4.4 evaluate logarithms and graph logarithmic functions part 2
TRANSCRIPT
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4.4 Evaluate Logarithms and Graph Logarithmic Functions
Part 2
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Definition
• Logarithms are the "opposite" of exponentials,
• Logs "undo" exponentials.
• Logs are the inverses of exponentials.
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Writing Logarithms
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____________________________________________cab logYou read it: Log base “b” of “a” equals “c”
‘log’ is the operation b is the base a is the object of the log c is what you get when you evaluate the log
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Exponential Form
log x yb =
x yb =Logarithmic Form
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5 1x 416 x13 x
Evaluating logarithms now you try some!
• Log 4 16 =
• Log 5 1 =
• Log 16 4 =
• Log 3 (-1) =(Think of the graph of y = 3x)
20
½ (because 161/2 = 4) undefined
4 16x
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You should learn the following general
forms!!!
•Log a 1 = 0 because a0 = 1
•Log a a = 1 because a1 = a
•Log a ax = x because ax = ax
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Common logarithms
•log x = log 10 x
•Understood base 10 if nothing is there.
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Common Logs and Natural Logs with a
calculator
log10 button
lne button
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Finding Inverses
• Find the inverse of:
•y = log3x
• By definition of logarithm, the inverse is
y=3x
• OR write it in exponential form and switch the x & y!
3y = x 3x = y
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Example 1:
• Write 53 = 125 in logarithmic form.
• Write log381 = 4 in exponential form.
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Try This: Complete the table.
Exponential Form
25 = 32
3-2 = 1/9
Logarithmic Form
log101000 = 3
Log164 = 1/2
#1 #2 #3 #4
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Lets look at their graphs
y = x
10xy
10log y x
10logy x
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To Evaluate Logs without a Calculator
• Change the log to an exponential.
1. log2 32 = x 2. log4 2 = x
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Solve for x.
1. log2 64 = x 2. logx 343 = 3
Change the log to an exponential.
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Evaluate without a calculator:
1. log 2 8 = x
2. log 2 1 = x
3. Find the value of k : k = log 9 3
4. Find the value of k : ½ = log k 9
5. Find the value of k : 3 = log 7 k
Change the log to an exponential.
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Common Logarithms
• Logarithms with base ______ are called common logarithms.
• Sometimes the base is assumed and not written.
• Thus, if you see a log written without a base, you assume the base is _______.
• The log button the calculator uses base _____.
10
10
10
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Use your calculator to evaluate:
1. log 51
2. log 4
3. log 0.215
1.71
0.6
– 0.67
Which means 1.7110 51
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Do You Know What X is?
4. Solve for x: 10x = 728
5. Solve for x:
Change the exponential to a log. Then use calculator.
1085
110 x
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Remember e ?
2.718e
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Natural Logarithm
• A natural logarithm is a logarithm with base e, denoted by ln.
• A natural logarithm is the inverse of an exponential function with base e.
xxe lnlog
2 7.389e
Exponential Form Logarithmic Form
ln 7.389 2
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Lets look at their graphs
y = x
xy e lny x
ln y x
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Writeasexponent or log.
1. 4
2. ln 56.3 4.03
xe
Evaluate f(x)=ln x to the nearest thousandth for each value of x below:
1.52
1.42.3 xxx
0.693 – 0.693 ? (see graph)
lny x
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13. Find the inverse of y = ln(x+1)
14. Find the inverse of y = 5x .
y = ex - 1
y = log5x
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Homework
Book
Pg. 147 16 - 24 allPg. 148 13 – 21 all