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REL670 - Line Distance Protection IED

Substation Automation Products

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Introduction REL670 functionality

Distance protection in REL670

Additional protection functions

Control & Supervision functions

Summary

Contents

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Main application

Line distance protectionterminal for:

All voltage levels

Directly earthed networks

OH-lines

Cables

Double circuit lines

Single-, two- or three pole trip

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Main Characteristics

Line IED for protection, monitoring and control

Building block in Substation Automation Systems

Completely full scheme

Functional flexibility

Configuration flexibility

Extensive self- supervision

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Introduction

REL670 functionality Distance protection in REL670

Additional protection functions

Control and Supervision functions

Communications and Tools

Summary

Contents

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Protection functions

Current reversal & WEI logic for earth fault (EFCA) Current reversal & WEI logic for earth fault (EFCA)

Scheme communication for earth fault (EFC)Scheme communication for earth fault (EFC)

4 stage earth fault protection (TEF)4 stage earth fault protection (TEF)

Instantaneous non-dir residual O/C (IEF)and phase overcurrent protection (IOC)

Instantaneous non-dir residual O/C (IEF)and phase overcurrent protection (IOC)

Time delayed 4 stage O/C protection (TOC)Time delayed 4 stage O/C protection (TOC)

Current reversal & weak-end infeed (ZCAL)Current reversal & weak-end infeed (ZCAL)

Scheme communication logic, (ZCOM)Scheme communication logic, (ZCOM)

Power swing detection, (PSD)Power swing detection, (PSD)

Local acceleration logic (PLAL)Local acceleration logic (PLAL)

Automatic switch onto fault (SOFT)Automatic switch onto fault (SOFT)

Distance protection (ZM, GFPS)Distance protection (ZM, GFPS)

= Option = Included

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General current & voltage measuring function, 1 or 2 CB, (GF)

General current & voltage measuring function, 1 or 2 CB, (GF)

Two stage time delayed residual over-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TRV)

Two stage time delayed residual over-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TRV)

Two stage time delayed over-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TOV)Two stage time delayed over-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TOV)

Two stage time delayed under-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TUV)Two stage time delayed under-voltage, 1 or 2 CB, (TUV)

Pole-discordance, 1 or 2 CB, (PD)Pole-discordance, 1 or 2 CB, (PD)

Stub protection, 2 CB, (STB)Stub protection, 2 CB, (STB)

Breaker failure protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP)Breaker failure protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP)

Protection functions

Thermal overload protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP)Thermal overload protection, 1 or 2 CB, (BP)

= Option = Included

Distance protection with Mho characteristicDistance protection with Mho characteristic

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Apparatus control, single bay max 8 apparatusesApparatus control, single bay max 8 apparatuses

Autorecloser for 1, 2 &/or 3 ph, single, 1 ½ or double CB, (AR)Autorecloser for 1, 2 &/or 3 ph, single, 1 ½ or double CB, (AR)

Synchrocheck & energizing check, 1,1 ½ or double CB, (SYN)Synchrocheck & energizing check, 1,1 ½ or double CB, (SYN)

Fuse failure supervision, 1or 2 CB (FFD)Fuse failure supervision, 1or 2 CB (FFD)

Current circuit supervision, 1 or 2 CB (CCS) Current circuit supervision, 1 or 2 CB (CCS)

Supervision and Control functions

= Option = Included

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Multiple command and transmit, single or double CB(CM, MT)Multiple command and transmit, single or double CB(CM, MT)

Pulse-counter logic for metering, (PC)Pulse-counter logic for metering, (PC)

Fault locator (FL)Fault locator (FL)

Logics and monitoring functions

= Option = Included

Disturbance report (DR)Disturbance report (DR)

Service value reading of U, I f, P,Q, S & power factor, (VP)Service value reading of U, I f, P,Q, S & power factor, (VP)

Trip matrix logic, 1or 2 CB, 12 instances (TR)Trip matrix logic, 1or 2 CB, 12 instances (TR)

Single, two or three pole trip logic, 1 or 2 CB (TRP) Single, two or three pole trip logic, 1 or 2 CB (TRP)

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Introduction

Functionality

Main features in REL670 Distance protection in REL670

Additional protection functions

Control and Supervision functions

Communications and Tools

Summary

Contents

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Main features in REL670

Typical operate time: One cycle

Full scheme with simultaneous measurement in each loop and advanced phase selection

Very low requirement of time to saturation for CT’s including maximum remanence

Complete software library for all applications

Full Bay control functionality available(Option).

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Introduction

Functionality

Main features in REL670

Distance protection in REL670 Other protection functions

Control and monitoring functions

Communications and Tools

Summary

Contents

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Measuring algorithm

u = i . R + X . diωo

. dt

I

UXS XL RL

Same reliable algorithm as REL5xx

Distance Protection algorithm

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Export and import of load

ZL

Z<Um Um

A B

Z<

Export Import

X

R

ZL

ExportX

R

ImportAdaptive

compensation

No compensation

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ZM: Operation characteristic for Ph-Ph loops

RFPP/2R1

Lϕ

X1

jX

RArgDir

ArgNegResX1

R1+RFPP/2

RFPP/2

RFPP/2

)/( phaseΩ

)/( phaseΩ Characteristic for Ph-Ph loops

Fault resistance for reverse direction is defined from the Y-axes

Few setting parameters = easy handling

Setting parameters for forward direction in blue

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ZM:Operating characteristic Ph-E

Quadrilateral characteristic improves sensitivity

Independent setting of: Reactive reach direction

Resistive reach direction

Directionality

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ZM: Setting parameters

Positive sequence resistive reach:R1 (/phase)Positive sequence reactive reach:X1 (/phase)

Zero sequence resistive reach:R0 (/phase)Zero sequence reactive reach:X0 (/phase)

Fault resistance for phase-phase fault:RFPP (/loop)Fault resistance for phase-earth fault:RFPE (/loop)

Setting parameters for measuring zones:

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ZM: Setting parameters

Each zone can be set On/Off

be set NonDir/ Forw/Rev

For each zone The Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loops can individually be set On/Off

Individual timers for Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loop

Both Ph-Ph and Ph-E fault loops have a settable minimum operating current IMinOpPP, respective IMinOpPE and IMinOpIN

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Phase selection (PS)

The main objective is To release the Measuring zones for phase selective tripping

To give indication of faulty phase(s)

To ensure secure operation of the phase selector in case of combination of line to earth fault and phase to phase fault there is a check of the relation between IN and Iph which is used to release the correct fault loop

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Kr = 1 / tan(60deg)

RFFwPE

X1+XN

R

X

RFRvPE

KrX1RFRvPE

KrX1

X1+XN

RFFwPE

60 deg

60 deg

Kr = 1 / tan(60deg)

RFFwPP/2

X1

R

X

RFRvPP/2

KrX1RFRvPP/2

KrX1

X1

RFFwPP/2

60 deg

60 deg

Phase to earth fault Phase to phase fault

Phase Selection

/loop

/loop

/phase

/phase

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General Fault & Phase Selection

R

X

RFFwPPK3

K3 = 2 / sqrt(3)

2X1K3

90 deg

RFRvPPK3

30 deg

Three phase fault

R

X

Easy to coordinate GFPS-ZM

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X

ZM1

LOAD

Minimum Load Resistance

δδδδ

Maximum Load Angle

Fault Resistance(RFPE, RFPP/2)

ZM2

ZM3ZM4

R

Load encroachment

TRIP ZM4

ZM5

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Load encroachment

Load encroachment allows better fault resistance

coverage without interference with load

Releases the measuring zones including the phase selection for phase selective tripping

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Introduction

Functionality

Main features in REL670

Distance protection in REL670

Other protection functions Control and monitoring functions

Communications and Tools

Summary

Contents

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4-step Earth fault protection (TEF)

Four stage Earth overcurrent.

Each stage can be set Off, Non-directional, Forward or Reverse

Each stage can be Definite- or Inverse time delayed.

Taylor made curve is available

Each stage can be blocked from second harmonic inrush currents.

Directional polarizing from calculated UL1+UL2+UL3 or by external Open delta to a separate Analogue input.

IF

IN>

4

UL1+UL2+UL3

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Distance protection - Communication schemes

The communication schemes are of two basic types:

Permissive schemes, where a permissive condition to trip is sent. Gives high security but lower dependability. underreaching,

overreaching,

Blocking schemes, where a blocking signal preventing "instantaneous tripping" is sent. Gives high dependability but lower security.

Carrier send CS = Z< Forward, under- or overreach

Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received

Permissive system

A B

Carrier send CS = Z< Reverse zone_____________

Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received &T0

Blocking system

Z<

A B

Z<

Z< Z<

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Distance protection - Unblocking schemes

The loss of communication guard is considered equal to a received signal and accelerate the tripping

Continuously

During a time window

The signal PLC Guard is connected to the GRG input in ZCOM logic.

Carrier send CS = Z< Forward, under or overreach

Trip = Z< Forward Z1, Z2 or Z3 & Carrier received or Loss of PLC Guard signal.

Permissive system

A B

Z<21

Z<21

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Local acceleration logic

FeaturesInstantaneous trips for faults on the whole line length

without telecommunication

Operation mode zone extension An overreaching zone allows to trip instantaneous

Operation mode loss of load An overreaching zone allows to trip instantaneous if

the current in one or two phases get low

Selective trip at auto reclosing

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Current reversal logic

Z< Z<

Z< Z<CS CR

21 21

21 21

ZM2

CR

ZM3R

40

60

&

&

&

Carriersend

Trip

Z< Z<

Z< Z<CR?CS

21 21

21 21

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Weak-End Infeed

For cases when one side has a weak, or non-existant source a WEI logic is advantageous.

Strong side will send Permissive OVERREACH signal.

At Weak-end the signal received will be

mirrored back on detection of low voltage to accelerate the strong end tripping

Tripping with local undervoltage (Ph-Ph, Ph-E) check logic

Z<WEI

Z<WEI

Z<

Z<L1N

L1N/L2NForwA BL1N/L2N

G G

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Power swing detection

Based on the same principles as REL5xxbut:

Load encroachment algorithm introduced Allows better fault

resistance coverage without interference with load

X1InFw

RLdOutFw

ARGLd

X1InRv

RLdOutRv

R1LIn

ZL

R1FInFwR1FInRv

KLdRRv*RLdOutRv

Lϕ

ϕL

KLdRFw*RLdOutFw

jX

R

Lϕ

X1InFw * KLdRFw

X1InRv * KLdRRv

R1FInRv * KLdRRv

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Switch On To Fault (SOTF)

A basic protection function which enables instantaneous trip at closing of breaker. Non directional to cover zero voltage due to forgotten earthing switch

Two versions:

A binary input (bc) which releases the SOTF overreaching zone at breaker closing command

Internal measurement detects that no voltage and no current is available for a certain time(DLD). The instantaneous, non directional measurement is then activated internally.

An overreaching zone shall be used to allow operation also at AR achieving trip for all line faults

Z<U=0 V

Lϕ

β

jX

RArgDir

ArgNegRes

Zone1

)/( phaseΩ

)/( phaseΩ

Zone2 or Zone3

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STUB protection

Instantaneous overcurrent protection of busbar connection (STUB) when a line disconnector is open

Required in Multi-breaker arrangements with CVT (VT) on line side of DS

Z< (21) function cannot measure when line disconnector is open and must be blocked.

open

I STUB >&

25 ms

Trip

Line discon.

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Fuse Failure Supervision

Measuring quantities are selectable between:

zero sequence voltage and current:

U0 > Uref and I0 = 0

negative sequence voltage and current:

U2 > Uref and I2 = 0

Sudden change in current and voltage:

DI/Dt and DU/Dt

Programmable influence on the operation of zone measuring elements

IL

> Z

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Single Pole Tripping Simultaneous and independent

measurement for all fault loops in separate phase selectors is necessary for correct phase selection and single pole tripping because: Line faults represent 85% of all

faults in power systems

75% of the line faults are single phase to earth faults

5% of the line faults are evolving faults

80-95% are transient.

R

S

T

T

R

S

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Input signals – typical connections

Auto-Reclosing

From high priority AR

CB closedCB ready

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Auto Reclosing

Single-/ Two-/ Three-phase reclosing programs

3 phase--------

3 phase--------

1 phase2 phase3 phase

1/2/3 phase6

3 phase3 phase----

3 phase3 phase----

1 phase2 phase3 phase

1/2/3 phase5

3 phase----

3 phase----

1 phase2 phase

1/2 phase(No 3 phase)

4

3 phase3 phase

3 phase3 phase

1 phase2 phase

1/2 phase(No 3 phase)

3

3 phase3 phase3 phase

3 phase3 phase3 phase

1 phase2 phase3 phase

1/2/3 phase2

3 phase3 phase3 phase3 phase13rd and 4st attempt2nd attempt1st attemptProgram

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Start Quick AR without synchrocheck

Auto-Reclosing – new in REx670

Put AR on hold e.g. waiting for Thermal relays to reset to have less sag before reclosing

Skip a step and continue with next (at multiple shots)

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Energizing Check

The dead line and Live bus conditions are checked.

Uhigh and Ulow are verified

SC/VC

27

A BILoad

UA UB

Ulow

Uhigh

Inductive and Capacitivecharging of dead line

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Synchronism Check

Paralleling (synchronism conditions are checked

∆, ∆f, ∆U and Uhigh are within set values

SC/VC

25

A BILoad

UA UB

UAL

d

dU

Icap

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Synchrocheck function

BLOCK

U-Line U-Bus

SYNC

Line referencevoltageFuse fail

U-Bus

Energizing checkHigh voltage U> 50-120% of UbLow voltage U< 10- 80% of UbOperate time 80 ms (typical)

Paralleling (Synchronism) CheckFrequency difference ∆f < 3-1000mHzVoltage difference ∆U < 2 - 50 % of UbPhase difference ∆φ < 5 - 90o

Operate time 80 ms (typical)

Accuracy of frequency measurementabout 0,5 mHz!

∆φ

∆U

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Synchrocheck – Function block

Fuse fail on sel fuse

Information that the voltage is included in the synchrocheck

Information that the conditions for voltage, diff voltage phase angle diff etc are fulfilled

Conditions for AR

Conditions for Man close

Test conditions fulfilledDS Bus 1 at DB arrangement

DS Bus 2 at DB arrangement

DS Line at 1 1/2 arrangement

DS alt Line at 1 1/2 arrangement

Bus1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK

Bus2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK

Line 1 VT Fuse fail alt. OK

Line 2 VT Fuse fail alt. OK

Block inputs

Test mode inputs

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Synchrocheck – Voltage selection

SYN1

SYN1 SYN2

1 U

1 U1 UIED

3 U

1 U

3 U

B2QB1Q

UB1 UB2

ULN1

ULN1

UB1 UB2

LN1Q

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Synchrocheck Voltage selection

SYN1

IED 1

SYN1

IED 2

SYN1

IED 3

1 U

1 U3 U

3 U

SYN1

IED

SYN2

3 U

1 U

1 U

1 U

1 U

1 U1 U

1 U

B2Q

UB1UB2 ULN1

LN1Q

LN2Q

ULN2 UB2

B1Q

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Synchrocheck – Voltage selection

SYN1

REC670

SYN2

SYN3

3 U

3 U

1 U

1 U

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Summary

Platform of products for all type of objects.

Increased user friendliness with common PC tool box

Configuration flexibility

Pre-defined user-friendly packages

Serial communication flexibility for easy integration in Substation Automation Systems

New IEC61850-8-1 Station Bus

Extensive self-supervision allows minimal scheduled maintenance.

Improved tool communication speed