 threaded into an outer end of The pivot points 10 are rigidly supported the rack and held against longitudinal moveli 5 by the cylinder structure In the apparatus nent by shoulders 27 The outer end of 130 n 785,197 the shaft is adapted at 28 to be turned by means of a wrench or the like, thereby moving the rack longitudinally and causing the locking posts to rotate. In order to simplify the fabrication of the jaws, especially with respect to providing a way for the rack 25, the jaws are with advantage made of two parts joined together at line 29, the lower section of the jaw being secured to the upper section by screws 30. In placing the plates on the cylinder, the jaws will be moved by means of the turn buckles, which are readily accessible from the end of the cylinder through openings 31, to a position in which their outer ends are spaced apart a maximum distance An end of the plate, pre-bent as shown, and secured to strip 18, is inserted through slot 7 and the holes in the strip 18 are slipped over the corresponding locking posts 21, the latter having been turned to the unlocked position. Where a single plate is used, the other end of the plate is then secured to the other jaw and the ends of the plate are then pulled tightly over the outer end of the jaw by turning the eccentrically positioned locking 0 posts, as previously described, to the locked position. Having secured both ends of the plate to the respective jaws, the plate is tightly drawn about the periphery of the cylinder by forcing the outer ends of the jaws together by means of the turn buckles, leaving a minimum gap at the seam of the plate. By means of the lockup assembly of our invention, the plates may be readily and quickly changed and the new plates accurately adjusted to the periphery of the cylinder, all by means readily accessible to the operator The plates can be drawn tightly and smoothly about the cylinder and about the edges of the slots with -a minimum loss of printing area at the seams Lock-up slots of an overall width of the order of 1 inch have been found adequate in most instances. It will be apparent to the skilled mechanic, in view of our foregoing disclosure, that various means equivalent to those shown may be employed for actuating the lockingposts and the jaws without departing from the scope of our invention, all such 5.5 equivalents being within

the scope of our invention as defined by the appended claims.


4786 4790.output

Automotive